TLE 8 Occupational Health and Safety Procedures PDF

 **PLARIDEL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL** **Plaridel, Baybay City, Leyte** **[T]echnology and [L]ivelihood [E]ducation 8 (TLE 8)** **Quarter 1-Week 6-7-Learner's Information and Task Sheets** **"IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES"** Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\...

 **PLARIDEL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL** **Plaridel, Baybay City, Leyte** **[T]echnology and [L]ivelihood [E]ducation 8 (TLE 8)** **Quarter 1-Week 6-7-Learner's Information and Task Sheets** **"IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES"** Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Score: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Section: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ I. TOPIC: Practice Occupational Health and Safety (**TLE\_HECK7/8HSP-0h-8)** **III. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW** **A. Objectives** **a.) Identify hazards and risks** **b.) Control hazards and risks in the workplace** **c.)** Value the importance of occupational health and safety awareness  **Definition of Terms** **Bacteria -- a simple, single celled microorganism. They food, moisture and warmth to thrive.** **Electroshock - caused by touching exposed electrical wire or a piece of electrical equipment which is not grounded properly.** **Force Majure- a calamity caused by nature e.g. storm, flood, earthquake** **Grounded -- means that the electrical conductor is connected to the ground, which becomes part of the electrical circuit** **Hazard -- a situation that could be dangerous to people in the workplace** **Microorganisms --are living cells so small that they can only be seen in a microscope. They are commonly found to contaminate food -- bacteria, molds, and yeast.** **Molds -- also a microorganism, that has "furry" growth often found on spoiled food.** **Sanitation -- the science and practice of maintaining clean and healthy conditions of food production so that the food served to customers cannot make him ill.** **Toxin -- a poisonous substance that makes you sick**  **Information Sheet 1.1** **Philippine Occupational Health and Standards**                  Occupational Safety and Health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may involve interactions among many subject areas, including medicine, occupational well-being, public health, safety engineering / industrial engineering, chemistry, health physics and others.\  \                  The Occupation Safety and Health Center in the country is established by Executive order No. 307. The implementing rules and regulations are issued by the Employees Compensation Commission (ECC).\  \                  These Implementing Rules and Regulations are issued pursuant to the authority of the Employees Compensation Commission (ECC) under Section 8 of Executive Order No. 307 establishing the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC).\  \ The main objectives of the OSC are follows: - prevent, eliminate or reduce work-related injuries, illnesses and deaths - implement effectively occupational health and safety programs that will promote the health, efficiency and general well-being of the Filipino workers through the improvement of the quality of his working life that will enhance significantly the productivity of industries and business - maintain an expert intelligence and training center for industrial disease and occupational safety **HAZARDS AND RISKS AND ITS EFFECTS**\  \                  A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm. However, once a hazard becomes \"active\", it can create an emergency situation. A hazard does not exist when it is not happening. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an incident. Hazard and vulnerability interact together to create risk.\  \ **TYPES OF HAZARDS** - **Biological-** A biological hazard is one originating from an organism that is foreign (in presence or concentration) to the organism being affected. Many biological hazards are associated with food, including certain viruses, parasites, fungi, bacteria, and plant and seafood toxins. Pathogenic Campylobacter and Salmonella are common food borne biological hazards. The hazards from these bacteria can be avoided through risk mitigation steps such as proper handling, storing, and cooking of food. Disease in humans can come from biological hazards in the form of infection by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.  - **2. Chemical-**A chemical can be considered a hazard if by virtue of its intrinsic properties can cause harm or danger to humans, property, or the environment. Some chemicals occur naturally in certain geological formations, such as radon gas or arsenic. Other chemicals include products with commercial uses, such as agricultural and industrial chemicals, as well as products developed for home use. Pesticides, which are normally used to control unwanted insects and plants, may cause a variety of negative effects on non-target organisms.  - **3. Mechanical-**A mechanical hazard is any hazard involving a machine or process. Motor vehicles, aircraft, and air bags pose mechanical hazards. Compressed gases or liquids can also be considered a mechanical hazard.  - **4. Physical-**A physical hazard is a naturally occurring process that has the potential to create loss or damage. Physical hazards include, but are not limited to, earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes. Physical hazards often have both human and natural elements. Flood problems can be affected by climate fluctuations and storm frequency, both natural elements, and by land drainage and building in a flood plain, human elements. Another physical hazard, X-rays, are naturally occurring from solar radiation, but have been utilized by humans for medical purposes; however, overexposure can lead to cancer, skin burns, and tissue damage.  - **5. Ergonomic-**It is a physical factor within the environment that harms the musculoskeletal system. Ergonomic hazards include uncomfortable workstation height and poor body positioning. Ergonomic hazards are caused by poorly designed workplaces or processes. Examples are poor lighting, or a job that requires you to repeat the same movement over and over. An office receptionist that has to type an abundant amount of documents may be affected by ergonomic  hazards. If she/he is not seated they will have back pain, neck pain, bad eye sight and leg cramps. \                   **Effect of Hazards in Workplace** - **Mechanical Hazards**-The severity of the injury depends on mostly how the accident happens like slips, falls and entanglement. It is the responsibility of the company to make sure all risks are minimized. - **Chemical Hazards**-Everywhere around us see chemical and mixture of chemicals. Some chemicals are acidic while some are extremely volatile. The workplace health risks involved any particular chemical is hard to determine without first knowing what exactly the chemical is and what environment it is in. - **Biological Hazards**-Viruses, diseases and other forms of sickness and biological hazards are the hardest to manage when it comes to the workplace. The most common areas of transmitting disease are in public areas and at work so workplace health is seriously threatened by biological hazards. One more reason why biological hazards are hard to manage is their ability to travel from place to place. **Hazard vs. Risk**\  \                 ​The terms hazard and risk are often used interchangeably, however, in terms of risk assessment, these are two very distinct terms. As defined above, a hazard is any biological, chemical, mechanical, or physical agent that is reasonably likely to cause harm or damage to humans or the environment with sufficient exposure or dose. Risk is defined as the probability that exposure to a hazard will lead to a negative consequence, or more simply, Risk = Hazard x Dose (Exposure).  **Information Sheet 2.1\ **​ **SAFETY REGULATIONS​**                 ​1. ​**The Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999 The Clean Air Act** is the constitutional law designed to make sure that all Filipinos have air that is safe to breathe. Public health protection is the primary goal, though the law also seeks to protect our environment from damage caused by air pollution. In 1999, Congress enacted Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act, a landmark legislation setting a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all the people in the Philippines.\ \                  2. **Waste Management** is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. Waste Management program helps manage hazardous chemical, radioactive, medical and other wastes safely and legally. **Types of Waste\ **\                 ​ Waste includes all items that people no longer have any use for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already discarded. Many items can be considered as waste like household rubbish, sewage sludge, wastes from manufacturing activities, packaging items, discarded cars, old televisions, garden waste, old paint containers and others. Thus all our daily activities can give rise to a large variety of different wastes arising from different sources. A. **Solid wastes-** Solid waste is defined as any waste that is dry in form and is discarded as unwanted. It can describe the solid waste from general housekeeping as residential waste, refuse, household waste or domestic waste. Examples are plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trashes.  B. **Liquid Wastes**- Liquid waste includes human waste, runoff (storm water or flood water), sullage, industrial wastewater and other forms of wastewater from different sources. Examples are chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds. **Classification of Wastes According to their Properties\ \ **A. **Bio-degradable**- Biodegradable wastes are those that can be broken down (decomposed) into their constituent elements by bacteria and other microorganisms. The term can be applied to both liquid and solid waste. *Examples* are Human and animal wastes, food waste, paper, and agricultural wastes. B. **Non-biodegradable**- Non-biodegradable trash is any discarded item that cannot be broken down by living organisms. Non-biodegradable trash accumulates in the environment because it cannot return to its origins. *Examples* are plastics, bottles, old machines, containers and others. **Classification of Wastes According to their Effects on Human Health and the Environment**\ \ A. **Hazardous wastes** -- are unsafe substances used commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically. *Examples* are paint, motor oil, pesticide, drain opener, prescription drugs, air fresheners, batteries. \ B. **Non-hazardous** -- are safe substances used commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically. *Examples* are papers, cardboard, linings, wrappings, paper packaging materials or absorbents.