Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide PDF

**Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide** 1. Identify each as "strong acid", "weak acid", "strong base", "weak base", or "neutral." 2. Which of the substances in \#1 would release the most H^+^ ions? Stomach digestive "juices" 3. Acids have a pH from 0 to 6.9. 4. Bases have a pH from 7.1 to 1...

**Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide** 1. Identify each as "strong acid", "weak acid", "strong base", "weak base", or "neutral." 2. Which of the substances in \#1 would release the most H^+^ ions? Stomach digestive "juices" 3. Acids have a pH from 0 to 6.9. 4. Bases have a pH from 7.1 to 14. 5. In a Polar molecule, the atoms do not equally share electrons causing one side to have a positive charge and the other side to have a negative charge. One example of this is Water. 6. Water will mix with which of the following? a. b. c. 7. Organic compounds are compounds that contain Carbon. 8. Why are there so many carbon compounds? Each Carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms. Carbon is the building block of life. 9. Inorganic compounds do not contain Carbon. 10. Match the polymers to their building blocks (monomers). Lipid-Fatty Acid Protein- Amino Acids Carbohydrate (Polysaccharide)- Simple Sugar Nucleic Acids-Nucleotide 11. Match the polymers to their functions. Lipid-Long term energy storage, insulation, water proofing Protein-Enzymes and Cell metabolism Carbohydrate-Short term energy storage Nucleic Acid-Hereditary information & coding for proteins 12. Identify as a [monomer] or a [polymer]. 13. A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called an Enzyme. 14. An enzyme is a protein [catalyst] that only works with a specific Substrate , or chemical compound, because its Active Site is shaped perfectly for that compound. 15. Activation Energy is the amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started. 16. An enzyme works by [\[raising or lowering?\]] the activation energy. 17. A polypeptide is another name for a protein. 18. A polysaccharide is another name for carbohydrates. 19. The three parts of a nucleotide are Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. 20. A fatty acid that is Saturated contains only single bonds. This type of fatty acid is bad for you because it is likely to clog your arteries. 21. A/An Unsaturated fatty acid contains double bonds which gives it a bent shape and make it less likely to build up in your arteries. 22. Identify the compound that each indicator tests for: 23. What will be observed if the test is positive? 24. Identify as a "carbohydrate", "lipid", "protein", or "nucleic acid". 25. A buffering agent keeps the pH constant in a cell. 26. In order to counteract acid reflux, you should take a medicine that is Basic. 27. Summary of Biomolecules: +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Macromolecule | **Monomer\ | **Polymers** | **Function** | | ** | (identify and | | | | | picture)** | **(identify and | | | | | picture)** | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Nucleic | **Nucleotide** | **DNA, RNA** | **Carries the | | Acid** | | | instructions | | | |  | proteins, | | | | | Hereditary | | | | | Information** | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Lipid** | **Fatty Acids** | **Triglycerides | **Long-term | | | | , | energy storage, | | | | Waxes, | Cell-membranes, | | | | Steroids, Fats, | insulation, | | | | Oils, | protects | | | | Phospholipids** | organs** | | | | | | | | |  | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Protein** | **Amino Acids** | **Polypeptides, | **Regulating | | | | Enzymes, | chemical | | | | Insulin, | reactions, | | | | Hemoglobin, | Builds body | | | | Hormones** | tissue** | | | | | | | | |  | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Carbohydrate* | **Monosaccharid | **Polysaccharid | **Short-term | | * | e** | es, | energy, | | | | Cellulose, | Structural | | | | Glycogen, | support | | | | Starch, | (Plants)** | | | | Chitin** | | | | | | | | | |  | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+