Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences Counseling PDF

Discipline and - It helps students and clients understand and Ideas in the clarify their views, Applied Social fee...

Discipline and - It helps students and clients understand and Ideas in the clarify their views, Applied Social feelings, and perspectives and to Sciences empower them to reach their goals through meaningful, well-informed choices COUNSELING and through problem resolution. - “the process of guiding a person - should not be mistaken for during a stage of life when psychiatry. reassessments or decisions have to be made about himself or herself and - The latter is a branch of medicine his or her life course.” (Collins that deals with the treatment of the Dictionary of Sociology) mentally ill. - art, helpful, emerging - Psychiatry should be done only by a medical professional and uses - works together with psychology and clinical processes and tools, like deals with normal responses to drugs, surgical procedures, and normal life events, which may non-physical approaches. sometimes cause stress for people. - A counselor can be professionally What Situations or Settings trained or be informally Exist Within Counseling? knowledgeable about a certain life event. - Contexts include everything that influences the interactions and - A licensed counselor or a guidance development of the relationship and counselor is someone professionally learning of the client and the people studied and trained. around them. Context, as defined by Urie Bronfenbrener (1977, 1979, 1986, - Family, friends, and elders with 1988), includes the peers, cultures, experience are traditionally informal neighborhoods, the counseling, client, counselors, especially when it comes the counselor and the contextual and to many relatable life events, like the process factors. marriage, friendship, parenting, etc. Counseling is considered the heart of guidance services in schools. The Different Contexts of political activity, the transfers and usage of power and behavior of the Counseling participants. Peers - is the source of norms, values, - the attitudes, norms, behaviors, and symbols, rules, and language that personal issues that are introduced give the basis for the normal to the client among people in their functioning of a person. social circles and age groups. - Understanding the culture, a person - Parents, friends, classmates, and has is key to getting to know what colleagues all play a huge role in how their struggles, concerns and an individual addresses a life event personal characteristics are and how or issue, both positively and they are shaped. negatively. Counseling - In young adults and teenagers, the - The National Institute of Health impact of family influence can help recognizes counseling as a context balance out some influences that by itself. peers have given. - Whatever the therapeutic approach Neighborhood used; the counseling situation is also - Interactions between the individual a context in of itself. and the area they are living as well as - The counselor and the clients the people they interact with. themselves in the program can also - The collaboration between the influence the success of the individual, the family and the people engagement. around them are important in fighting - From the counseling context itself, off problems that may impact all of other success factors come into play. them. Other Factors Under the Counseling - A family in a good, safe Context neighborhood will be more empowered and secure in raising a. Client Factors their children and interacting with people around them compared to a - the performance and willingness of dangerous one. the client which helps him or her resolve the issue of the engagement. Culture - The client should not be passive in - the study that deals with the systems the treatment, but show interest and of government, the analysis of initiative in fixing the problem. - The attitude and expectations of the ________________________________ client also greatly influence the outcome of the engagement. What Are the Goals and Scope of Counseling? b. Counselor Factors The general goal of counseling is - the personality, skills and personal to lead the client, whether individually qualities of the counselor. or as a group, to be independent in relation to a problem and have them - A counselor’s personal style and resolve it on their own terms. It aims to qualities can make the client feel empower the client in his or her current comfortable and more willing to work situation to take control and get the together with the counselor to solve desired effect. the problem. What Is Client Empowerment? c. Contextual Factors - Means that they develop skills and - these commonly include the place abilities that require and atmosphere of the sessions. self-management and improved motivation toward actions that are - A noisy and physically distant and good for one’s self and develop a awkward place may not be as positive outlook toward the past effective as compared to a quiet, leading to some sense of closure and intimate or familiar setting, attainment of relative inner and outer - for example, in a child’s case, a harmony resulting in improvement in game room filled with colorful toys relationships with family, friends, and interesting books. colleagues and others. Other Goals of Counseling d. Process Factors Lead an individual client or group to - factors that make up the actual self-emancipation in relation to a felt counseling engagement. problem. - Vellemean (2001) presents the The client should attain insight, following six stages, which apply to all problem areas in the process of Understanding of one’s self, counseling. Achieve better self-awareness Look at oneself with increased self- acceptance and appreciation Be able to manage oneself positively. Scope of Counseling confidence that they are pursuing a suitable course of action Application of some psychological theories and recognized Release of emotional tension- communication skills. provides clients the opportunity to get emotional release from their It is a professional relationship that pent-up frustrations and other requires an eventual closure and personal issues. termination of the counselee-counselor relationship. Clarified Thinking - encourages a client to accept responsibility for Does not deal with mental illness problems and to be more realistic in solving them. What Are the Different Principles