\ \ **Process Flow of Waste Management**\ \                       ​The process flow refers to the **3 (or 4) Rs of reduce, reuse, recycle,** **and recover** which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability. The Rs are meant to be a hierarchy, in order of importance. However, the waste hierarchy has 5 steps: reduce, reuse, recycle, recovery, and disposal.\   ​                 ​3. **Disaster Preparedness and Management** aims to reduce, or avoid the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery.\  \ ***Disaster Management Cycle*** **Mitigation** - Minimizing the effects of disaster. *Examples:* building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education. **Preparedness** - Planning how to respond. *Examples:* preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning systems. **Response** - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster. *Examples:* search and rescue; emergency relief. **Recovery** - Returning the community to normal. *Examples:* temporary housing; grants; medical care.  **Information Sheet 2.2** **CONTINGENCY MEASURES AND PROCEDURES**                       A contingency plan is a written emergency procedures plan which describes what actions must be taken to minimize hazards from fires, explosions or unplanned releases of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil or water.\ \ **What Must a Contingency Plan Include?** A description of the emergency procedures to be followed by facility personnel in response to fires, explosions, or any unplanned sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to the air, soil or water;  A description of arrangements agreed to by local police departments, fire departments, hospitals, contractors, and state and local emergency response teams; An up-to-date list of names, addresses and phone numbers (office and home) of all persons qualified to act as emergency coordinator. When more than one person is listed, one must be designated as primary emergency coordinator and the others must be listed in the order in which they will assume responsibility as alternates; An up-to-date list of all emergency equipment at the facility, including the location and physical description of each item, along with a brief outline of its capabilities. Examples of emergency equipment include, but are not limited to, fire extinguishing systems, communications and alarm systems, personnel protective equipment, spill containment or clean-up equipment, and decontamination equipment; and **                  ​Isolation** refers to various measures taken to prevent contagious diseases from being spread from a patient to other patients, health care workers, and visitors, or from others to a particular patient. Various forms of isolation exist, some of which contact procedures are modified, and others in which the patient is kept away from all others.\   \                 **​ Decontamination** is the reduction or removal of chemical agents. It may be accomplished by removal of these agents by physical means or by chemical neutralization or detoxification.  **Information Sheet 2.3** **PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)** Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing , helmets, goggles, or other garment or equipment designed to protect the wearer\'s body from injury by blunt impacts, electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection, and job-\ related health purposes. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 12. Non-specialty safety-toe | | | protective footwear | | +===================================+===================================+ | 1. Non- specialty prescription |  | | safety eyewear | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 2. Sunglasses/sunscreen | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3. Sturdy work shoes |  | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 4. Lineman\'s boots | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 5. Ordinary cold weather gear |  | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 6. Logging boots | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 7. Ordinary rain gear |  | | | | | 8. Back belts | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 9. Long sleeve shirts |  | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 10. Long pants | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 11. Dust mask/ respirators used |  | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **OPERATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURE, PRACTICES AND REGULATION/EMERGENCY-RELATED DRILLS AND TRAINING** **FireSafety**\  \                  This refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the likelihood of a fire that may result in death, injury, or property damage, alert those in a structure to the presence of an uncontrolled fire in the event one occurs, better enable those threatened by a fire to survive, or to reduce the damage caused by a fire. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing, and those that are taught to occupants of the building. The fire drill runs long enough to adequately assess the expected responses of supervisory staff and the emergency procedures relative to the scenario expectations (if the drill is too short, it may not be possible to adequately assess whether sufficient staff have or will respond, etc.)  \ **Earthquake**\ \                  It is the shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity. *The following activities are to be undertaken:\ * \ **During the Earthquake\ ** \ Indoors Stay inside **Drop, cover and hold on**. Move only a few steps to a nearby safe place. Take cover under and hold onto a piece of heavy furniture or stand against an inside wall. Stay indoors until the shaking stops. Stay away from windows and doors. If you are in bed, **hold on, stay and protect your head with a pillow** **Outdoors** Find a clear spot away from buildings, trees, and power lines. Drop to the ground until the shaking stops.  \ **After the Earthquake**\  \ **Personal Safety** **Expect aftershocks**. Each time you feel one, drop, cover and hold on. **Check yourself for injuries**. Protect yourself by wearing long pants, a long-sleeved shirt, sturdy shoes and work gloves. **Listen to a battery-operated radio or television** for the latest emergency information. **Check others for injuries**. Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. **Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance\--infants, the elderly, and people with disabilities.** **Home** Inspect your home for damage. Get everyone out if your home is unsafe. **Fires:** Look for and extinguish small fires. **Gas:** Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noise, open a window and leave building. Turn off the gas at the valve. **Electricity:** Look for electrical system damage. Turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker if you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if smell hot insulation. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice. **Sewage, Water:** Check for sewage and water lines damage.   **First Aid**\ \                  ​It is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by non-expert, but trained personnel to a sick or injured person until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.\  \ *A good first aider must possess the following characteristics:* **Watchful** -- pay strict attention to the situation. **Resourceful** -- ability of devising ways and means. **Gentle** -- having a kind and calm characteristics. **Diplomatic** -- careful in saying a word not to upset other people. **Sympathetic** -- a mutual association or feeling to be shown to the victim. **Gladsome** -- possessing a good spirit, likely to display gloom.  \ ***General Directions for First Aid***\  \ 1. Give immediate action. Action taken needs to be careful not to cause panic. The first -- aider must remain calm all the times.\ 2. Keep the victim on its position; if possible lay him/her down.\ 3. Assess the situation. Examine the victim from injuries.\ 4. Plan action to be taken. It involves seeking expert assistance. **ACTIVITY 1: IDENTIFY ME** Identify the following by choosing the best letter of your choices in the box. Write your answers in your papers. 1.The collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. 2\. A cross-disciplinary areas concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. 3\. It refers to protective clothing or other garments or equipment designed to protect the body from injuries. 4\. The provision of initial care for an illness or injuries. 5\. A written emergency procedures plan which describes what actions must be taken to minimize hazards. **ACTIVITY 2: LETS MATCH IT** Match Column A with its meaning in Column B and write the letter as your answer. **[A]** **[B]** 1.  2. 3.  4**.** 5.  6\. 7.  8\. 9.  10. **ACTIVITY 3: COMPLETE ME** Complete the table by classifying the following wastes in the box and write the words in each column. ***BIODEGRADABLE*** ***NON-BIODEGRADABLE*** ***HAZARDOUS WASTES*** --------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ **ACTIVITY 4: LET'S EXPLAIN** Read and understand the questions and answer with your understanding. (for 5 pts each) 1. How will you dispose wastes correctly, especially today that you are at home? 2. Explain the importance of using PPE, especially for todays pandemic? **ASSESSMENT** Write **[T]** if the underlined statement is correct and **[F]** if it is not. 1.The [Waste Management Act] is the constitutional law designed to make sure that all Filipinos have air that is safe to breath. 2\. A good first aides must be [resourceful]. 3\. [Give an immediate action] is one general direction for First Aid 4\. [Emergency equipment] includes alcohol, and sanitizers 5\. [Fire safety] precautions reduce the likelihood of a fire that may result in death and injuries. 6\. [Disaster Preparedness Management], its goal is to foster a safe work. 7\. [Drop, cover and hold on], must be observed during earthquake. 8\. [Isolation] refers to various measures taken to prevent contagious diseases from being spread. 9\. [Preparedness] is one of the Disaster Management Cycle. 10\. [Fire safety measures], is an up- to -date list of all emergency equipment. **[ANSWER KEY]** ACTIVITY 3 --------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ ***BIODEGRADABLE*** ***NON-BIODEGRADABLE*** ***HAZARDOUS WASTES*** Paper Cellophane Motor oil Food waste Plastic bottles Battery Animal waste Old machines Pesticides Agricultural waste ***REFERENCES*** *K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum* *Technology and Livelihood Education -- Commercial Cooking* *https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-2.html*  **PLARIDEL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL** **Plaridel, Baybay City, Leyte** **Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE 8)** **Quarter 1-Week 6-7-Answer Sheet** **"IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES"** Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Score: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Section: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ *Note: You can use separate papers if necessary.* ACTIVITY 3 --------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------ ***BIODEGRADABLE*** ***NON-BIODEGRADABLE*** ***HAZARDOUS WASTES***