Copy of Lab practical practice test .pdf

1. Scientific method steps in order ● Observation: observing, observations should be done based on knowledge already existing. ● Questions: question should be based on observations, previous experiments, and study of literature ● Hypothesis: an educated guess based on the research ● Experiment: expe...

1. Scientific method steps in order ● Observation: observing, observations should be done based on knowledge already existing. ● Questions: question should be based on observations, previous experiments, and study of literature ● Hypothesis: an educated guess based on the research ● Experiment: experiment is used to either prove or disprove the hypothesis ● Conclusion: states whether the experiment supported or disproved the hypothesis. ● Report and Publish: research is organized into a scientific report which is later sent to be published 2. Select the hypothesis that represents hypothesis the most Hypothesis: an educated guess as to what will happen during your experiment example:The hypothesis is often written using the words "IF" and "THEN." For example, "If I do not study, then I will fail the test." 3. function of control and what are the variables Controls: essential for the unbiased Example: cells that get no treatment in an experiment Variables: any characteristic, varies from individual to individual Example: the amount of water given to the plants is the independent variable 4. Different types of variables ? Independent variable, Dependent variable , Control variables 5. Sample size in an experiment and why it's important Sample size: the number of participants or observation included in a study -it is important because sample size directly influences research findings LAB 2 6. Organic molecules Organic molecules; a molecules of the kind normally found in living systems Carbohydrates: first class of organic molecules Lipids: second class Proteins: long chains of components known as amino acids Nucleic acid 7. what reagents are used to test particular organic molecule Benedict's test: simple carbohydrates (ORANGE/RED) Biuret test: protein (VIOLET COLOR) Iodine: starch (DARK PURPLE) Sudan IV: lipids (RED COLOR) Dische diphenylamine: Nucleic acids (BLUE) 8. What did Benedict’s test for ? Simple carbohydrates (orange/red color) 9. What did Biuret test for ? Proteins (violet color) 10. What did iodine test for ? Starch (dark purple) 11. What did Sudan IV test for ? Lipids (red color) 12. What did Dische diphenylamine test for ? Nucleic acids (blue) 13. Why was Sudan 4 effective when testing for that particular molecule? Sudan 4 stain fat in tissues by reacting with the lipids or triglycerides (Red color) (tests for lipids) 14. What is an oxidation reaction? a process in which an electron is removed from a molecule during a chemical reaction 15. What is the reduction reaction ? a reaction in which electrons are added to a compound 16. What is dehydration synthesis? the removal of water to bind monomers together to form a polymer 17. What is hydrolysis ? a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound 18. Importance of having a positive and negative control Both negative and positive controls are used to validate experiments 1. What is a positive control receives a treatment with a known result 1. What is a negative control treated the same as other but are not expected to change LAB 3 1. What’s the function of an eyepiece on a microscope? used to look through 1. What is the function of objective lense ? the magnification power, 4x, 10x, 40x 2. What is the function of arms ? connecting to the base and to the head and the eyepiece 3. What is the function of the base ? microscope support 4. What is the function of the fine focus knob ? is used to focus on specimen 5. What is the function of the stage ? where you place specimen 6. What is the function of the iris diaphragm ? control the amount of light that reaches the specimen 7. What is the function of the condenser knob ? Moves the condenser up or down which controls the amount of light 8. What is the function of the stage clips ? hold slides in place 19. What's the field of view ? maximum area visible through the lenses of a microscope 9. What's the field of view equation ? FOV 10x total mag 10x = FOV 4x x total mag 4x 20. Total magnification equation total magnification= mag objective x mag ocular lens LAB 4 21. prokaryotic vs eukaryotic, Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not 22. Locomotion structures Cilia, flagella, axopodia 23. What is hypertonic ? have higher solute concentrations 24. What is hypotonic ? have lower concentration of solutes 25. What is isotonic ? have equal concentrations of solutes compared with the inside of the cell 26. What is osmosis ? Water moves from areas of low concentration of solute to areas of high concentration 27. READ LAB REPORT QUESTION ON ACTIVITY 2 28. What does the Fisil tube demonstrate Demonstrates osmosis, if you put the tube with a membrane in a solution that has dissolved solutes you can create a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic environment. If it’s hypotonic water will travel up the tube 29. What is the function of an enzyme Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or chemical reactions in our bodies 30. Why did we use the guaiacol To test for the presence of the enzyme 31. What can affect enzyme function Temperature, pH, concentration 32. Aerobic respiration definition vs anaerobic Aerobic respiration: takes place in all eukaryotic organisms and It requires the presence of oxygen Anaerobic respiration: takes place only in bacteria, and happens in the absence of oxygen but requires the pretense of inorganic molecules like carbonates, sulfates, and nitrates. 33. What is aerobic respiration takes place in all eukaryotic organisms and It requires the presence of oxygen 34. What is anaerobic respiration takes place only in bacteria, and happens in the absence of oxygen but requires the pretense of inorganic molecules like carbonates, sulfates, and nitrates. 35. Be familiar with goldfish experiment, what were we trying to figure out and how did we find the metabolic rate Trying to figure out respiration rates of goldfish 36. What are endotherms? Organisms that regulate their internal body temperature by changing their cellular aerobic respiration rate 37. What are ectotherms? Other organisms that rely on the environment to maintain their body temperature 38. Succinate being turned to fumarate was the 6th step of Krebs cycle. What part of the cell is it taking place Succinate was being oxidized 39. What part of the cell is the Krebs cycle taking place in Mitochondrial matrix What part of the cell is glycolysis taking place The cytoplasm 40. What does sodium fluoride do. Stops glycolysis 41. Paper chromatography This technique utilizes the different solubility of the pigments and the degree of attachment to the chromatography paper to separate the pigments from each other. 42. What is the purpose of plant pigments Absorbs the energy from the light, controlled photosynthesis 43. What is the equation for photosynthesis ? Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O. 44. What is the equation for cellular respiration ? Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.