of Counseling? Reorientation – involves a change in the client’s emotional self through - The different principles of counseling a change in basic goals and are found in all the six steps of aspirations. It enables clients to counseling. recognize and accept their own limitations. - They govern each step. - Counselors are to set aside their own Listening Skills- Good listening personal values to empathize with helps the counselors to understand their clients. the concerns being presented by understanding both the content of - To provide the needed support in the clients’ problem as they see it. dealing with the issues of concern, counseling is more effective when it Respect- Clients must be treated is done with clear objectives in with respect, no matter how peculiar, mind. strange, disturbed, weird, or utterly different from the counselor. Here are the different principles of counseling: Empathy and positive regard - Empathy requires the counselor to Advice-giving - the requirement is listen and understand the feelings that a counselor makes judgments and perspective of the client and about a counselee’s problems and positive regard is an aspect of lays out options for a course of respect. action. Clarification, confrontation, and Reassurance – a way of giving Interpretation clients courage to face problems or  Clarification is an attempt by the non-judgemental attitude, empathy, counselor to restate what the client is and trust. saying or feeling so the client may learn something or understand the Partnership. issue better. - A counselor must make partnerships with different disciplines to create a Confrontation and holistic and integrated healing that Interpretation are advanced touches all aspects of the individual. principles used by counselor in their intervention. - These relationships should be of integrity, sensitivity, and openness to Transference - clients are ensure health, healing, and growth of empowered to gain understanding of clients. important aspects of their emotional life. Autonomy. Countertransference - helps - This requires a counselor to respect both clients and counselors to confidentiality and trust in the understand the emotional and relationship between the client. perceptional reactions and how to effectively manage them. - must also ensure a safe relationship and environment that is needed for ________________________________ healing. - only suggest advice and force the What Are the Core Values client to take it, giving the latter the of Counseling? freedom to decide what is really best for himself or herself. Core values Responsible caring - important to counseling. - should respect the potential of every - expected to be embraced by the human being to change and to practitioners in their engagements for continue learning throughout his/her life the benefit of both the counselor and and especially during the counseling the client they are handling. session. These core values are: Personal integrity Respect for human dignity. - must reflect a strong sense of right and wrong, honesty, and truthfulness - This means that the counselor must with his/her clients. provide a client unconditional positive regard, compassion, Social justice These roles are: - accepting and respecting the diversity Assisting the client in realizing of the clients, the diversity of a change in behavior and individuals, regardless of the presented attitude. issues as to what makes them different, like ideologies, personalities, and - the counselor help in the process of intellectual capacities. beginning and maintaining a positive and necessary change within the ________________________________ client. How Important Are Roles? - example would be wellness Why Do We Have Them? counselor suggesting a daily exercise program and seeing to his or her ROLES client every week to check his progress. - provide clarity, alignment and expectations that are needed in Assisting the client in achieving doing the work and to keep society desired goals. running. - A counselor help the client in - enable more efficient communication identifying the necessary steps to between professionals and people in achieve a goal, suggesting a course general. of action and encourage him or her to persevere in the pursuit of them. - Knowing what to expect from you is useful because it also helps you Getting clients people and identify the things that you need to channels that can help them. do. - requires a counselor to find and What Are the Roles of partner with others that would allow Counselors? them to get the necessary help their client needs. Counselors, in general, have the role of guiding the youth and every - bringing their clients closer to people other citizen that at critical moments of and organizations that would be able their growth. to help them with their clients’ consent. Aside from their general goal, they have other important roles, too. Teaching important skills (eg - With the many kinds of fields and job communication skills, social opportunities that counselors can work in, they often have a lot of skills, etc.) highly specific roles that they do - The counselor empowers the client/s aside from the ones that apply to not only by giving them people and every kind of counselor. resources that can help him or her - ex. pre-marriage counseling and achieve his or her goals, but by also marital counseling for marriage teaching them skills that would boost counselors, grief and loss counseling their esteem. for those whose loved ones have - examples: public speaking skills, died, divorcees, or those suffering social skills, and effective from PTSD, domestic violence communication skills. counseling, Providing spiritual guidance. - and other special counseling terminals like for those with terminal - Sometimes, counselors help their illness or emotionally and mentally clients reflect on what is right or disturbed individuals. wrong, their purpose in life, their insights about their goals in order to What Are Functions? How Do make them able to fully understand They Differ from Roles? themselves more. NOTE!! Helping in selecting and - Functions and roles are very adjusting to career choices. related to each other that they are - This is a very common role especially almost always interchanged. People for guidance counselors in a school eventually think that they mean the setting. same thing. - School guidance counselors guiding - Both function and roles have their students find