Communicative English Listening Notes PDF

COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LISTENING Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING What we’ll learn today: - Listening and Hearing - Objectives of Listening - Types of Listening - Effective Listening Symbiosis School of Media and...

COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LISTENING Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING What we’ll learn today: - Listening and Hearing - Objectives of Listening - Types of Listening - Effective Listening Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING What is the difference between listening and hearing? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  Listening is NOT hearing  ACCORDING TO THE ELMHURST COLLEGE LEARNING CENTER, listening and hearing are not the same.  Hearing is the first stage of listening. Hearing occurs when our ears pick up sound waves which are then transported to our brain. This stage is our sense of hearing. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  Listening is NOT hearing  Listening is a communication process and, to be successful, is an active process. In other words, we must be an active participant in this communication process. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  Listening is NOT hearing  In active listening, meaning and evaluation of a message must take place before a listener can respond to a speaker. Therefore, the listener is actively working while the speaker is talking.  How can this happen? It is simple. Our thought speed is much faster than our speech speed. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  Listening is NOT hearing  Our thought speed is much faster than our speech speed. But be careful! Don't allow the thought speed to race into daydreaming. This habit will defeat our attempt to become an active listener.  The role of IMAGINATION. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING - Listening is the most important communication skill - We spend more time using our listening skills than any other type of skill - Real Listening is an active process - Listening requires attention Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  Effective Listening is the process of analyzing sounds, organizing them into recognizable patterns, interpreting the patterns and understanding the message by inferring the meaning  Many of the problems we experience with people in our daily lives are primarily attributable to ineffective listening or lack of listening Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  The First and foremost communication skill that we learn in our lives is LISTENING Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS LISTENING SPEAKING READING WRITING Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  FALLACIES ABOUT LISTENING  Listening is NOT my problem!  Listening and hearing are the same  Good readers are good listeners  Smart people are better listeners  Listening improves with age  Listening skills are difficult to learn Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  OBJECTIVES OF LISTENING  To learn  To increase one’s understanding  To advise or counsel  To relieve boredom (listening to music, eBooks, etc) Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS Research shows that one-quarter of our waking time is spent listening At the workplace, on average, personnel spend - 32.7% of their time listening - 25.8% of their time speaking - 22.6% of their time writing Effective listening is the most crucial skill for a good manager. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS Importance of Listening  Communication is not complete without effective listening  An attentive listener stimulates better speaking by the speaker  A good listener learns more than an indifferent listener  A good listener can restructure vague speaking in a way that produces clear meaning  A good listener learns to detect prejudices, assumptions and attitudes Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS REAL LISTENING Real listening has three basic steps  Hearing  Understanding  Judging Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS REAL LISTENING Real listening has three basic steps  Hearing means listening enough to say what the speaker is saying.  For example: If you were listening to a talk on zebras and you hear that no two zebras are alike, and you are able to repeat that fact, then you are hearing. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS REAL LISTENING Real listening has three basic steps  Understanding means you take what you have heard and understand it in your own way.  For example: You heard that no two zebras are alike. But you might think about it and understand that maybe it means that no two zebra stripes are the same. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS REAL LISTENING Real listening has three basic steps  Judging is when you go back and double- check with yourself that you have clearly understood what the speaker was saying, in a manner that was intended. Do you believe what you have heard?  For example: You think, ‘How could the stripes be different for each zebra? Then you think that fingerprints are different for each person. So, why not for a zebra? I think it is believable.’ Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  ACTIVE LISTENING PROCESS  Hearing  Filtering  Comprehending  Remembering  Responding Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  ACTIVE LISTENING PROCESS  Hearing is the first essential step in the listening process and relates to the sensory perception of sound. The listener further processes the perceived sound. For learning to be effective, hearing needs to be done with attentiveness and concentration Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  ACTIVE LISTENING PROCESS  Filtering  The next step involves sensing and filtering of heard sounds. The heard message is categorized as wanted or unwanted. The unwanted message is discarded. The sense of judgement of the individual comes into play, that is, the filtering process is subjective and a person chooses to retain what makes sense to him. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  ACTIVE LISTENING PROCESS  Comprehending  The listener understands what the speaker has tried to convey. This activity can be described as absorbing, grasping or assimilating. The listener uses his knowledge, experience, perception and cognitive power. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  ACTIVE LISTENING PROCESS  Remembering  The assimilated message is stored in memory to facilitate future recall. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  ACTIVE LISTENING PROCESS  Responding  Responding to a message takes place at the end of the communication, immediately after or later, to show that the message is being received and comprehended. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Discriminative Listening  Comprehension Listening  Evaluative Listening  Attentive Listening  Pretence Listening  Selective Listening  Intuitive Listening Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Discriminative Listening  It involves identifying the difference between various sounds. It also enables one to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar language. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Comprehension Listening  It involves attaching meaning to what is being listened to. It may also include comprehending the non verbal messages being conveyed by the speaker. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Evaluative Listening  It involves evaluating and analyzing the message being received. It involves judging the acceptability of what is said depending on how logical one finds it to be. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Attentive Listening  It involves paying attention to the words that are being spoken. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Pretence Listening  It involves more hearing than listening. It means pretending through facial expressions that one is listening when actually one is not. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Selective Listening  It involves selecting the desired part of the message and ignoring the undesired part of the message. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TYPES OF LISTENING  Intuitive Listening 1. It means listening through the intuitive mind by silencing the other forms of internal dialogues going on simultaneously.  Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING  Physical Barriers  People-related barriers  Physiological barriers  Psychological barriers Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING  Physical Barriers  Noise  Poor Acoustics  Defective mechanical devices  Frequent interruptions  Uncomfortable seating arrangements  Uncomfortable environment  Message overload Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING  Physiological Barriers  State of health (Fever or any physical illness)  Disability (hearing deficiences)  Wandering attention (ADHD, low attention span) Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING  Psychological Barriers  Being unsure of the speaker’s ability – The listener may not have confidence in the speaker’s ability to communicate ideas clearly  Personal anxiety – Listener is preoccupied with personal issues and anxieties  Attitude – The listener’s own know-it-all attitude Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING  Psychological Barriers  Being unsure of the speaker’s ability – The listener may not have confidence in the speaker’s ability to communicate ideas clearly  Personal anxiety – Listener is preoccupied with personal issues and anxieties  Attitude – The listener’s own know-it-all attitude  Impatience – Listener is intolerant to let the speaker finish.  Emotional Blocks – Deep-seated perceptions and notions about something may prevent the listener from listening to the speaker in an unbiased manner. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING SKILLS  TIPS TO BE A GOOD LISTENER  Give your full attention  Make sure your mind is focused  Let the speaker finish before you begin to talk  Listen for main ideas  Ask questions  Give feedback Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES https://agendaweb.org/listening/bas ic-intermediate-advanced.html Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.or g/skills/listening/b2- listening/business-interview Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.or g/skills/listening/b2-listening/digital- detox-podcast Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING EXERCISES Symbiosis School of Media and Communication QUESTIONS? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication THANK YOU! Symbiosis School of Media and Communication COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LISTENING Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING Appreciative Listening Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= OggYo4QTyZE Symbiosis School of Media and Communication APPRECIATIVE LISTENING How many rooms of paintings are in this exhibition? Is the first exhibit on the right or left of the hall? What is the name of the artist? What is the name of the art work? What is the medium used in the painting? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication APPRECIATIVE LISTENING What is the size of the canvas? How did the speaker describe the frame of the painting? How does she describe the overall atmosphere of the painting? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication APPRECIATIVE LISTENING What is her comment on the artist’s brushwork? What does the middle portion of the painting consist of? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication APPRECIATIVE LISTENING How many rooms of paintings are in this exhibition? Five. Is the first exhibit on the right or left of the hall? Right. What is the name of the artist? Piet Mondrian What is the name of the art work? The Gyne Trees Along the Water What is the medium used in the painting? Oil on Canvas Symbiosis School of Media and Communication APPRECIATIVE LISTENING What is the size of the canvas? 