Occupational Safety and Health PDF

UNDERSTANDING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Objectives: Students will be able to understand, learn and discuss the basic concepts of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) towards an effective OSH implementation in the workplace. COST OF ACCIDENT (Iceberg Theory)...

UNDERSTANDING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Objectives: Students will be able to understand, learn and discuss the basic concepts of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) towards an effective OSH implementation in the workplace. COST OF ACCIDENT (Iceberg Theory)  Injury DIRECT COST  Sickness  Damage to Property  Legal Infraction & fines  Lost time man-hour INDIRECT COST  Productivity delays  Loss of business reputation “ACT OF OMISSION” HAZARD omitted the action which resulted in an accident PERSONAL FACTOR ROOT CAUSE “ACT OF COMMISSION” OF AN RISK committed the action which ACCIDENT resulted in an accident  CIRCUMSTANCES – UNSAFE UNSAFE ACT INCIDENT which could permit CONDITION acts that deviates dangerous the occurrence of an circumstances from a generally condition or incident/accident JOB that foretelling recognize way or event that an accident or specified methods occurred that FACTOR  DEVIATION – from condition that of doing a job and would lead to standard conditions is containing a which increases the an accident (equipment, hazard probability of materials, or accident environment) *slippery floor *exposed wiring *not use of PPE ACCIDENTS: 98% - PREVENTABLE 2% - NON-PREVENTABLE ACCIDENTS (HIENRICH SURVEY): 2% - ACTS OF NATURE 10% - UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY CONDITIONS 88% - UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY ACTS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONCEPTS & PROCESS Process of: IDENTIFYING workplace hazards EVALUATING risk to worker’s safety and health CONTROL relevant hazards 1. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION – process of finding and identifying 2 categories of hazard: 1. safety hazards – result to harm, injury - mechanical, ergonomic 2. health hazards – working condition which results in illness - exposure man – lack of behavior machine – hand tools, tables/chairs materials – substances, sharp tools method – task, working hours, teamwork, social support environment – expose to extreme light, noise, vibration 2. HAZARDS EVALUATION LOW RISK - pwede ra gihapon magpadayon sa trabaho - monitor MEDIUM RISK – control plan must be developed and implemented HIGH RISK – investigate the process - stop the process and implement controls HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS ELIMINATION SUBSTITUTION ENGINEERING ADMINISTRATION PPE RULE 1160 – BOILER Steam Boiler - closed vessel wherein steam or other vapor intended to be generated above atmospheric pressure by fire, other heat source Power Boiler - steam boiler with a working pressure exceeding 1.055-kg/cm2 gauge (15 psig) Miniature Boiler - a power boiler, which does not exceed: - 40.5 cm (16 in.) inside diameter - 106.5 cm (42 in.) overall length - 1.85 m2 (20 ft2) water heating surface - 7.03 kg/cm2 (100 psig) maximum allowable working pressure Low Pressure Heating Boiler - exclusively for operation at a pressure not exceeding 1.055 kg/cm2 (15psig) or (121OC). (250OF) Hot Water Boiler - completely filled with water Working Pressure - gauge pressure above atmospheric pressure in kg/cm2(psig) Boiler Horsepower - 0.95 sq. m. (10 sq. ft.) of heating surface for vertical tube boilers - 0.46 sq. m. (5 sq. ft.) of heating surface for other Any removal and/or change of a steam boiler shall be reported not later than thirty (30) days after the sale or transfer Boiler subjected to hydrostatic test shall be - test pressure equal to 1.2 times the maximum working - minimum temperature not be less than 2IOC (70OF) - maximum temperature 71OC (1600F) - under proper control, test pressure be exceeded by more than six percent (6%) During hydrostatic test, the safety valves shall be removed and the valves disc held down age limit of a horizontal return tubular boiler carrying over 3.5 kg/cm2 – 25 years second hand or rehabilitated boilers - tensile stress which shall not exceed 3,873 kg/cm2 and (55,000psi) - joint efficiency of not more than 90% - factor of safety of not less than five (5) Boiler rooms - 100 cm or 3.28 ft. (clearance) - two independent doors Wet-bottom stationary boiler shall have a space of not less than 30 cm. (12 in.) Hand-hole openings in heads or shells of power boilers shall not be less than 70mm. x 90 mm. (2 3/4 in 31/2 in) Each power boiler shall have - (1) safety valve if the heating surface is 46.5 m2 (500 ft2) - less and two (2) or more if the heating surface is over The safety valve or valves on power boilers