and understand something to do with the purpose of what factors will affect their choices a certain person or thing. in choosing a career that best suits - However, roles define where the them, such as their economic status, person fits in the scope of activities their talents and skills, their interests, etc. - functions point out the particular tasks that are assigned to the role Other highly specific roles due given. to specific jobs or fields. - A counselor’s role may be becoming 3. Helping a client plan his or her a career guidance counselor and his future in accordance with his or her corresponding function is to help his abilities, interests and needs; or her client plan for the future career according to the client’s talents, 4. Sharing and applying knowledge skills, interests and other deciding related to counseling such as factor. counseling theories, tools, and techniques, and What Are the Functions of 5. Administering a wide range of Counselors? human development services. - The functions of a licensed counselor REMEMBER!! are outlined in the Philippine Republic Act No. 9258 (or also D – Develop client potentials to the known as the Guidance and fullest Counseling Act of 2004), Secs. 2-3 U – Utilize client potentials to the fullest - along with the definition of a guidance counselor as “whose P – Plan future according to client competence have been determined abilities, interests and needs by honest and credible licensure examinations and whose standards A – Applying knowledge related to of professional practice and service counseling are world-class and internationally S – Sharing knowledge related to recognized, globally competitive counseling through preventive regulatory measures, programs and activities A – Administering a wide range of that foster their continuing human development services professional development.” ________________________________ The function of counselors Some of the most common skills include the use of an integrated of counselors include: approach to develop are a well-functioning individual Communication skills primarily through: - actively listen, demonstrate understanding, ask appropriate 1. Helping a client develop questions, and provide information potentials to the fullest; as needed. 2. Helping a client plan to utilize his or her potentials to the fullest; Motivational skills Reflective skills - influence the help to take action after - the ability to ‘capture’ what the client the helping session or consultation. is saying and plays it back to them – but in the counselor’s own words. Problem-solving skills - The key skills here are paraphrasing, - differentiate between symptoms and restating and summarizing. the problem, pointing out probable causes and triggers for the problem Probing skills and then generating a range of possible solutions to the actual - ability to go deeper, asking more problem. directed or leading questions (questions that move a conversation Conflict resolution skills or session to a particular direction). - understand the kinds and styles of - tends to increase the helper’s control conflict resolution, recognizing the over both process and content, signs of conflict and learning the - as a result, “should be used sparingly process of resolving it. and with care, particularly in the early Culley and Bond (2004) have also stages of counseling (Culley and described a set of skills and a body of Bond 2004). knowledge to study in the curriculum of accumulated scientific knowledge and the skills needed to be an effecting The competencies that should be helper in counseling as foundation covered by counselors in the skills. practice of their discipline include the following: These foundation skills are a. Administering and maintaining grouped around three headings: career guidance and counseling programs Attending skills b. Administering career advocacy - Listening and responding with activities purpose and responding in such a c. Properly guiding the clients way that clients are aware that they towards becoming productive and have both been heard and contributing individuals of society understood through informed career choices d. Designing and implementing programs that expose students to the world, making them realize the value of agencies, youth work in a work and the importance of creating residential facility and youth necessary life skills and values probation officer. e. Facilitate collaboration with Gerontology clients and advocates in order to meet their clients’ needs - pre retirement counseling, community centers counseling, nursing home counseling, and hospice work. It is also the Okay, Now What? Where Do fastest growing field, focusing Counselors Go Next? on counseling older citizens. Good question! Actually, Marital relationship counseling counselors are practically found everywhere. - includes premarital counseling, marriage counseling, family They can be found in all spheres of counseling, sex education, human development, transitions and sexual dysfunction counseling caregiving. Peterson and Nesenholz and divorce mediation. (2011) lists down 11 major areas: Health - Offers possibility for nutrition Child development and counseling, exercise and health counseling education, nurse-counselor, rehabilitation counseling, stress - includes parent education, management counseling, holistic preschool counseling, early health counseling, anorexia or childhood education, elementary bulimia counseling and genetic school counseling, child counseling. counseling in mental health agencies and counseling with Career/lifestyle battered and abused children and their families. - focuses on guidance on choices and decision-making pertaining Adolescent development and to career or lifestyle; guidance counseling on career development; - provision of educational and - middle and high school occupational information, counseling, psychological conduction education on career education, career development and lifestyle trends, specialist, adolescent counseling in mental health  - provision of various forms of - include phobia counseling, vocational assessment self-management counseling, appropriate to a setting; intrapersonal management, addressing career and life interpersonal relationships development needs of special management and grief counseling. College and university —-----------------------—------————------ - includes college student counseling, student activities, Counselors working in various settings