Historical Crimes and Criminology Issues (PDF)

Historical Crimes and Crimonolgy Issues 01 Moudi-Nora Albwardi-Deena-Shahad 11D  Table of contents 01 Jack the Ripper 02 Jack the Ripper Definitions, Causes & Effects Diagrams & Statistics, Solutions 0...

Historical Crimes and Crimonolgy Issues 01 Moudi-Nora Albwardi-Deena-Shahad 11D  Table of contents 01 Jack the Ripper 02 Jack the Ripper Definitions, Causes & Effects Diagrams & Statistics, Solutions 03 Theories of Crime 04 Theories of Crime Diagrams & Statistics, Solutions Definitions, Causes & Effects 05 Activity Kahoot it! 01  Jack the Ripper Jack the Ripper was a serial killer who terrorized the area of London known as Whitechapel in 1888. Due to the horrific nature of the murders, it was an extremely highly publicized case and has been dubbed one of the most famous unsolved criminal cases. Jack the Ripper: Causes & Effects 02  Solutions The Jack the Ripper case remains an enduring mystery, with various theories about the identity of the killer. Key suspects include Montague John Druitt, Aaron Kosminski, and George Chapman, each with distinct backgrounds and motives. Modern analyses, including criminal profiling and forensic techniques, have been applied to the evidence, but no conclusive answers have emerged. The socio-economic context of 1880s London, along with the sensational media coverage of the murders, adds complexity to the case, emphasizing issues of societal attitudes and the treatment of marginalized women. Ultimately, the Ripper’s identity and motives continue to intrigue and inspire investigation.  Statices Jack the Ripper is notorious for a series of brutal murders in London’s Whitechapel district in 1888, primarily involving five women known as the "Canonical Five": Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes, and Mary Jane Kelly. The murders occurred between August 31 and November 9, 1888, targeting vulnerable women, mostly sex workers, with ages ranging from 25 to 43. All the killings took place within a few blocks of each other, leading to significant public fear and media frenzy. The police received over 2,000 letters related to the case, including some signed "Jack the Ripper." Despite investigations naming more than 100 suspects, the true identity of the killer remains unknown, cementing the case as one of history’s most enduring mysteries. 03 Definitions - Theories of crime Theories of crime: Theories of crime help us understand why people commit crimes and what factors influence their behavior. These theories guide how we create laws and approaches to prevent crime. Classical Theory: created by Cesare Beccaria in the 18th century, says that crime happens because people have free will and make rational choices. Beccaria believed that people think about the possible benefits and consequences of their actions before deciding to commit a crime. He argued that punishments should be designed to stop crime rather than seek revenge. Positivist Criminology: Positivist Criminology, linked to Cesare Lombroso in the 19th century, claims that crime is affected by biological, psychological, or social factors. Lombroso suggested that certain physical traits might indicate a tendency toward criminal behavior, meaning not everyone is equally likely to commit crimes. Theories of Crime: Causes and Effects 04  Solutions Classical Theory (Cesare Beccaria): Crime is a result of free will and rational choice, punishments should deter crime. 1. Proportionate Punishments: Punishments should match the crime, deterring crime without being overly harsh. 2. Certainty of Punishment: Consistently enforce laws so criminals know they’ll be punished. 3. Swift Justice: Punish offenders quickly to strengthen the deterrent effect. 4. Transparent Legal System: Make laws and penalties clear and public to reinforce consequences. 5. Focus on Deterrence: Punish to prevent future crimes, not for revenge. 6. Rehabilitation: Offer education and job training to reduce reoffending. 7. Equal Treatment: Apply laws equally to all, promoting fairness and trust in the system. These steps aim to deter crime through rational, predictable, and fair punishments.  Solutions Positivist Criminology (Cesare Lombroso): Crime is influenced by biological, psychological, or social factors, rather than just free will. 1. Rehabilitation Programs: Focus on treating underlying issues, such as mental health or substance abuse, through therapy and support. 2. Early Intervention: Identify and support at-risk individuals (e.g., through counseling or education) before they turn to crime. 3. Biological Treatments: In cases where biological factors are linked to criminal behavior, consider medical or psychological interventions (e.g., hormone treatments or therapy). 4. Social Support Systems: Improve social conditions like poverty, unemployment, and education to reduce crime driven by environmental factors. 5. Personalized Justice: Tailor punishments and rehabilitation efforts based on the offender’s psychological or biological profile. These solutions focus on addressing the root causes of criminal behavior rather than relying solely on punishment.  30,000 1% 6% Other 25,000 10% Asian 1% 6% 1% Black 20,000 11% 6% Number of 1% 12% 6% first time 1% White entrants 13% 7% 15,000 1% 15% 7% 83% 16% 1% 7% 1% 10,000 16% 8% 82% 2% 81% 16% 1% 7% 1% 80% 18% 7% 7% 77% 17% 16% 5,000 76% 75% 75% 73% 74% 76% 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Year ending December 05