shall be of sufficient capacity without allowing the pressure to rise 6% Safety valves discharge outlets for power boiler shall be located or piped out away from running boards and platforms, preferably not less than 3 meters. (10 ft.) above the platforms. Steam discharge outlets on boilers, except safety valves, shall be equipped with stop valves Pipes connecting water columns to power boilers shall not be less than 25 mm. (1 in.) On the fire box type of power boilers - less than 25 cm. (10 in.) below the lowest water line - less than 45 cm. (18 in.) above the mud ring Steam Gauges placed as: - free from vibrations - conveniently adjusted - clear and unobstructed view Water Gauge Glasses - not less than 12 mm. (15/32 in.) diameter Water gauge glasses on power boilers - 75 mm (3 in.) of water over the highest point of the tubes - 50 mm. (2 in.) of water above the lowest permissible level Miniature boilers operating on the closed system - provided with water level indicators of the glass bull’s eye type Each power boiler shall be equipped with three or more gauge cocks located within the range of the visible length of the water glass not be provided with gauge cocks - located not less than 70 cm. (28 in.) Fusible plugs - renewed not exceeding twelve (12) months - not be used on power boilers operating at pressures exceeding 17.5 kg/ cm2g (250 psig) Feed pipes shall be provided with a check valve near the boilers and a valve or stop cock between the check valve and the boiler. Miniature boilers shall be provided with at least one (1) feed pump maximum allowable pressure for low pressure steam - not exceed 1.055 kg/cm2g (15 psig) max. allowable working temp. near the outlets of hot water boilers - not exceed 121OC (250OF) Access doors in steel-plate low pressure steam boiler settings shall not be less than 30 cm. x 40 cm. (12 in. x 16 in.) Safety Valves - be sealed and adjusted to discharge at a pressure not exceeding 1.055 kg/cm2g (15 psig) Steam Gauges - not less than 2kg/cm.2g (28.5 psig) and the face of the pressure gauge not less than 75 mm. (3 in.) Pressure Combustion Regulators - prevent the steam pressure from rising above 1kg/cm.2g (14.25 psig.) Blowtorches shall never be used inside boilers. The amount of bulging on the boiler or fire box shall not exceed 2% of the area of the bulge Personal Protective Equipment – Rule 1080 Requirements in the Preparation of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Plans: - location plan - room layout - Installation and Foundation Plans - Foundation Design Computation - Detailed Construction Drawing - Sizes of Plans - Title Block - Installation RULE 1170 – UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSELS Unfired pressure vessels – closed vessel to hold steam, hot water, gas or air - not include portable cylinders for the storage of compressed gases Steam heated pressure vessels - airtight vessel or an open pan or kettle equipped with steam coil - used in cooking, distilling, drying, evaporating Water pressure tank - pressure vessel used for heating water by live steam/steam coil - storage of cold water Air pressure tank - used as primary and secondary tank with ordinary compression cycles - receiving its air supply direct from the compressor Refrigeration tank - used in refrigeration system Working pressure - gauge pressure or pressure above the atmospheric pressure in kg/cm2g (psig.) Handhole openings in pressure vessels shall be not less than 70 mm. (2 3/4 in.) in size Safety valves - have mechanical lifting devices to lift the valve disc from its seat when testing - shall be set within plus or minus ten percent (10%) of its designed pressure. - shall be provided with continuous drain Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Vessels - hydrostatic tests equal to 1.2 times the max working pressure less than 2 years for corrosive gases 5 years for other gas cylinders Cylinders marked for the purpose of identifying with - chemical symbols - chemical name and trade name All markings shall be located on or near the shoulder of the cylinder Metal stampings shall have a minimum height of 0.31 cm (1/8 in.) height of lettering by printing, stenciling, labeling - not be less than 1/25 of the diameter minimum height - 0.62 cm. (1/4 in.) When cylinders are moved by a hoisting mechanism, use properly designed cradle with suitable slings Vulcanizers and devulcanizers shall be installed above the floors high enough to permit piping valves and traps on the same floors as the vessels inspections shall be made of vulcanizers not exceeding three (3) months Safety valves for vulcanizers and open-steam type devulcanizers shall be attached directly to the shells of the vessels. Vulcanizers and open-steam type devulcanizers equipped with bolted doors shall be provided with hinged type door