student personnel work, and contexts create more job residential hall or dormitory opportunities now more than ever. counseling, and counselor Counseling has gone beyond the education. school setting and expanded into many other fields. Drugs The following are the most - includes substance abuse common kinds of job counseling, alcohol counseling, opportunities: drug counseling, smoking program management, and crisis intervention counseling. School Guidance Counselor Consultation - They meet all their students within the first few weeks and - includes agency and corporate months of the school year, and consulting, organizational check in with them throughout development directing, industrial the year – psychology, and training - and often through several years, management. in the common case of students who stay in the same district Business and industry throughout their academic education. - personnel training and - Help students be the most development, quality and adjusted they can possibly be, work-life or quality circles and make the best possible managing, employee assistance choices for the future. programs, employee career - spend most of their time development, affirmative action speaking with students and or equal opportunity specialist. helping them plan, however, Other specialties they also spend a significant amount of time communicating with parents, talking with  teachers and other develop a treatment plan, and administrators, and completing utilize therapeutic techniques to paperwork. foster a better quality of life for - may also help support teachers the client. and other staff at the school. Substance Abuse Counselors Mental Health Counselors - Usually help his clients identify - Mental health counselors their “triggers”, which are certain typically work directly with situations that make people clients, and sometimes their want to drink alcohol or do families as well. drugs. - As mentioned above, - Triggers are often different for professionals in this field might everyone, and what triggers one help with a variety of mental and person may not trigger another. emotional issues. - Some people might drink or do - might also help his clients with drugs more when they are setting and achieving goals. stressed, while others might - offer encouragement and advice drink or do drugs more when on how to reach certain goals. they are around a certain crowd - To keep clients from getting of people. overwhelmed or frustrated, a - After identifying the triggers of a counselor might also teach them client, the counselor and the stress reduction and relaxation client work through the triggers techniques. together and find mechanisms to avoid them. Rehabilitation Counselors - will often work in hospitals and substance abuse rehabilitation - work with disabled individuals to centers, along with detention build skills, cope with feelings of centers, schools, and social and anxiety and depression, and find human service facilities. solutions to problems such as - Some might also choose to employment, chronic pain, open their own private practices mobility, transportation, basic as well. care, and more. - The goals and practice are Marriage and Family similar to many other Counselors professions that fall under the categories of psychology, - work with all different types of counseling and mental health married couples and families in - will use tests and other an attempt to repair volatile assessment tools to assess and relationships between involved understand a client's problem, parties.  - may specialize in working only - Help the client identify the with married couples or certain factors influencing their career types of families development, and help them - others may work with nearly any assess their interests, abilities, family that is having troubles. and values. - The goal is not necessarily to - in locate resources and sources cease all arguments, but to open of career information, and help the lines of communication them to determine next steps between married couples and and develop a plan to achieve other family members. - their goals. - not usually mean that families - Not tell them what to course or will not argue at all. job to take and do not advise - learn to discuss issues, or even them in course selection or argue more effectively. course and job scheduling. ___________________________ Community Counselors RIGHTS - attempt to solve widespread community problems that are - Human rights basic rights and social or psychological in nature. freedoms that belong to every - will often work with individuals person in the world, from birth as well as a community as a until death. whole. - They apply regardless of where - Once a community counselor you are from, what you believe recognizes the root of a problem or how you choose to live your plaguing a community, they will life. often attempt to fix the problem. - can never be taken away, - typically involves working closely although they can sometimes be with community leaders and restricted possibly creating community - for example if a person breaks outreach programs. the law, or in the interests of - Outreach programs may have a national security. number of different purposes, - are based on shared values like depending on the particular dignity, fairness, equality, problems of a community. respect and independence. - These values are defined and Career Counselors protected by law. - Help clients figure out they want out of their education, their career, and their life. The Different Rights of - have the right to limit the services provided (e.g., practice Counselors within qualified areas of Since all rights are defined and expertise and training). protected by law, our Philippine laws The Right to Healthy have given us the following rights for counselors. Some of the rights Professional Relationships counselors have are the following: - Right to be in good working relationships and treat all The Right to Set Working colleagues fairly. Agreements. The Right to Client Advocacy. - Counselors establish working agreements with supervisors, - Counselors strive to reach colleagues, and subordinates agreement with employers as to regarding counseling acceptable standards of relationships, adherence to conduct that allow for changes professional standards, house in institutional policy conducive rules, work load, time schedule, to the growth and development responsibility, and of clients. accountability. Working - have the right to act in the best agreements are specified and interest of their client(s) and made known to those maintain a professional concerned. relationship. The Right to Professional The Right to Coordinate with Growth. Other Professionals. - Counselors can participate in - Counselors can maintain proper in-service training for coordination with fellow professional growth and professionals in relation to development. counseling services and programs implemented in their The Right to Damage Control. workplace. - Counselors alert their employers The Right to Proper to conditions that may be potentially disruptive or Compensation and Respectful damaging to the counselor’s Treatment. professional responsibilities or - Expect clients will attend that may limit their effectiveness. sessions regularly, be punctual, and pay for services when  rendered unless previous Their responsibilities include: arrangements are made (e.g., insurance provider, social 1. To ensure familiarity with the service agency). Code of Ethics for Counselors, understanding its application to What Are Responsibilities? their professional and personal conduct, and striving to adhere Responsibilities to its principles and values - this means that - are things that a person is counselors should know expected to do. what the Code of Ethics - Rights, the powers given to a allows and does not allow person, have responsibilities and do their best to attached to them in order to use uphold the principles our rights to do what is right and stated by it just for ourselves and others - around us. 2. Commitment to the development - Rights are not always absolute of the well-functioning individual and therefore, require us to in a society utilizing his/her practice our duties and potentials to the fullest obligations in order to avoid misusing them. - Responsibilities, like rights, can 3. Maintaining a high standard of also arise from laws both professional competence and man-made and natural. ethical behavior thereby recognizing the need for What Are the Responsibilities and continuing education Accountabilities of a Counselor? - counselors should strive The different responsibilities of a to continue making counselor are outlined in the Code of themselves better by Ethics for Counselors. continuous learning and development training According to the Code of Ethics, counselors are accountable to the public and their peers, meaning 4. To respect the integrity and they are responsible for their treatment promote the welfare of their and professional actions towards their clients and work collaboratively clients, the general public, and their with clients in creating coworkers and other co-professionals counseling relationships that are in the field of counseling. consistent with client abilities and needs 5. Providing consultative services Ethics can be divided into only in those areas in which they three kinds: have demonstrated competency by virtue of their education and Mandatory Ethics experience - the barest and most minimum standards by which all 6. Maintaining harmonious working counselors should practice. relationships with other professionals in their work Aspirational ethics setting and affiliated organizations - the principles and values that show the highest standards of ethical practices. They are often 7. To inform the clients about the identified as “the best practices.” purpose of any evaluation and assessment instruments and Positive Ethics procedures and the meaning of evaluation and assessment - principles and values that results – Counselors should emphasize practicing the highest always give full disclosure to ethical values with respect to their clients in doing their human dignity rather than just assessments and programs and sticking to rules and regulations not keep anything substantial/important from their clients. The Code of Ethics for Registered and Licensed Guidance Counselors was created in order 8. Conducting activities for to: counselor education, training, and supervision that adhere to Promulgate the rules and current guidelines and standards regulations including the code of Ethics and conduct themselves in a for Guidance Counselors manner consistent with the Code and Standards of Practice Adopt measures necessary and proper for the high and ethical and professional standards in the maintenance of the practice of the profession Investigate violations of the Code of Ethics for Guidance Counselors  Render decision, order or Enhancing the quality of resolution or in preliminary in or inquiry professional knowledge and its against violators of the Code of Ethics application for Guidance and Counselors Responsibility to the society Issue, suspend, revoke or reissue any certification of registration —----------------------------------------- (Sec. 5, Powers, Functions of the The Code of Ethics for Counselors Board, Art. II of R.A. No. 9258, the and the Counseling Profession Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, Revised in 2006) requires the following to be done by the counselor: —----------------------------------------- What Makes Up Ethical and A. With Regards to the Unethical Behavior for Counselor (Article I) Counselors? - Abide by the ethical principle The Code of Ethics for laid down by the Guidance and Counselors and the Counseling Counseling Profession Profession bases the entire code on - the following principles and values: - Not misuse the professional Respecting human rights and relationship for profit, power, dignity prestige, or for personal gratification not consonant with Respect for the client’s right to the welfare of his Counselee be self-governing - - Realize that his professional time A commitment to promoting the and effort are fully, faithfully, client’s well-being conscientiously, and truthfully devoted to the accomplishment Fostering responsible caring and improvement of the Fair treatment of all clients and guidance and counseling the provision of adequate services profession - Equal opportunity to clients - Grow professionally and keep availing counseling services abreast with current trends in the guidance work through Ensuring the integrity of continuing professional practitioner-client relationship education and affiliate himself Fostering the practitioner’s with reputable and recognized self-knowledge and care for self  local, national and international guidance associations C. With the Community (Article III) - Establish a relationship