Control Measures for OSH Hazards PDF

Control Measures for OSH Hazards According to Department of Labor and Employment (1989), there is a saying that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. The key to preventing accidents is identifying and eliminating hazards. A hazard may be defined as follows: A hazard is a condition or com...

Control Measures for OSH Hazards According to Department of Labor and Employment (1989), there is a saying that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. The key to preventing accidents is identifying and eliminating hazards. A hazard may be defined as follows: A hazard is a condition or combination of conditions that, if left uncorrected, may lead to an accident, illness, or property damage (Department of Labor and Employment, 1989). 2 Hazardous Workplaces a. Where the nature of work exposes the workers to dangerous environmental elements, contaminants or work conditions including ionizing radiation, chemicals, fire, flammable substances, noxious components and the like; b. Where the workers are engaged in construction work, logging, firefighting, mining, quarrying, blasting, stevedoring, dock work, deep-sea fishing and mechanized farming; c. Where the workers are engaged in the manufacture or handling of explosives and other pyrotechnic products; d. Where the workers use or are exposed to power driven or explosive powder actuated tools; e. Where the workers are exposed to biologic agents such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, nematodes, and 3 other parasites. Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials or Mists substances Corrosive Fibers Hot Dust Gases Toxic Fumes Irritating Vapor 4 General Rules Reduction of Hazards When practicable, harmless substances shall be substituted for hazardous substances or the process shall be revised to reduce worker exposure to the hazards 5 General Rules Control of Processes (1) Hazardous processes shall be carried on in separate rooms or building with a minimum number of workers equipped with suitable protective equipment and trained thoroughly in safety practices for daily operations and for emergencies. (2) The process or operation shall be carried out in an air-tight enclosure to prevent personal contact with the harmful substances and the escape of dusts, fibers, fumes, gases, mists, or vapors into the air or room in which persons work. (3) Where airtight enclosures or apparatus cannot be used, harmful dusts, fibers, fumes, gases, mists, or vapors shall be removed at or near their point or origin by means of fume chambers or suction hoods properly connected to efficient exhaust system, and (4) Control by general ventilation to provide a continual inflow of fresh air to keep the concentration of contaminants within safe 6 limits. General Rules Use of PPE (1) Workers shall be provided with and shall use personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with the requirements of Rule 1080. (2) Personal protective equipment shall also be used to supplement control methods when such measures cannot adequately eliminate the hazard or when other measures are not possible. 7 General Rules Marking of Containers Specific Labelling Requirements a. symbol of the relevant category of hazard of the substance contained; categories of hazards shall be explosive, flammable, oxidizing, toxic, corrosive and radioactive; b. trade name may be used in addition to the chemical name of the substance; c. a description of the principal risk or risks; d. a statement of the necessary precautions to be taken; and e. if necessary, a statement of the first-aid or other simple 8 measures to be taken in case of injury or emergency. General Rules Marking of Containers Other Aspects of Labelling a. Shape of labels - warning labels shall be in rectangular shapes; b. size of symbols - the height of the danger symbol shall be in relation to the size of the package or container upon which the label will be placed. c. text on the labels shall be adequate in sizes to be clear and legible, and d. in black on a white background. 9 General Rules Marking of Containers Marking of Labels All required markings shall be either lithographed or press- printed or engraved upon a paper label securely attached or applied to the outside surface of the container. Receptacles of over 18.92 liters (5 gallons) capacity may be marked with letters stenciled, stamped, or uniformly printed not less than 2.54 cm. (1 in.) in height. Marking shall not be defaced or obliterated by rain or other weather elements. 10 General Rules Marking of Containers Responsibility for Labelling a. The primary responsibility for the correct labelling of packages and containers of hazardous substances manufactured locally shall fall upon the manufacturers. For hazardous substances imported from foreign countries for purposes of distribution and retail to local users, responsibility for correct labelling of containers shall be the importer, distributor or retailer. 