belts Quick opening vulcanizers doors shall be equipped with automatic interlocks telltale valves - reducing the pressure inside to atmospheric level before the doors can be opened Vertical type vulcanizers shall be provided with overflow pipes Alkali devulcanizers shall be provided with baffles directly on the inner shells Revolving spherical alkali devulcanizers: - individual motor drives - remote power controls - automatic interlocking devices Open Steam Heated Pressure Vessels - top edges of large open steam pressure vessels are less than 1.20m Wooden scrapers - for removing semi-solid or sticky finished products from steam Hot water pressure tanks - to withstand full boiler pressure automatic temperature regulator - set to prevent the generation of steam Safety Engineer – to examine frequently for leaks of steam Air receivers shall - protected from the weather Safety valves for air receiver shall be proportional to the maximum quantity of free air Air receivers shall be equipped at the lowest point possible with automatic drain traps Not more than two (2) refrigeration tanks shall be located one above the other within the same area between floor and ceiling Refrigeration tanks shall be equipped with stop valves at each inlet and outlet pipes. 2 pressure relief valves - when the capacity of the tank exceeds 140 liters a pressure relief device or a fusible plug - capacity of the tank is 140 liters RULE 1180 – INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Internal Combustion Engine - two or four stroke cycle piston engine where energy heat is develop by burning fuel mixture in combustion chamber Horsepower - amount of energy or work required to raise, create or force a weight of 33,000 pounds - 746 watts or 746 joules/second Engine room shall be at a minimum of 3.0 meters in height Clearance – minimum of 1 meter Normal atmospheric conditions shall be maintained in the engine room by natural or artificial ventilation Engines with “weatherproof” - a minimum of 1.5 m from openings in walls - 1.0 m from structures Engines rated at more than 50hp - shall be located in accordance with no. 10 Ventilation - to prevent a hazardous accumulation of flammable vapors or gases Rooms located within structures shall have interior walls, floors and ceilings of at least one-hour fire resistance rating Floor slabs or building footings shall be isolated from foundation base by at least 25 mm to eliminate transmission of vibration Foundation shall be concrete - class A mixture of 1part cement - 2 parts sand - 4 parts broken stone or gravel (50 mm. max.) Foundation shall be poured monolithically vertical and horizontal steel bars - to avoid thermal cracking Specified size of foundation bolts shall be used and surrounded by a pipe sleeve Minimum foundation bolts shall be at least 12 mm. in diameter Machine Guarding - Hot surfaces shall be provided with insulation or guarding RULE 1200 – MACHINE GUARDING Prime Mover - engine or motor operated by steam, gas, air, electricity - to drive or operate, either directly or indirectly other mechanical equipment Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment - transmitting power from prime movers to a machine Point of Operation - cutting, shaping, forming - where stock or materials is fed to the machine Flywheel - flywheels, balance wheels and pulleys - revolves with the crankshaft of an engine Transmission Machinery - shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, systems of tight and loose pulleys couplings, clutch - by which the motion of any engine is transmitted to or received by any other machinery Guarded - Shielded, fenced, enclosed - means of suitable enclosures, covers, or casing through “U’ guards, shield guards - to remove the liability of accidental contact Standard Machinery Guard - guard constructed as in Rule 1203 Standard Railings and Toeboards - railings and toeboards constructed as in Rule 1060 When an employer orders machinery, machine parts - shall be provided with all the protective devices No person shall remove any safeguard - unless such is authorized Warning signs with standard color shall be installed Guards - provide positive protection - prevent all access to the danger zone - protection against operational contingencies Small Guards - metal guards 75 cm (30 in.) height - surface area not exceeding 1 sq. meter (11 sq. ft.) - 1 cm. (3/8 in.) for solid rod - 20 mm x 10 mm x 3 mm (3/4” by 3/8” by 1/ 8”) for angle iron Braced Guards - framework of guards more than 75 cm height - surface area exceeding 1 sq. meter - 25 mm. x 25 mm. x 3 mm. for angle iron - 20 mm. (3/4 in.) diameter for metal pipe - guards should be rigidly braced every 90 cm. (3 ft.) Unbraced Guards: Wood Railings - top rail and post shall be 50 mm x 100 mm - intermediate rail shall be 50 mm x 50 mm or 20 mm