between B. With Respect to the the community and the program Counselee (Article II) in a manner that benefits both - Respect the personhood and - integrity of the person with - Show sensible regard for and whom he works ethical recognition of the social - code and moral expectations of - Recognize individual differences the community in which he - works and strives to elevate the - Clarify his role the counselee understanding of its social and - cultural traditions - Establish a professional - relationship with the counselee - Attend to the needs, problems, aspirations, and human resources of the community in - Explain results of tests and other order to enable him to give diagnostic tools in a relevant service responses, and comprehensive and constructive to develop a wholesome manner community spirit - - Give information about the D. With Coworkers and counselee only to persons whom Colleagues (Article IV) the counselee allows and with the permission of the - Initiate peer relations and counselee/his/her guardian, maintain high standards of unless circumstances permit the professional competence in the counselor to share information guidance and counseling for the sake of legal duty discipline - - - Recommend a referral when the - Keep relationships on a counselee is not benefitting from professional level by refraining the counselor-counselee from petty personal actions relationship, but assume - responsibility until the person - Consult colleagues as a matter whom the counselor has referred of professional courtesy, when to assumes the counselee under planning to initiate a professional his care and service activity likely to encroach upon his/her colleagues recognized  academic disciplines or Who Are the Clients and researches Audiences of Counselors? - - Give accurate information and - The clientele and audiences of avoid any misinterpretations or counseling are everyday people. unclear explanations - Most of them do not need - clinical or mental help. They may - Hold responsible for proper be people who need answers in permission from and adequate very confusing times in their life recognition of authors and or those people who want to ask publishers of counseling and for advice as to the best way to testing instruments which he/she achieve a goal. uses and sees to it that - In some special and very psychological tests are specific cases, clientele of administered only by counseling may be people in professionally-trained and need of high specialized competent guidance personnel counseling services and needs, under his/her direct supervision. like people who are suffering from grief, loss, domestic E. When Undergoing and violence and other types of Creating Researches and abuse, or those coping with Publications (Article V) terminal or mental illness, death and those who are dying. - Undertake research to contribute to the advancement of the What an audience normally asks Guidance and Counseling for from counselors profession - In conducting research, adhere - is the application or to the highest standards of development of social skills, research methodology effective communication, - In reporting results of spiritual direction, researches, reveal the identity of decision-making and career the subjects of research only choices based on other relevant with the permission of the bodies of knowledge and subjects concerned and only for organizations that can help them professional purposes in choosing their course of - Acknowledge the source of action as wisely and soundly as his/her ideas and material in his possible. research as well as in his publications and recognize divergent opinions from responsible persons. What Do These Clienteles and Conflict Management Provider Audiences Need from Counselors? - People who need to know how to deal with and resolve conflict - Different clienteles and as positively as possible audiences mean various needs that might arise. Although two or Human Resources Personnel more people may share the Employees same problem, they are different people and therefore, would - who need information that need different things. Contexts covers their salaries, social also play a huge role in benefits, and remunerations as determining what the client well as intra office conflict might need to solve his or her resolution and discipline problem. enforcement - A counselor’s role helps in Marriage Counselors identifying the generic needs of the client coming to him or her. - Couples and/or families who Knowing a where to start is a have a hard time understanding great help in narrowing down each other, therefore needing what you can do to help your resolution skills, stress client get what he or she needs. management skills, or resolution of any threats to the family’s Role of Counselor Clientele unity and peace. and their needs - Also applicable in helping families undergoing the stress of School Guidance Counselor divorce or annulment to find healthy outlets and coping - Students needing personal mechanisms. guidance, career guidance and personal, emotional conflict Drug Abuse and Rehabilitation resolution Counselors Job Hunting Coaches - Addicts who need help in curbing their addictions in a - Unemployed people looking for healthy and wholesome manner. necessary information and Also applicable for people who avenues to look for jobs that suffer from bodily loss or mental best suit their capabilities and illness who may need to adjust interests. to the stresses of a new lifestyle. Bereavement Counselors The Group and Organization as Client of Counseling - People who have lost loved ones or family members and cannot - often come across in get over the emotional stress communities, organizations, and trauma, leading them to students in schools, teachers in unhealthy habits. This requires school, departments in work them to look for someone who places and other entities that can empower them to look for have more than one person in it. recovery or find some form of acceptance and healing from the - As a unit, they have needs that situation. unique to them in a group and organizational context. Abused Children/ Domestic - The needs can range from Violence Victim Caretakers conflict management, conflict resolution, productivity boosting - Victims that need a process of workshops to group dynamics restoring their dignity and counseling. self-esteem through recognition - An example of a tool used in and implementation of existing laws and recovery