11 General Rules Marking of Containers Responsibility for Labelling b. When hazardous substances in a factory undergo a series of distribution or repacking processes over which the manufacturer has no contact, responsibility for labelling shall fall upon the distributors, wholesalers or retailers. (c). The employer shall be responsible for labelling hazardous substances for use in his workplace other than those supplied by manufacturers or distributors; 12 General Rules Marking of Containers Responsibility for Labelling (d). In case of transfer of hazardous substances from original containers to other containers, the employer shall be responsible for the proper labelling and identification of such substances; and (e) Unlabeled hazardous substances received by the employer shall be properly labelled and identified by him. 13 General Rules Marking of Containers Samples of Labels The sample labels in Figure 10a shall be used as guide. 14 15 General Rules Marking of Containers Condensing of Labels a. retains the symbol and the name of the product; b. retains the statement of hazards; c. considers omission of precautionary measures if they are clearly indicated in the symbol and in the statement of hazards; and d. includes precautionary measures for any additional hazards, which may be present because of the characteristic of the container, the nature of its use, and the training and experience of the user. 16 General Rules Testing Atmosphere The atmosphere of workrooms shall be tested periodically at such intervals as may be necessary but not longer than annually, to ensure that the concentration of irritating or toxic dusts, fibers, fumes, gases, mists or vapors are kept within the threshold limit values 17 General Rules Ventilation and Exhaust Equipment Ventilation and exhaust equipment shall be inspected and tested periodically for safe and efficient operational performance. 18 General Rules Prevention of Dust Accumulation (1) All parts of structure or equipment in which harmful dust is liberated shall be designed and installed so that the surfaces on which dust can accumulate are reduced to a minimum and shall be frequently cleaned. (2) In rooms where materials producing flammable dusts are processed, handled and stored; a. dusts shall be removed daily from floors, equipment and other horizontal surfaces, preferably by means of appropriate vacuum apparatus; and b. all fixtures, ledges, projections, bearings, sidewalks, ceilings and other parts shall be cleaned and freed of dusts at least once a week. 19 General Rules Prevention of Dust Accumulation (3) Floors: Where practicable, floors or rooms in which harmful dust is liberated shall: a. be smooth, impervious and easy to clean; and b. not be covered with loose sheets, metal or other materials under which dust can accumulate. 20 General Rules Cleaning Where toxic and irritating substances are being handled, manufactured or used, the floors, walls, structural surfaces, work benches, tables and equipment shall be thoroughly cleaned daily by means of vacuum cleaning, wet brushing or sweeping, outside of working hours 21 General Rules Precautionary Measures for Emergencies (1) Warning Devices: In all workplaces where hazardous substances are manufactured, handled or used, suitable warning device shall be installed wherever possible, to alert the personnel in case of the liberation of dangerous quantities of said substances. (2) Training of Personnel: Workers shall be trained on procedures to control the liberation of hazardous substances, eliminate pollution, and to evacuate from the affected area in an orderly manner. 22 General Rules Working Clothing (1) be removed before eating or leaving the premises and kept in places provided for the purpose; (2) not be taken out of the factory by the users for any purpose; and (3) be maintained in good condition and washed or cleaned at least once a week. 23 General Rules Spillage Spillage of irritating or toxic substances shall be removed as quickly as possible by the best technical and scientific means possible and available 24 General Rules Instruction on Health Hazards All workers shall be thoroughly informed of the health hazards connected with their work and the measures to be taken to protect themselves there from Meals The introduction, preparation and consumption of food, drink and tobacco in the workroom shall be prohibited 25 General Rules Personal Cleanliness All workers exposed to toxic substances which enter the body through ingestion, shall be required to wash their faces and hands thoroughly before eating, drinking, smoking or before leaving the premises 26 General Rules Time for Use of Washrooms (1) Irritating or toxic dry mineral or organic substances such as arsenic, chrome, lead, manganese, mercury, phosphorus, zinc and their compounds; (2) Superphosphates and their compounds; (3) Dust-producing toxic dyestuffs and pigments; (4) Dust-producing and coal-tar products such as pitch and soot; and (5) Radioactive substances. 