x 100 mm Pipe Railings - top rail and post shall be 30 mm. - intermediate rail shall be 25 mm Structural Metal Railings - Top rails and posts of angle iron shall be 38 mm x 38mm x 5 mm - intermediate rails of angle iron shall be 32 mm x 32 mm x 3 mm Horizontal Overhead Belt Guards - more than 2.6m above the floor Fillers - made of solid sheet metal not less than 0.8 mm. in thickness - perforated sheet metal not less than 1.00 mm - woven wire not less than 1.6 mm Filler materials shall be securely fastened to angle iron framework with rivets or bolts Filler materials for pipe frame shall be made into panels with rolled edges Height of Guards – minimum of 1m Standards railing guards shall be placed not less than 380 mm nor more than 500mm Interlocks - to prevent operation of the machine unless the guard is in its proper position Wood Guards - shall be sound, tough and free from any loose knots - made of planed lumbed not less than 25 mm Centrifugal governors shall be guarded or enclosed in the same way as flywheels Revolving collars and couplings shall be cylindrical and no screws or bolts project beyond largest periphery If guardrails are used, the range shall be 50.8 cm (20in) Shafts shall be completely enclosed 2.13 m. (7 ft.) from the floor distance between two (2) pulleys - should be greater than the width of the belt Hood guards shall be provided on swing saws preferably hinged limit chains - to prevent travel beyond the front edge latches - to prevent the saw from rebounding counterweights - automatically return the saw Table Saws - Every circular and fed table saw shall be guarded by hood hood or guard shall extend at least 50 mm anti-kick-back device - to prevent the stock from being thrown back handle or lug - without exposing the operator’s fingers to the blade Fixed guards or enclosures - to guard the front and both sides to prevent the operator’s fingers Interlocking Gate Guard - not permit to operate until the hands of the operator shall have been removed Limited Ram Travel - not be more 10 mm Swept Guard - which throws the hands of the operator out of the way Pull-Out Protective Device - attached to the operator’s hands, wrist or arms Two Handed Trip Device - hands are used instead of feet to trip the press Pedal or Treadle Guards - to prevent accidental tripping RULE 1210 – ELECTRICAL SAFETY Installation - assemblage of electrical equipment in a given location “Approved” - acceptable to the Bureau after test Temporary Installation Certificate - for building construction - pending completion - for amusements such as ferris wheels 20 outlets – 4 kilowatts Duration of Temporary Certificate: for construction work and installation pending – 120 days Installations for amusements – 60 days RULE 1220 – ELEVATORS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT Elevator - hoisting and lowering mechanism equipped with a car or platform Hoistway - a shaftway for the travel of one or more elevators Buffer - designed to stop a descending car or counterweight by steering or absorbing Safety Counterweight - mechanical device attached to the counterweight frame to stop and hold the counterweight Elevator Pit - portion of a hoist extending from the level of the lowest landing door Elevator Landing - portion of floor, balcony, or platform to receive and discharge passenger Hoistway Enclosure - consisting of vertical walls or partitions Elevator Car - load carrying unit including the platform, car frame Car door or gate - system governing the starting, stopping, direction of motion Controller - serves to control in a predetermined manner the apparatus Emergency stop switch - causes the electric power to be removed from the driving machine Trunsom - panels used to close a hoistway enclosure opening Travel - vertical distance between the bottom terminal landing and the top Driving Machine - power unit, which applies the energy necessary to raise and lower the elevator Car Enclosure - the top and the walls of the car resting on Car Frame - supporting frame to which the car platform, sets of guide shoes are attached Car Platform - the structure which forms the floor of the car Dumbwaiter - hoisting and lowering mechanism with a car of limited capacity of 220 kg. (500 lbs.) Escalator - power driven, inclined continuous stairway Freight Elevator - an elevator primarily used for carrying freight Hand Elevator - elevator utilizing manual energy Passenger Elevator - elevator used primarily to carry persons Power Elevator - utilizing energy other than gravitational or manual to move the car Electric Elevator - power elevator, applied by means of an electric driving machine Hydraulic Elevator - applied by means of a liquid under pressure in a cylinder equipped with plunger or piston Direct Plunger Elevator - hydraulic elevator having a plunger or piston