procedures in counseling a group would be coordination with relevant units class forums in order to solve and groups. class conflicts and personal conflicts. ________________________________ The Community as a Client of The Individual as A Client of Counseling Counseling - When people generally - This is the most common type of experience something troubling counseling done: the and problematic collectively, individualized type. counseling is necessary to be - Most of the time, what the undertaken on a community individual needs from the level. counselor is to help the client in - These sessions help the managing a life-changing event community find healing from the or personal problem or crisis traumatic event, find a solution well. They need someone who is to help these people living and capable of providing them sharing lives and culture in support and help in their unique comforting and supporting each circumstances. other as well as to deal with the aftermath of the event.  - An example would be the The Private Sector Setting creation of a reconciliation group - These have practitioners that are created for people who suffered independent providers of from war in Mindanao. counseling services. ___________________________________ Characteristics: Counseling discipline Counselors are independent in - can be found in many different providing services spheres of human development and Counselors can also be found caregiving, meaning that in it exists working for NGOs, or specialized for profit many settings that the counselor centers and organizations that give a works in. variety of counseling services Five Major Settings Where Processes, methods and tools used Counseling Can Be Found are almost the same for those in the government setting The Government Setting The Civil Society Setting Generally known as the setting with the widest connections, this deals with - space for collective action around counseling alongside government officials shared interests, purposes and and groups that have counseling services. values generally distinct from government and commercial for-profit actors (World Health Organization). Civil society actors Characteristics: can enhance the participation of Widest in connections communities in the provision of services and in policy Works in social welfare, correctional decision-making, especially for the departments, court systems, child and benefit of the marginalized and women affairs services, schools, military, unheard. police, government hospitals, mental and foster homes, and rehabilitation centers. Characteristics: Can also include specialized Focuses on actors and receivers of departments with counseling centers such collective action for shared interests that as intelligence-gathering departments, are distinct from government and private special advisories and presidential guards sectors (ex. World Health Organization) Commonly working in charities and issue-based centers or organizations (eg centers for abused women, abandoned children and elderly, veterans, teachers, Characteristics: professionals, religious groups) Assume responsibilities and tasks Generally in the interests of the based on the particular needs of students marginalized or minority sectors and the school context. Help students to learn effectively by addressing areas and challenges that may The Community Setting interfere with their learning - As a social unit with commonality Provide early intervention for the such as norms, religion, values, prevention of various school related customs, or identity, counselors in problems (eg suicide, domestic violence, this setting deal with the greatest child abuse, unwanted pregnancies, drug and widest application of addictions, alcoholism) counseling since the diversity of people making up a community is Role of counselors are hugely never ending. In this setting, needs consultative recognized and addressed in other Counselors are also assigned settings are also just as present. necessary non counseling roles (eg Characteristics: administrative roles, substituting for temporarily absent teachers, secretarial Greatest and widest in application duties) of counseling services Provide guidance and counseling in Generally diverse and cannot be dealing with peer relationships and social generalized through one setting interaction in an attempt to help each Community setting creates a bridge understand the other (Ward & Worsham, for the individual and group setting 1998) Provide guidance and counseling pertaining to educational and career The School Setting decisions as well as college placement counseling - focused primarily on the developmental needs of the The Counseling Process students. Given that students are all As a science, counseling follows a step by unique and have varying needs, the step process the practitioner has to follow school setting gives a more complex in order to get to the desired result of fixing set of roles for counselors. a problem. In offering a wide range of services to - fulfills the social welfare mandate to individuals, groups, organizations and promote well-being and quality of communities, there are five major life. processes involved: needs assessment, intervention/program design, - encompasses activities directed at implementation, monitoring and improving human and social evaluation. conditions and alleviating human distress and social problems through enhancing people’s competence and functioning, ability to access social supports and resources, creating human and responsive social services, and expansion of the structures of society that provide opportunities for all citizens. Social work What is Social Work?