27 General Rules Medical Aid All workers exposed to irritating or toxic substances shall be required to report promptly any physical complaints 28 Hot and Corrosive Substances Protection of Structure & Equipment In all workplaces where corrosive gases, fumes, mists or vapors are generated and liberated, adequate measures shall be taken to prevent damage to structural parts and factory equipment by corrosion 29 Hot and Corrosive Substances Handling (1) Corrosive or hot liquids should be handled in bulk by gravity system or pressure pump system, extending to the point or points of use to eliminate transporting in small container. (2) Emptying receptacles containing corrosives or hot liquids not provided with drain cock shall be by pumps, tipping appliances or other suitable apparatus. (3) Where portable receptacles are used for corrosive liquids, transport inside factories shall be affected without the escape of fumes or mists and preferably by mechanical means. (4) Receptacles shall be kept securely closed except during extraction of the contents. 30 Hot and Corrosive Substances Spillage of Acids and Alkalis (1) Floors in rooms where corrosive liquids are manufactured, handled or used shall be kept as dry as possible. (2) Spillage should be avoided. Spilled corrosive liquid shall be guarded until removed to prevent workers from stepping or getting into contact with it. (3) Spilled or escaping corrosive acid shall not be absorbed by sawdust, waste cloth or other organic materials but shall be flushed out with water or neutralized with chalk or lime. 31 Hot and Corrosive Substances Diluting Acids When diluting acid with water, the acid shall be poured slowly into the water, with constant stirring of the mixture. Water shall never be poured into acid 32 Hot and Corrosive Substances Physical Contact with Corrosive Substances (1) Workers exposed to physical contact with corrosive or hot liquids or to caustic compounds of calcium, potassium, sodium or their dusts, shall be provided with and shall use protective clothing and equipment conforming to the requirements of Rule 1080. (2) In workrooms where corrosive liquids are manufactured, handled or used, clean running water, and quick operating eye fountains and shower baths shall be installed and maintained in or adjacent to such workrooms readily accessible to all workers. 33 Storage Vats and Tanks (1) Vats, pans, and open tanks containing hot corrosive or toxic liquids shall, when the opening or top is less than 1 m (3.3 ft) above the floor or working level, be either: a. raised so the top will not be less than 1 m (3.3 ft.) from the floor or working level, or b. guarded on all sides by enclosures or by standard railings and when the top is less than 15 cm. (6 in.) above the floor shall be provided with standard toe- boards. The provisions of a. and b. shall apply to every vat, pan or tank irrespective of the nature of the liquid it may contain. 34 Storage Vats and Tanks (2) Where vats, pans or open tanks containing hot, corrosive or toxic liquids adjoin, the space shall be fenced. (3) Vats, pans, or open tanks containing hot, corrosive or toxic liquids shall be provided with pipes or drains of enough capacity to carry off the contents without spilling or their backing up on the floor. 35 Storage Vats and Tanks (4) Above-ground tanks containing hot, corrosive or poisonous liquids shall be: a. surrounded by pits, catch basins or depressions of enough size to hold the entire contents in case of rupture; and b. provided with overflow pipes leading to tanks or to safe places outside the building. 36 Storage Vats and Tanks (5) Walkways shall not cross over open vats, pans or tanks containing hot, corrosive or toxic liquids. Where it is necessary to install service walkways for access to agitator drives or valves or for taking samples, such walkways shall be: a. not less than 50 cm (20 in.) in width; b. provided on both sides with standard railings and toe boards; and c. always kept clean and dry. 37 Storage Storage Tanks for Non-Flammable Hazardous Liquids (1) Tanks used for storage of non-flammable hazardous liquids shall be: a. located above ground or floor level; b. supported so that leakage from any part of the tank will be noticeable; c. surrounded with pits, catch basins or depressions of enough size to hold the entire contents of the largest tank in the event of rupture; d. covered with protective paint to prevent corrosion from moisture or fumes; and e. provided with stairways or permanent ladders and platforms, where necessary, for convenient and safe access to all parts of the tank and with floors or platforms preferably of metal grating. 