Electric Hydraulic Elevator - direct-plunger elevator where the liquid is pumped under pressure Roped Hydraulic Elevator - hydraulic elevator having its piston connected to the car with wire ropes Hoistways for elevators outside the buildings shall be substantially enclosed to a height of at least 3 m The floor shall be capable of sustaining a concentrated load of 136 kg Clearance between the sides of elevators cars and hoistway enclosure shall not be less than 1.9 mm RULE 1230 – IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING SYSTEM - in industrial and power plants - basis of stenciled or lettered legends Piping Systems - conduit for the liquids, semi-liquids, but not solids carried in air or gas Fire Protection Materials and Equipment - include sprinkler system and other fire protection equipment Dangerous Materials - materials which are hazardous to life or property Positive Identification - contents of piping systems in stenciled or lettered legends Identification by color or by colored bands - at frequent intervals on straight pipe runs Letterings on overhead pipe shall be placed below the horizontal center line of the pipe it may be desirable to label the pipes at junction points or points of distribution only standard sizes for letters in the use of stencils - 13 to 89 millimeters in height Tags - for identifying pipes with less than (3/4”) 19 millimeters in diameter Lettering or the background shall be in standard color IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING BY COLOR OR COLOR BANDS Water – GREEN Air – LIGHT BLUE Gases – YELLOW OCHRE Steam – SILVER GRAY Oils – BROWN Acids & Alkalis – VIOLET Other Fluids – BLACK Fire-fighting Equipment including detection – SAFETY RED Hazardous Services – SAFETY YELLOW Electricity – LIGHT ORANGE Communications – WHITE  STANDARD COLORS OF SIGNS FOR SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS IN BUILDING PREMISES RED – FIRE PROTECTION To call attention to fire protection equipment apparatus and facilities GREEN – SAFETY WHITE – TRAFFIC White, black, or a combination of these are the basic colors for the designation of traffic and housekeeping marking. Solid white, solid black, single color stripping or alternate stripes of black and white. YELLOW – CAUTION To designate caution and for marking physical hazards, such as striking against stumbling, falling, tripping, and “caught in between”. Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes, yellow and black checkers or yellow with suitable contrasting background shall be used in interchangeably, using the combination which will attract the most attention in the particular environment. ORANGE – ALERT To designate dangerous parts of the machines or energized equipment which may cut, crush, shock or otherwise injure, and to emphasize such hazards when enclosure doors are open or when gear, belt or other guards around moving equipment are open or removed, exposing unguarded hazards. BLUE – PRECAUTION To designate caution, limited to warning against starting, use of, or the movement of equipment which is under repair or being worked upon. PURPLE – RADIATION To designate hazards. Yellow is used in combination with purple for markers, such as tags, labels, signs and floor markers. RULE 1240 – POWER PIPING LINES Power Piping Line - all steam, water, air, gas, hazardous substances, oil piping - component parts such as the pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves Installation - assemblance or connection of power piping in a given location Cleared - acceptance by the Regional Labor Office Power piping shall be designed to be of sufficient strength Power pipeline shall be provided with safety and or relief valves Indicating and recording devices on power pipeline shall be protected against breakage or clogging reducing valves shall be provided on the low pressure side Pressure gauge in power pipeline shall be installed on the low pressure side Piping lines must be provided with loops and bends and expansion joints Welding in power piping lines – done by qualified welders All power pipelines shall have appropriate supports or hangers and guard provision against bumps All newly installed and repaired pipelines – Non-Destructive Testing - by Radiographic Examination (RT) or Ultrasonic Test (UT) Applied hydrostatic test is equal to 1.5 times - 24 hours for new installation - 4 hours for existing repaired/installation RULE 1410 – CONSTRUCTION SAFETY Sheathing - vertical member of shoring and timbering - resists pressure from side of an excavation Wale - longitudinal member of shoring and timbering - resists pressure from sheathing Strut - transverse member of shoring and timbering - resists pressure from sheathing or wales Scaffold - temporary structure of timber Standard or Upright - vertical member of scaffold Ledger