Chemistry Concepts: Acids, Bases, and Biomolecules

Which type of acid releases the most H^+^ ions?

Which of the following substances has a pH level from 7.1 to 14?

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

What is the primary role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Which polymer is primarily responsible for short-term energy storage?

Which of the following statements about saturated fatty acids is true?

What is the function of a buffering agent in biological systems?

Which statement is true regarding organic compounds?

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Which of the following functions is associated with lipids?

Which polymers are formed from amino acids?

What type of carbohydrates provides structural support to plants?

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily involved in carrying instructions for making proteins?

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

What type of lipid is commonly found in cell membranes?

Which type of carbohydrate is primarily used for short-term energy?

Which of these is NOT classified as a polymer?

What is the primary function of triglycerides?

Acids and Bases

Strong acids release many H⁺ ions.
Weak acids release few H⁺ ions.
Strong bases release many OH⁻ ions.
Weak bases release few OH⁻ ions.
Acids have a pH from 0 to 6.9.
Bases have a pH from 7.1 to 14.
Water is a polar molecule.

Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Organic compounds contain carbon.
Carbon can form four chemical bonds. This allows for a vast number of carbon-based compounds.
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.

Biomolecules: Polymers and Monomers

Lipids: Polymers formed from fatty acids; functions include long-term energy storage, insulation, waterproofing.
Proteins: Polymers formed from amino acids; functions include enzymes, cell metabolism.
Carbohydrates: Polymers (polysaccharides) formed from simple sugars (monosaccharides); function is short-term energy storage.
Nucleic Acids: Polymers formed from nucleotides; function is hereditary information and protein coding.

Enzymes

Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes are substrate-specific due to the shape of their active site.
Enzymes lower activation energy.

Fatty Acids

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds and contribute to clogged arteries.
Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds, resulting in a bent shape and less artery blockage.

Buffers and pH

A buffering agent maintains constant pH within a cell.
To counteract acid reflux, a basic medicine is needed.

Biomolecule Summary Table

Macromolecule	Monomer	Polymers	Function
Nucleic Acid	Nucleotide	DNA, RNA	Carries instructions for making proteins; Hereditary Information
Lipid	Fatty Acids	Triglycerides, etc.	Long-term energy storage, cell membranes, insulation
Protein	Amino Acids	Polypeptides, etc.	Regulating chemical reactions, building body tissue
Carbohydrate	Monosaccharide	Polysaccharides	Short-term energy storage, structural support

Test your knowledge on fundamental chemistry concepts, including the properties of acids and bases, differences between organic and inorganic compounds, and the role of biomolecules like lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. This quiz covers key definitions and functionalities essential for understanding chemistry at a foundational level.