Muscles and Motion Study Guide PDF

What to know for the Muscle and Motion Test in HBS What you need to know: How are muscles named? Muscles can be named based on function and shape. Muscles can also be names by location, size, and number of origins. What are the muscle rules? -must have at least 2 ATTATCHMENTS and...

What to know for the Muscle and Motion Test in HBS What you need to know: How are muscles named? Muscles can be named based on function and shape. Muscles can also be names by location, size, and number of origins. What are the muscle rules? -must have at least 2 ATTATCHMENTS and must cross at least one joint -Muscles pull not push and only get shorter( only contract and pull on bones) -attachment that moves is called insertion and the one stationary is origin -muscles decreasing angle are known as flexors and those increasing are known as extensors -muscles work in OPPOSING pairs -muscle fibers point to the attachments and show direction of pull "Muscles Pull in Pairs, Origin to Insertion, Cross Joints with Care, Direction's Their Motion." How are muscles/muscles cells powered? -powered through atp PRODUCED through cellular respiration using oxygen. Label the muscle picture, endomysium, fascicle, perimysium, muscle fiber and what tissue binds muscle into functional groups Label microscope slide cardiac, smooth, and skeletal OIA of brachialis, triceps medial head, pec major all 3 heads, pec minor. Label the intercostals (no OIA)  Pec major: origin: CLAVICULAR HEAD,STERNAL HEAD RIBS 1-5, ABDOMINAL HEAD RIBS 5-7 -insertion: into the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus Action: adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint and clavicular head flexes shoulder Pec minor: Origin: 3-5 ribs near costal cartilages Insertion: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Action: stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall What is the role of calcium and ATP in muscle contraction? Calcium is crucial in the process of muscle contraction as well as the necessary energy of atp. CALCIUM INITIATES CONTRACTION BY ENABLING ACTIN MYOSIN INTERACTION WHILE ATP PROVIDED ENERGY FOR CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION. What is a sarcomere? What is the function? How does a sarcomere contract and lengthen to cause muscle contraction?  -A sarcomere is an individual unit in a muscle cell where muscle contraction takes place. How do nerves interact with muscles? Nerves interact with muscles by sending signals through the nervous system to produce muscle contractions and movements. What is Rigor Mortis Rigor mortis is Sliding Filament theory- steps. From Action Potential to contraction and relaxation (what happens to proteins and what molecules/ions involved) What is muscle fatigue? Why does it occur? What molecules are involved and how? Be able to name/label and know differences in structure for the following images: Describe This is skeletal muscle tissue. Where would you find this muscle? Describe This is smooth muscle tissue.  Where would you find this muscle? Describe This is cardiac muscle tissue Where would you find this muscle? This is found in the heart Can you explain muscle organization? Zoom in to the Myofibrils, explain what a sarcomere is.  This is the pec minor brachialis  -pec major muscle Three heads of pec major? JOINTS Joints types/classifications based on Movement Types of Synovial Joints, names, examples and motion -H—inge -B—all and socket  -S—addle -P—lane -P—ivot Range of Movement- directions of movement Label this joint and know functions of all parts (articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial membrane, fibrous capsule) What role do cartilage, ligaments and tendons play at the joint? What is Range of Motion? The amount of movement your muscles can create whether in the use of flexion or extension. What is a goniometer? Sequence the steps on how to use a goniometer? Goniometer is a tool to measure range of motion. What information do ROM measurements provide to the physical therapist?  Match the following actions with the correct range of motion pictures. 1. Shoulder flexion 2. Shoulder extension 3. Shoulder abduction 4. Elbow flexion 5. Shoulder lateral rotation 6. Shoulder medial rotation 7. Knee flexion 8. Ankle plantar flexion 9. Ankle dorsiflexion 10. Hip extension 11. Hip flexion BEFORE AFTER # and ROM A B C D E F G H What are the reasons to use KT tape? How does it help the joint (mechanism)? What patients should not use KT tape? How would you tape to promote drainage after an ACL tear? For ligament correction? Knee anatomy and role of all ligaments in this joint? Common causes of injury for each joint Label  Hyperextension? How to measure knee flexion ROM? Know how to read goniometer Valgus and Varus test? What is it?