or Stringer - a scaffold bracing Putlogs or Bearer - a scaffold member spanning between a ledger and a building wall Brace - holds standards or uprights in a fixed position Single Scaffold - platform supported by a single row Double Scaffold - platform supported on two rows Suspended Scaffold - by means of ropes or chains capable of being lowered or raised by winch, pulley Trestle Scaffold - supports for the platform are step ladders, tripods Hoist - a lifting machine with a carriage, platform or cage Lifting Appliance - a crab, winch, pulley block or gin wheel used for raising or lowering a hoist crane Lifting Gear - a chain sling, rope sling, ring, link, hook Mobile Crane - a crane capable of traveling under its own power Plant or Equipment - any plant equipment gear, machinery Permanent stand pipe - be installed progressively as the construction work proceeds. - have a hose outlet at least 4cm For continued lifting - a male worker shall not be made to lift 50 kg - for female, 25kg covered walkway for use by pedestrians – less than 2.3m Steps shall be taken to protect workers from falling materials, such as the provision of safety helmets and safety shoes Material or lumber with protruding nails shall not be used in any work All temporary structure shall be properly supported by the use of guys, stays, and other fixings necessary for stability during construction. Lumber structural steel shall be properly stored and secured against collapsing or tipping Cross pieces shall be used in a pile of lumber more than 1 m. (3 ft.) high Pipes and reinforcing steels shall be stacked in racks or frames Gangways and platforms shall not be used as storage The walls of every excavation over 1 m. (3 ft.) deep shall be supported by adequate shoring and timbering Shoring or timbering in excavation over 6.6 m. (29 ft.) deep shall be designed by a structural engineer and approved by the proper authority. Every excavation over 1 m. (3 ft.) shall be kept free of water at all times. Tools or materials shall be kept a minimum of 1 m. (3 ft.) away from the edge Every excavation shall have at least one (1) ladder in every 16.6 m. Timber/bamboo scaffoldings shall be limited to a height of 20 meters Scaffoldings left standing for four (4) months shall not be used Lumber with two (2) nail holes aligned crosswise or four (4) nail holes along its length shall not be used as horizontal load Every scaffold capable of supporting twice the maximum load Construction of Timber Scaffolds: Single Scaffold - at 1.18 to 2.43m apart - distance of 1 m from the wall - ledgers spaced vertically at 1.51m to 1.81m  - standard shall not be less than 8.9 cm diameter Double - outer row shall be at a distance of 1.22 to 1.32 m - size of the standards not be less than 10 cm Ledgers, standards and putlogs shall be securely fastened by bolts, dogs, or ropes. distance between two consecutive putlogs – for 3.2cm = 1 m - for 3.8cm = 1.5m Ladder Scaffolds or Ladder Jack Scaffolds - work is light - distance between the ladders is less than 3 m Trestle Scaffolds - not be used if the working platform is more than 5 m Outrigger Scaffold - within 8 cm. from the wall Bamboo Scaffold - for painting or light construction work - carry at least four (4) times the imposed load - only one worker allowed - maximum span between posts shall be 266 cm - over 6.6m (20ft) height (safety belt required) - maximum height allowed is 20 meters (60ft) platforms, runways and ramps - distance of more than 2 m platform with minimum width of 70 cm - runways and ramp shall be 45 cm for the passage of materials - not be less than 70 cm width When the platform is less than 2m: - for painters, decorators and similar types of workers, 30 cm - other types of workers and tools, 50 cm When the platform is more than two 2 m: - for men, tools and materials, 1 m - for men, tools, materials and vehicles, 1.5 m When they become slippery – sanding, cleaning Slope of runway or ramp shall not exceed 2 in 3 Every crane, crab and winch shall be provided with a brake to prevent the fall Every side of a platform more than 2.16 meters (6.5 ft.) high shall be provided with guard rails and toe boards. Shoring or other necessary measures shall be taken to prevent the accidental collapse of any part of the building No holes shall be drilled - within 3.3 m containing explosives - within 6.6 m being loaded with explosives RULE 1940 – FIRE PROTECTION AND CONTROL Fire-Rating - time duration to withstand a standard fire exposure test Flash Point - minimum temperature in degrees at which material will give off flammable vapor Wood-frame Construction - wooden frame-work forms - low:3 – mod:2 – high:1 Slow burning Construction - substantial masonry walls, heavy timber interior - low:7 – mod:6 – high:4 Fire-resistant Construction - fire resistant materials