Counseling Psychology Notes PDF

Counseling Psychology Notes Chapter 5: Counseling Approach Directive Counseling Approach Advocated by E.G. Williamson Full name: EDMUND GRIFFITH WILLIAMSON Became an assistant professor in University of Minnesota in 1931. Hailed as directo...

Counseling Psychology Notes Chapter 5: Counseling Approach Directive Counseling Approach Advocated by E.G. Williamson Full name: EDMUND GRIFFITH WILLIAMSON Became an assistant professor in University of Minnesota in 1931. Hailed as director of Minnesota Testing Bureau/University of Minnesota Counseling and Consulting Center. Who developed the considered first comprehensive theory of counseling. Prescriptive Counseling or Counselor Centered Approach of counseling. The counselor believes in the limited capacity of the client/patient The Counselor tries to direct the patient's thinking by: Informing Explaining Interpreting Steps in Directive Counseling Analysis Collecting a data from a variety of sources by using a variety of tools and techniques. The data is needed for an adequate understanding of the client. Data from psychological testing, interview, observation. Synthesis Summarizing and organizing the data so as to reveal the client's assets, liabilities, adjustments, maladjustments. Gather every results. Diagnosis At this stage the counselor finds out the root cause of the problems exhibited by the client. Draw conclusion from it. Prognosis We predict the future development of the client's problems. Predicting situation from the diagnosis. Treatment or Counseling The most important and time consuming step in the whole process. Working phase Follow Up The counselor helps the client with new problems or with recurrences of the original problem, and determines the effectiveness of counseling provided. Necessary step to check if the solution was applicable to the client. PAGE 12 Advantages of Directive Counseling Approach Time Saver - the method are more of direct, persuasive, and explanatory. More focue on the problem and the person - persisting problems as of the moment. Counseling focuses more on the intellectual aspects of the person. The counselor becomes readily available which makes the counselee very happy. Limitations of Directive Counseling Approach There is no learning from the client's side. It makes the counselee over dependent to the counselor. Teach client to not overly dependent to the counselor. Problems regarding emotional maladjustment may be better solved by non- directive counseling. If the problem/s are more emotional. Non-Directive Counseling Approach Developed by Carl Rogers Permissive Counseling Approach It is a counselee-centered or client centered therapy. Individuals have full right to make final decisions for the self and solve their problems. No steps needed unlike the directive counseling approach, but there are techniques needed to apply. Non-Directive Counseling Techniques Listening Rather than being an active participant, the therapist's main job is to listen to the client. Clients have more to tell, but the counselor should not listen only (Active Listening Skills) Accepting The counselor does not judge patients by past mistakes. Respecting and Understanding Showing respect and understanding allows the client/patient to feel accepted by and trust the counselor (Unconditional Positive Regard) Responding The therapist's role is to continuously direct the attention back to the topic of the patient rather than responding to irrelevant questioning. The counselor must respond accordingly related to the main concern. Advantages of Non-Directive Counseling Approach It is a slow but sure process to make an individual capable of making adjustments. Might take time but surely progressed/adjusted, making sure/confidents that the client will handle the situation much better. No testing needed. It removes emotional block to bring up repressed emotions so that counselor might help/give solution, PAGE 13 Limitations of Non-Directive Counseling Approach It is slow and time consuming One cannot rely upon one's resources, judgement and wisdom. Don't solely base on client's cognitive level. It depends too much on the ability and initiative of the patient. It requires high degree of motivation in the patient. Eclectic Counseling Approach This approach is based on the fact that all individuals are different from one another. The techniques are elective in nature. This approach is based on selecting the best and leaving out what is least required. It has no steps from directive approach and no techniques from non-directive approach. Characteristics of Eclectic Counseling The principle of low expenditure is emphasized. Much quicker and much effective. The counselor makes use of all the tools and methods. Professional efficiency and skill of the counselor is a must. Making an opportunity available to the client. Advantages of Eclectic Counseling Approach Practical approach for both counselor and counselee/client. Flexible. It is more objective and coordinated. Disadvantages of Eclectic Counseling Approach No predetermined role. Might give confusion to the client. Some people view this approach as vague, opportunistic and superficial. Both the directive and non-directive cannot be mixed together. It requires more skilled counselors. Needed more training, need to be well versed with both approaches. PAGE 14