Concepts, Characteristics, and Forms of Stratification Systems PDF

Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… CONCEPTS, CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEMS Understanding Culture, Society and...

Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… CONCEPTS, CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEMS Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… OBJECTIVES : a.identify the concept of stratification using a pyramid of social classes; b.compare and contrast the characteristics of two forms of stratification systems using a Venn diagram; c.identify social mobility and social inequality in understanding stratification systems in sociological perspectives; and d.view stratification systems as a way for Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High social School mobility and a reason of social SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… The idea of rich and the poor may be too familiar to everyone. It can be seen in Pinoy teleseryes or Korean dramas that you watched back then, and it can be seen in reality just like in the society where you are belong. The activity that you encountered a while ago introduced you to the new lesson which is about categorizing individuals or group of people based on factors such as power, wealth and prestige. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… The idea of rich and the poor may be too familiar to everyone. It can be seen in Pinoy teleseryes or Korean dramas that you watched back then, and it can be seen in reality just like in the society where you are belong. The activity that you encountered a while ago introduced you to the new lesson which is about categorizing individuals or group of people based on factors such as power, wealth and prestige. This is called Social Classes and the layering of Dr. these socialMemorial Juan A. Pastor classesNational from High higher to lower class is called Social SENIOR HIGH Stratification. School SCHOOL  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Social stratification is defined as the hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social categories that may evolve into social groups together with statuses and their corresponding roles in the society (Cordero- McDonald, et al., 1995, 380). Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Social stratification is often classified into three major divisions of social class: upper class, middle class, and lower class Upper Class – This class in the society is described by the sociologists as elite individuals or group of people that are most prolific and successful in their respective areas. Ex. Stockholders and investors, Henry Sy, Sr., Lucio Dr. Juan Tan,Memorial A. Pastor Sr. and Manny National Pacquiao High SENIOR HIGH School SCHOOL  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… According to the “List of 50 richest Filipinos in 2014” of Pinoy Money Talk website (as cited by Lanuza and Raymundo 2016, 109), Henry Sy, Sr. and his family had a net worth of $12.7 billion, while Lucio Tan, Sr. and his family had a net worth of $6.1 billion. These people may own big companies and huge mansions here and abroad, mingle with the same class, own fancy cars, and value wealthy heritage. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Middle Class – These people are able to meet both their needs and wants without even worrying about their finances because of the job and salary they have. They live in spacious houses and situated in best suburbs. Their income can afford them a 10 comfortable lifestyle. They value education the most since education to them is the most important measure of social status. Ex:A.mostly Dr. Juan Pastor professional individuals Memorial National High or groups of people like SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lawyers, doctors, School managers, owners of small businesses in  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Lower Class – These are the skilled and unskilled artisan, farm employees, underemployed, and indigent families. Because of the given status in life, these people lack revenue or income and educational training or background. Without the proper education, some of them are jobless or have difficulty to find a job in order to make ends meet. They also lack support network that could lift them up. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… How did stratification system started? Remember the lesson about the earliest form of human societies. According to the sociologists and anthropologists, in earliest societies, people shared a common social standing; there was no social class back then. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… As societies evolved and became more complex, it began to elevate some members of the society through land acquisition and social status or social entitlement. In the earliest civilization, there were kings and priests as the upper class, scribes, merchants and artisans as the middle class, and slaves as the lower class. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Have you ever wondered why people don’t have the same status in life when they were born? Why are there rich and poor people in the society? Have you ever thought this idea wondering what if you were born rich? On the other hand, what if you were born poor? What if the society is some kind of Utopia where everything is just perfect and equal? Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… TASK 2: Direction: Making#MyJourney it as your own motivation to reach dreams and goals in life, set out the journey in the social class by relating your personal answers in the conditions set in each station. Write down your responses on the worksheet provided by the teacher. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… ∙ The Starting Point asks you to write your social class whether you belong to upper, middle, or lower class based on the factors such as power, wealth and prestige. There is nothing to be ashamed of being honest here. ∙ The First Station is for you to identify your dream profession that you wanted to be in the future. ∙ The Second Station is for you to state the reason whether your family can or cannot afford to support your dream profession. ∙ The Third Station is for you to write what are the other obstacles you may think you will encounter in achieving your dream profession. ∙ The Fourth Station is for you to write other ways to help yourself in supporting your finances as you achieve your dream profession. ∙ The Milestone Station is where you finally achieve your dream profession. On the box provided write your own motto in life that is connected Dr. Juan A. Pastorin Memorial achieving your goals High National or dreams in life. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… WHAT I HAVE LEARNED? Directions: Read carefully each item. Write only the letter of the best answer for each test item. 1.What does social class stratification primarily refer to? A) The ranking of individuals based on their age B) The hierarchical arrangement of individuals based on wealth, income, education, and occupation C) The cultural practices of different ethnic groups D) The geographical distribution of populations 2. Which social class typically has the highest level of education and income? A) Lower class B) Working class C) Middle class D)Juan Dr. Upper A.class Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  3. Which of the following is a common indicator of social class? A) Personal interests B) Income level C) Favorite hobbies D) Geographic preferences 4. What is one major cause of social class stratification in modern societies? A) Birth order B) Access to technology C) Economic inequality D) Geographic location 5. Which term refers to the lowest social class, often characterized by economic hardship? A) Middle class B) Upper class C) Working poor D) Professional class Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEMS Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Task 1: #PrivilegeWalk Instruction: To illustrate the concept of privilege in social stratification: The learners will line up and read statements related to privilege. The learners will step forward or backward based on their personal experiences. After the activity, the learners will engage in a reflective discussion about what they learned regarding privilege and inequality. Here are some statements related to student privilege that can help spark discussion or reflection in the classroom: ∙ Access to Resources: "I have access to books and technology at home that help me with my studies." ∙ Educational Support: "I can afford tutoring or extra help outside of school when I need it." ∙ Stable Home Environment: "I have a stable home environment where I can focus on my homework without worrying about other issues." ∙ Food Security: "I never have to worry about where my next meal will come from, allowing me to concentrate on my studies." ∙ Cultural Capital: "I have been exposed to cultural events and experiences that enrich my education and broaden my perspective."  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 1. UNIVERSAL BUT VARIABLE II. NOT A MATTER OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES III. PERSISTS ACROSS GENERATIONS IV. A SOCIAL BELIEFS Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… 1. UNIVERSAL BUT VARIABLE Social stratification is what we are talking about when we talk about social inequality and social mobility. Society categorizes people and ranks them in a hierarchy. Everything, from social status, prestige, to the kind of job one holds, or to the chances of living in poverty, is affected by social stratification. Stratification is universal but variable because it shows up in every society in the world, but how exactly it looks like, how it divides and categorizes people, and what the advantages or disadvantages are that come with that division - vary from society to society. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… II. NOT A MATTER OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES People are obviously different from each other, so we assume that stratification is just a kind of natural outc differences, but in reality, it is not. We know we can s effects of social stratification on people regardless of personal choices or traits. For example, children of wealthy families are more lik live longer and be healthier, to attend college, and to school as compared to children born into poverty. Mor Dr. Juan A. Pastor they are more Memorial likely National to be wealthy themselves when t High SENIOR HIGH School grow up.SCHOOL  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… III. PERSISTS ACROSS GENERATIONS Stratification serves to categorize and rank members of society across generations, resulting in different life chances. Yet generally, society allows some degree of social mobility, or changes in the position within the social hierarchy. People sometimes move upward or downward in social class, which is the basic concept of social mobility. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… IV. A SOCIAL BELIEFS A society’s cultural beliefs tell us how to categorize people, and they define inequalities of a stratification system as being normal, or even fair. If people don’t believe that the system is right, it won’t last. Beliefs are what make systems of social stratification work and it is through these beliefs about social stratification that inform what it means to deserve wealth, success, or power. Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  #STRATIFICATIONROLEPLAY Activity: The teacher assigns learners to different roles representing diverse social strata (e.g., wealthy executive, low-wage worker, single parent). The learners will create scenarios that reflect challenges and opportunities specific to each role, such as job interviews or accessing education. Afterward, discuss how class influenced their decisions. Objective: To understand the experiences of various social classes.  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… FORMS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEMS Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… 2 PRIMARY SYSTEMS OF STRATIFICATION CLOSE SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM OF OF STRATIFICATION STRATIFICATION INDIA’S CASTE CLASS SYSTEM SYSTEM ACRIBED STATUSES VARNAS ACHIEVED BRAHMIN STATUSES KHSATRIYA VAISHYA SHUDRA Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… CLOSE SYSTEM OF STRATIFICATION INDIA’S CASTE SYSTEM - One of the best-known forms of close system of stratification and still holds the part of rural India and has a strong legacy across the country. VARNAS – Traditional caste system that contains four large divisions which consists of: BRAHMIN – Priests, Academics in their native language, placed at the top of the hierarchy KHSATRIYA – rulers (kings), warriors, and administrators VAISHYA – merchants, landowners SHUDRA – or the commoners, peasants, and servants Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… The system required endogamy - marriage within your own caste category. In everyday life, the caste system determines whom one could interact with, and how, with systems of social control, contact between lower and higher castes is restricted. This whole system is based on a set of strong cultural and religious beliefs that living within your own category is a moral and spiritual duty - the reason why gods are on the top of the pyramid because caste system is governed Dr. by religious Juan A. Pastor beliefsNational Memorial of Hinduism. High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… OPEN SYSTEM OF STRATIFICATION CLASS SYSTEM - is one of the best examples of open system of stratification and is not based solely on ascribed status at birth alone. Instead, it combines ascribed status and personal achievement or achieved status in a way that allows some social mobility. Statuses are not the same. We get different statuses in different ways and chances. ASCRIBED STATUSES - which are assigned or given by the society or group based on some fixed category, without regard to a person’s abilities or performance. Examples of ascribed status are sex, family background, race, and ethnic heritage or wealth. ACHIEVED STATUSES - A person did nothing to earn these statuses, nor has control over these characteristics and had no opportunity or chance to choose family, sex, and race.  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL School  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… FUNCTIONALISM At the beginning, we may think of social stratification as merely only creating social inequality among groups of people. In some aspects of social life, it is true. But social inequality brought by social stratification base from wealth, prestige, and power of social groups, is indeed functional in the society according to Functionalist Theory. Every social class has its purpose or role to play a part in the society. We can’t expect the owner of a certain business empire to do a construction works; but instead, he will hire someone to do it for himself. The upper class, although they are getting richer because they have the capacity to exploit natural and man-made resources simply because they have the money. Their role in the society could create job opportunities for other social classes below them. In fact, there are jobs not requiring a college degree. In this sense, those who are not able to finish their studies can still 13 be hired. Those with college degree can  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… CONFLICT THEORY This sociological perspective is the opposite of the latter. Karl Marx viewed social stratification as creation of inequality between the rich and the poor, or the powerful versus the powerless. Let’s say for example: The bourgeois capitalists owning high-producing businesses or factories and hire people who work for them. They can enjoy the luxury of life because they earn billions of money. However, proletariats are the working class earned skimpy wages and experiencing isolation to the society. The very essence of life is to enjoy it with loved ones. However, working class did not experience this joy because they are isolated to do the labor for long hours each day to earn money at the end of the month. Marx argued that proletariats were oppressed by the money-hungry bourgeois.  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Symbolic interactionism view social stratification on a micro level where individuals affect others whom they have interacted because of their social class status. In most societies, people can only interact only to those with the same social class status. For an instance, it is rare for a royal prince or princess to marry a commoner because the commoner don’t have the same class status as to royal prince or princess. But now, there are royal marriages already break this tradition.  Building Characters…Creating Values…Transforming Lives… 3-2-1 EXIT NOTES… Direction: Answer the following statement accordingly. Write your answer in separate sheet. 3 Concepts I have learned from this lesson: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2 Important things that I want to remember about this lesson: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 1 Thing I have realized after studying this lesson: ____________________________________________________