designed to withstand fire - low: no – mod: no – high:5 2 exits every floor – exit within 5 minutes Additional exits – 23 meters (high hazard) Industrial – 31m Business – 61m Commercial – 30.5m If automatic-sprinkler protection is installed: High hazard – 25m Mod. Or Low – 46m Stairs, platforms, stairways over 3 stories – incombustible materials Doors swinging on both sides, vertical-sliding doors, rolling shutters and revolving doors shall not be allowed as exits. private water supply reservoir – supply for 8hours less than 18kgs – 1.5 meter (eye level) more than 18kgs – 1m Class “A” hazards, such as wood, cloth, paper - foam, loaded stream, multipurpose dry chemical and water types Class “B” hazards, fires in flammable liquids, gases - carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, loaded stream and multipurpose dry chemical Class “C” hazards, electrical equipment - carbon dioxide, dry chemicals, and multi-purpose dry chemicals Class “D” hazards fire in combustible metals - dry powder extinguishers Toxic vaporizing extinguisher is not recommended for any type of fire light hazards Class “A” fires – small size – located not more than thirty (30) meters ordinary hazards Class “A” fires – moderate size - located not more than thirty (15) meters extra hazard Class “B” fires – severe - 2.7 kg dry chemical for every sixty (60) sq. meters deep-layer flammable liquid Class “B” fires - located not more than thirty (15) meters - every sixty (60) sq. meters of floor area Extinguishers shall be hydrostatically tested at least once in every five (5) years Flammable and Combustible Liquids - flash point of not more than 93.3ºC distance between two storage tanks shall not be less than three (3) ft. Tanks shall not be installed inside buildings except service or supply tanks with a capacity of not more than six (6) gals All buildings having two or more stories in height shall be equipped with fire alarm system Fire alarm boxes – Industrial and commercial: not more than 30m - Business: 61m Fire-exit drills shall be conducted at least twice a year When two or more establishments occupy a building, fire exit drills shall be planned as if there is only one (1) establishment RULE 1950 – PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS Pesticides - any substance or product, to control, prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate directly any pest Pesticide residues - the quantity of the original active which remain on a substance after weathering factors Fertilizers - any substance solid or liquid promoting plant growth, increasing crop yield or improving their quality Harmful fertilizers - which are infectious, irritating, toxic and flammable Agricultural pesticides - pesticides, which are to be used in agriculture Household pesticides - pesticides as used for the control of pests found in places of human habitation Structural pesticides - Homes-including but not limited to private homes, hotels - Buildings-including but not limited to schools, and hospitals - Lumber yards and other treating processing plant Organic fertilizers - basic ingredients are of plants and/or animal origin, decomposed biologically or chemically Mineral fertilizers - produced either synthetically or by the treatment of naturally occurring mineral Naturally occurring fertilizers - include guano, rock phosphate, limestone, dolomite Persons handling pesticides and fertilizers which react strongly to alcohol shall abstain from alcoholic drinks at least ten hours before and at least twelve hours after any work containers of pesticides and fertilizers labels: - Product information - Directions for use Volatile pesticides shall always be stored separately from other pesticides to avoid cross contamination Disposal of Unwanted Materials - returned to the supplier - buried deep in the earth - burned RULE 1960 – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES Occupational Health Services - responsible for advising the employers, the workers, and their representatives Occupational Health Personnel - qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or physician First Aid Treatment - adequate, immediate and necessary medical and/or dental attendance First Aider - any person trained and duly certified or qualified to administer first-aid by the Philippine National Red Cross Occupational Health Practitioner – licensed to practice his/her profession Emergency Treatment Room – equipped with the necessary medical facilities and supplies Emergency Clinic - enclosed area, room or building, located within the premises of the establishment Emergency Hospital: 5km – urban; 25minutes – rural occupational health personnel and the first-aiders - (8) hours refresher training course Occupational Health Physician: - Organize, administer and maintain an occupational health