​ - Social work has evolved over time, but its core remains helping - promotes social change, problem individuals fit into their solving in human relationships and environments (micro practice) and the empowerment and liberation of changing the environment to better people to enhance well-being. support individuals (macro - Utilizing theories of human behavior practice). and social systems, social work - It focuses on both people and their intervenes at the points where environment, aiming to improve people interact with their society, enhance individuals' social environments. functioning, and facilitate better - Principles of human rights and integration within communities. social justice are fundamental to - Social work not only helps social work. individuals cope with issues like  anxiety, stress, or depression but - Empower people, individually and also connects them to community collectively, to utilize their own resources, whether government-run problem-solving and coping or private. capabilities more efficiently. - These support systems provide - Support a proactive position with relief and empowerment through regard to social and economic services such as shelters, job policy development to prevent training, employment opportunities, problems for individuals and rehabilitation, health services, and society from occurring. education, helping bridge - Uphold the integrity of the individuals to the larger community profession in all aspects of social and ensuring justice and fairness. work practice. - Establish linkages between people What are the Goals and Scope of Social and societal resources to further Work? social functioning and enhance - is noble and broad. the quality of life. Develop - help an individual be included in cooperative networks within the society and to transform the very institutional resource system. society that creates structures that - Facilitate the responsiveness of the marginalize individuals from full institutional resource system to participation in the enjoyment of meet health and human service social services and resources of the needs. community. - Promote social justice and - The main reason for this kind of equality of all people with regard to change is for not only the participation in society. betterment of one individual, but for - Encourage exchange of the betterment of the community information in those institutional for everybody. systems in which both problems and resources opportunities are Social Work aims to: produced.  - Enhance communication through 2. Respecting the right to an appreciation of diversity and self-determination. - Social workers should through ethnically sensitive, respect, promote and non-sexist social work practice. support people’s dignity and - Employ educational strategies for right to make their own choices and decisions, the prevention and resolution of regardless of their values problems. and life choices, provide - Embrace a world view of human that it doesn’t threaten the issues and solutions to problems. safety, and legitimate interests of others. 3. Promoting the right to participation. What are the Principles of Social Work?​ 4. Creating each person as a The Policy, Ethics, and Human Rights whole. Committee of the British Associationof 5. Identifying and developing Social Workers (2012) has the following strengths. principles that apply in general to other professionals in the social work profession. Principles Relative to Social Justice 1. Challenging discrimination. 2. Recognizing diversity. Principles Relative to Respect 3. Distributing resources. 4. Challenging unjust policies and for Human Rights practices. 1. Upholding and promoting human 5. Working in solidarity. dignity and well-being - Social workers must Principles Relative to Professional respect, uphold and defend Integrity each person’s physical, psychological, emotional 1. Upholding the values and and spiritual integrity and reputation of the profession. well-being. 2. Being trustworthy. - They must work toward 3. Maintaining professional promoting the best interests boundaries. of individuals and groups 4. Making considered professional and avoid harm. judgements. 5. Being professionally accountable.  ENABLER- helping people find solutions. What are the Core Values of Social Work 2. Advocates in management - Compassion – An important value 3. Teachers in information processing for humankind, but a requirement 4. Trainor for professional development for social work. The sympathy, 5. Planner for facilitating research & strong desire and readiness to take planning action for the suffering of others. 6. Activist in Social Action - Service – The action done to help 7. Catalyst of Community Service somebody or to give that person a favor. Social workers go beyond the Functions of Social Work pay and serve for the out of true 1. Counsel with individuals, facilitate compassion or generosity groups, work with families, refine - Social Justice – Giving everyone agency problems, initiate new what is due to him or her in terms of programs, lobby for legislative resources, opportunities, privileges changes, organize community and benefits. Social workers strive action,conduct needs assessments to make sure no one gets left and evaluate practice and programs behind. at various system levels and targets - Dignity and Worth of the Person - of change or social transformation. The status or quality of being 2. Enhance social functioning of worthy of honor or respect. Social individuals, families, groups, workers acknowledge that every organizations and communities. person is born with dignity and 3. Link client systems with needed worth, regardless of whatever resources. situation they have or are in. 4. Improve the operations of the social service delivery networks 5. Promote social justice through development policy Roles of Social Work​ 1. for families & individuals: Specific Work Areas of Social Work 1. Family and child welfare – services Career Opportunities of Social Work to families in situations that seriously 1. Child Welfare Administration & Elderly disrupt family life such as physical & care services mental illness, unemployment, 2. Obtain financial assistance and divorce etc. (and other similar things) medical care for the elderly Child welfare: such as adoption, 3. Work in clinics and community daycare, foster day care and care for treatment centers to provide children with disabilities. counseling to alcoholics and drug 2. Health – help patients and their abusers. families in clinics and hospitals and 4. Work as Social Planning practitioners. other health-care facilities. 5. Fieldwork involving organizing and 3. Mental Health – help people developing programs that deliver suffering from mental and emotional social services. stress. 6. Public housing projects to help 4. Corrections – get involved with people find dwellings for families programs concerned with the made homeless by urban crisis or prevention of crime and the natural calamities etc. rehabilitation of criminals and provide counsel to people who are on probation or on parole. 5. Schools –services given to students in schools with emotional disturbances or physical disabilities, provide help in terms of behavioral management and personal problems.