38 Storage Storage Tanks for Non-Flammable Hazardous Liquids (2) Tanks used for storing non-flammable hazardous liquids shall not be placed above passageways. (3) Tanks used for storing non-flammable hazardous liquids stored in pits below ground level: a. the pits shall be of concrete or masonry with enough space between the walls and the tanks to permit the passage of any person at any point; and b. the tanks shall be mounted 38 to 45 cm. (15 to 18 in.) above the bottom of the pit. 39 Storage Storage Tanks for Non-Flammable Hazardous Liquids (4) Pits containing sunken tanks used for storing non-flammable hazardous liquids shall be provided with covers and fixed ladders for safe access. (5) All control-valves for sunken tanks used for storing non-flammable hazardous liquids shall be: a. situated or of such design that they can be turned without any person entering the pit; and b. provided with locking devices operated from the outlets of the pit. 40 Storage Storage Tanks for Non-Flammable Hazardous Liquids (6) Workers entering storage tanks and pits containing hazardous liquids shall be provided with personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to the requirements of Rule 1080. (7)Tanks used for storing corrosive or caustic liquids shall be provided with: a. a permanent open wet pipe not less than 5 cm. (2 in.) in diameter at the highest point in the tank; and b. a drain connection at the lowest point in the tank discharging into a safe place. (8) Tanks used for storing corrosive or caustic liquids shall have the filling connections at the top and the discharge pipes 15 cm. (6 in.) above the bottom. 41 Storage Carboys for Acids (5) Adequate equipment shall be provided and used for the emptying of carboys. (6) Empty acid carboys shall be stored apart from filled carboys. (7) Empty carboys shall be thoroughly washed out by turning them upside down over and upward with stream of water and drained before they are stored. (8) Carboys together with their baskets or boxes shall be examined as to their condition before they are filled with acid. 42 Use of Lead and Its Compounds "Lead Compounds" means any organic or inorganic derivatives of lead 43 Use of Lead and Its Compounds Control Measures (1) A substitute substance or agent less injurious or harmful shall be used instead of lead such as zinc oxide or titanium oxide instead of white lead in paint manufacture. (2) Processes involving the use of lead and its compounds shall be enclosed and mechanical handling methods should be used or employed. 44 Use of Lead and Its Compounds Storage and Handling Stocks of lead materials shall be kept in special storage rooms outside the workrooms. Workrooms in which lead materials are handled shall be in relation to other parts of the shop of factory in as small an area as possible to confine the lead and to concentrate control measures in that area 45 Use of Lead and Its Compounds Local Exhaust System Properly designed exhaust systems, capable of carrying or drawing of air contaminants to maintain or control the threshold limit value of lead in the atmosphere, shall be provided for all processes which generate lead, fumes or dusts. The contaminants removed shall not be allowed to re-enter the workrooms or to pollute other parts of the workplace or the surrounding areas 46 Use of Lead and Its Compounds Personal Protective Equipment Appropriate protective equipment and clothing such as overalls, head covering, goggles, gloves, aprons and respirators shall be issued free of charge to lead workers by the employer who shall see to their proper use and maintenance 47 Use of Lead and Its Compounds Smoking or Eating Smoking, chewing, eating and the keeping of food in workrooms where lead or its compounds are used and handled shall not be allowed 48 Use of Lead and Its Compounds Storage Lockers Suitable storage lockers for street and work-clothes shall be issued to each worker exposed to lead and its compounds. Adequate washing facilities shall be provided 49 Use of Lead and Its Compounds Physical Examination Workers exposed to lead shall be subjected to periodic physical examination and laboratory examination at intervals of not more than six (6) months and where the degree of contamination rises above the threshold limit value, such physical examination shall be conducted at least once every three (3) months and a record of such examinations shall be open to authorized agents and to the exposed workers 50  “ Thank you and keep safe! 51