service program - Prevent diseases or injury in the workplace - Conserve the health of the workers through physical examinations - Provide medical and surgical care Occupational Health Nurse: - organize and administer a health service program - nursing care to injured or ill workers - Participate in health maintenance examination - Maintain a reporting and records system First-Aider: - immediate temporary treatment - maintenance of occupational safety and health programs - Maintain medical services and facilities Occupational Health Practitioner: - Advise the employers, the workers and their representatives - periodic inspection of the workplace - adviser to the employer, workers - reporting and records system QUIZ 2 1. ____ shall mean gauge pressure above atmospheric pressure in kg/cm2(psig). Answer: working pressure 2. On-duty personnel for engines requiring regular attendants shall be provided with ______ equipment appropriate for the hazard present. Answer: personal protective 3. The age limit of a horizontal return tubular boiler having a longitudinal lap joint and carrying over 3.5 kg/cm2 (____ psig.) pressure shall be twenty-five (25) years. Answer: 50 psig 4. Clearance around the boiler to the boiler room wall or any equipment shall be at least 100 cm (_____ ft.). Answer: 3.28ft 5. ____ shall mean a pressure vessel used for heating water by means of live steam or steam coil, or for the storage of cold water to be dispersed by means of pressure Answer: Water pressure tank 6. The permissible working pressure vessel shall be reduced to maintain a factor of safety of not less than ___. Answer: 5 7. LPG stands for Answer: Liquefied Petroleum Gas 8. Cylinders shall be legibly marked for the purpose of identifying the content inside with: Answer: chemical symbols, chemical name and trade name 9. A pressure relief device or a fusible plug, when the capacity of the tank is 140 liters (____ cu. ft.) or less. Answer: 4.94 cu. ft. or 5 cu. ft. 10. 1 hp to foot pounds per seconds Answer: 550 ft-lb/sec QUIZ 3 1. A platform supported on two rows of uprights or standards parallel to the wall of a building connected by horizontal ledgers and is independent from the building wall. Answer: Double Scaffolding 2. Fire Protection equipment shall be, provided in accordance with the requirements of Rule ___ Answer: Rule 1940 3. The walls of every excavation over ___ deep shall be supported by adequate shoring and timbering to prevent collapse. Answer: 1 meter 4. For continued lifting a male worker shall not be made to lift, carry or move any load over __ and female workers over __. Answer: 50kgs, 25kgs 5. _____ shall include conduit for the liquids, semi-liquids, but not solids carried in air or gas. Answer: Piping system 6. Assemblance or connection of power piping in a given location, designed for safety operation in accordance with the prescribed standards. Answer: Installation 7. Identification of piping by color or color bands for water and air. Answer: water – green; air - light blue 8. At least two exits shall be provided in every floor and basement of every workplace capable of clearing the work area in ___ minutes. Answer: 5 minutes 9. Fire-exit drills shall be conducted at least ___ a year to maintain an orderly evacuation of buildings, unless the local fire department requires a higher frequency of fire drills. Answer: 2/twice 10. Establishment/undertaking refers to the qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or physician, whose service/s have been engaged by the employer in order to provide occupational health services in the establishment/undertaking. Answer: Occupational Health Personnel 11. Disposal of unwanted materials shall be? Answer: return to the supplier - buried deep in the earth - burned 12. Any substance solid or liquid or any nutrient element or elements – organic or inorganic – singly or in combination with other materials, applied directly to the soil or to the plant for the purpose of promoting plant growth, increasing crop yield or improving their quality. Answer: Fertilizers 13. Any person trained and duly certified or qualified to administer first-aid by the Philippine National Red Cross or by any organization accredited by the same. Answer: First Aider 14. An employer may not establish an emergency hospital or dental clinic in his workplace as required in these regulations where there is a hospital or dental clinic which is located not more than ___ away from the workplace, if situated in any urban area, or which can be reached in ____ of travel, if situated in rural area. Answer: 5km, 2minutes 15. Class for occupational health services that physically under-developed or with correctible defects (error of refraction dental caries, defective hearing, and other similar defects) but otherwise fit to work. Answer: Class B