73 cm long X 53cm wide How did the speaker describe the frame of the painting? Slim, wooden frame How does she describe the overall atmosphere of the painting? It has soft, low light. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication APPRECIATIVE LISTENING What is her comment on the artist’s brushwork? The brushwork appears fast and unfinished at first, but there are several layers of paint on the canvas. You can get a sense of the texture of the canvas through the paint. What does the middle portion of the painting consist of? 11 trees that tilt towards the left. They have thin, spindly trunks. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication LISTENING Who bears the responsibility for effective communication? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 2wI0O-d2lDQ Symbiosis School of Media and Communication DEMONSTRATIVE LISTENING Make detailed notes based on these instructions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= ma-yCW3ZKno Symbiosis School of Media and Communication EMPATHETIC LISTENING Listening to a story https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= lj7Bujadj40&list=PL0gml3Zg1wRmis Ou6iL2YhxUEpmivWpfs&index=7 Symbiosis School of Media and Communication EMPATHETIC LISTENING  What are the names of the two main characters in the story The Lottery Ticket by Russian writer Anton Chekhov?  What is the annual income of the Dmitrich household?  Who buys the lottery ticket mentioned in the story? Yvonne or his wife?  What is Yvonne’s general attitude to playing the lottery? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication EMPATHETIC LISTENING  How much does the couple think they have won?  How much money does Yvonne want to spend on real estate from the winning prize money?  What is the theme of the story?  What is the main takeaway of the story? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication EMPATHETIC LISTENING  What are the names of the two main characters in the story The Lottery Ticket by Russian writer Anton Chekhov? Yvonne Dmitrich and his wife Masha. They are a middle class couple living with their two children.  What is the annual income of the Dmitrich household? 1200  Who buys the lottery ticket mentioned in the story? Yvonne or his wife? Masha.  What is Yvonne’s general attitude to playing the lottery? He despises it. Symbiosis School of Media and Communication EMPATHETIC LISTENING  How much does the couple think they have won? 75,000  How much money does Yvonne want to spend on real estate from the winning prize money? 25,000  What is the theme of the story?  What is the main takeaway of the story? Symbiosis School of Media and Communication THANK YOU! Symbiosis School of Media and Communication COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Sentence stress What is it? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Sentence stress Sentence stress is the emphasis placed on certain words within a sentence to convey meaning. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING "I didn't say he stole the money." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 1."I didn't say he stole the money." (Someone else said it.) 2."I didn't say he stole the money." (I implied it.) 3."I didn't say he stole the money.“ (Someone else stole it.) 4."I didn't say he stole the money." (He did something else with it.) 5."I didn't say he stole the money.“ (He stole something else.) Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING The stressed words alter the intended message, showcasing the importance of sentence stress in spoken language. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Word Stress What is it? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Word stress involves emphasizing specific syllables within words to convey meaning and clarity in spoken language. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING "In the quaint little village, there was a charming cottage with a picket fence. The villagers gathered in the town square, where colorful flowers adorned the market stalls. The peaceful atmosphere and friendly residents made the village a delightful place to visit. As you explore, you'll notice the picturesque landscapes and hear the laughter of children playing in the meadows." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING In this paragraph, certain syllables in each word are stressed to highlight their importance and convey the intended meaning. Word stress helps in maintaining rhythm, clarity, and overall comprehension in spoken language. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Intonation What is it? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Intonation, the rise and fall of pitch in spoken language, plays a crucial role in conveying emotions, attitudes, and shades of meaning. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Here's an example of a paragraph where intonation can alter the interpretation:  "Yesterday, I saw a cat on the street." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 1.Neutral Statement: If spoken with a flat or neutral intonation, it suggests a simple observation without much emotion or emphasis.  "Yesterday, I saw a cat on the street." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  "Yesterday, I saw a cat on the street?“ 2.Questioning Tone: If the pitch rises at the end, it turns into a question, indicating uncertainty or seeking confirmation about the sighting. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 3.Excited Tone: If there's a rising and falling pitch with emphasis, it suggests excitement or surprise about the cat sighting.  "Yesterday, I saw a cat on the street." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  "Yesterday, I saw a cat on the street.“ 4.Disbelief Tone: If the pitch falls on "cat," it conveys skepticism or disbelief, as if challenging the listener's reaction. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING These examples demonstrate how intonation can completely change the meaning and emotional tone of a statement, highlighting the importance of intonation in effective communication. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Newspaper reading and intonation Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Fiction reading and intonation Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Speaking in Formal Situations Effective communication in formal situations is crucial for conveying professionalism and ensuring clarity. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Share examples of formal situations. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Articulate Clearly Example: Instead of saying, "I dunno," say, "I do not know." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Speak at a Moderate Pace: Example: Avoid rapid speech by saying, "Let me take a moment to gather my thoughts before responding." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Use Formal Language Example: Instead of "kids," use "children" or "youth." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Mind Your Tone Example: Maintain a neutral and respectful tone, saying, "I appreciate your input," rather than sounding dismissive. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Avoid Fillers Example: Instead of saying "um" or "uh," pause briefly to gather your thoughts. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Employ Appropriate Vocabulary Example: Use professional terms like "collaboration" instead of casual phrases like "working together." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Practice Active Listening Example: Respond thoughtfully to a colleague's idea with, "I understand your perspective, and I believe we can integrate that into our strategy." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Structure Your Speech Example: Begin with an introduction, follow with main points, and conclude with a concise summary to provide a well-organized message. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Be Mindful of Non-Verbal Cues Example: Maintain eye contact, stand or sit with good posture, and use appropriate gestures to complement your speech. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING  Adapt to Your Audience Example: Tailor your language and level of formality based on whether you are speaking to executives, colleagues, or clients. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Remember that the key is to strike a balance between formality and approachability, adapting your communication style to suit the context and audience in formal situations. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Factors influencing style of speaking. - Setting - Topic - Social Relationship - Attitude - Language Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom activity: 1. Brainstorm the key elements that you would include in a formal self- introduction. (name, professional interests, career goals, etc) Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom activity: 2. Brainstorm the key elements that you would include in an informal self-introduction. (hobbies, interests, a bit about personality) Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom activity: 3. The Two-Minute Drill for both formal and informal introductions Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom activity: 4. Group Reflection. ◼ What are the challenges of formal/informal self-introduction? ◼ How would you describe your personal style for formal and informal introductions? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity 2: You are meeting an executive from a different branch of your office. - Introduce yourself - Explain the nature of the project you will be working on together - Ask for his/her inputs on the project - Steer the conversation to a lighter note Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity 3: Requesting and granting permission "Request permission to use the school auditorium for the event." "Ask if you can extend the event by 30 minutes." "Seek approval for a budget increase for decorations." Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity 3: Requesting and granting permission Discuss how tone, clarity, and politeness contribute to successful permission requests. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity 3: Requesting and granting permission Reflect on the importance of requesting and granting permission in various real-life scenarios. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity 3: Requesting and granting permission The Requester must seek permission in a polite and clear manner. The Grantor must respond appropriately by giving permission or explaining any conditions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies THANK YOU! Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Giving instructions and directions What are the guidelines one must follow? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Be Clear and Concise: Avoid unnecessary details and jargon. Clearly state the key steps or information without overwhelming the listener. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Use Simple Language: Choose words that are easy to understand. Avoid complex vocabulary or technical terms unless they are essential to the instructions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Provide Context: Offer relevant background information or context to help the listener understand the purpose and importance of the instructions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Organize Sequentially: Present instructions in a logical order. Arrange steps or information in a sequence that makes sense and follows a natural progression. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Use Visual Aids: Incorporate visuals, diagrams, or demonstrations to enhance understanding. Visual aids can provide additional clarity, especially for complex instructions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Check for Understanding: Encourage the listener to ask questions or seek clarification if something is unclear. Assess comprehension by asking follow- up questions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Avoid Ambiguity: Eliminate any ambiguity in your instructions. Be specific and leave no room for interpretation or confusion. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Consider the Audience: Tailor your instructions to the knowledge level and background of your audience. Adjust the complexity of language and depth of information accordingly. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Highlight Key Points: Emphasize crucial information by clearly indicating key steps, critical details, or specific actions that must be taken. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING 10 Essentials of Giving Instructions  Offer Feedback Opportunities: Create an environment where feedback is welcomed. This allows for continuous improvement in your instruction-giving skills and helps address any misunderstandings promptly. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity: Giving Instructions Making a paper boat Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity: Giving Instructions Obstacle course Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity: Giving Instructions Directions to reach home Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING Classroom Activity: Giving Instructions Recipe challenge Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Communicative English Graded Assignment 1: Making a Connection on Campus  Deadline: Monday, 12 February, 4 pm  Total Marks: 10  Type of assignment: Individual, written  Mode of submission: Please submit the assignment on Moodle before the deadline. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Objective: The purpose of this assignment is to enhance your interpersonal communication skills by introducing yourself to a stranger on campus and engaging in a five-minute conversation. This exercise aims to improve your ability to initiate and sustain meaningful interactions with people you may not know. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Instructions:  Part 1: Selecting a Stranger  Choose a person on campus whom you have never met before. This could be a staff member, teacher, senior student, someone you see in the library or in a common area. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Part 2: Introduction and Conversation  Introduce yourself to the chosen stranger. Begin the conversation by stating your name, major, and a brief background (e.g., hometown, interests).  Engage in a five-minute conversation with the person. The topic can be related to common interests, campus events, or any neutral subject that allows for a natural flow of conversation. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Part 3: Reflection  Reflect on the experience. Write a 500 word report covering the following points: Describe the initial feelings or apprehensions you had before approaching the stranger. Mention the stranger’s name, position on campus, how you chose him/her, and where and when you had the conversation. Detail the introduction process: what you said, the stranger's response, and any unexpected turns in the conversation. Analyze the non-verbal cues during the interaction. How did body language, eye contact, and gestures play a role in the conversation? Evaluate your ability to maintain a natural and engaging conversation within the five-minute timeframe. Reflect on what you learned from this experience and how it may influence your approach to future interactions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Submission Guidelines:  Submit your report in a typed, double-spaced format. Use a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial) with 12-point font size. Ensure proper grammar, punctuation, and spelling.  Mention your name, student ID, course title, and date of submission at the start of the report.  Submit your report on Moodle. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Grading Criteria:  Your assignment will be assessed based on the following criteria. Clarity and organization of the written report. Demonstrated understanding of effective communication strategies. Your ability to steer the conversation and hold attention for the full five minutes. Reflection on the experience and personal growth. Adherence to submission guidelines and the deadline. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRADED ASSIGNMENT  Remember, the purpose of this assignment is not just to complete a task but to actively reflect on your communication skills and identify areas for improvement.  Good luck! Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SPEAKING PRACTICE  Please come prepared to class on Monday, 12 February, with a short talk on a book that you want to read. Tell us why you want to read it, how you got to know of the book, when you plan to read it, and your expectations from it.  Hint: In the next Reading segment, you will be expected to read a book (the one you speak about, or another). Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies NEXT CLASS  Please bring a book to class. It should be a book that you would like to read. Get a fresh one from the library or one that you are already reading. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies THANK YOU! Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies The Joy of Reading HOW TO INCULCATE THE READING HABIT Books and doors are the same thing. You open them, and you go through into another world. - JEANETTE WINTERSON THE JOY OF READING This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC BENEFITS OF READING MENTAL STIMULATION STRESS REDUCTION VOCABULARY EXPANSION IMPROVED FOCUS AND CONCENTRATION TRANQUILITY BENEFITS OF READING STIMULATES GREAT CONVERSATIONS MEETING CHARACTERS THROUGH BOOKS LEARNING TO BE ALONE, HAPPILY IMPROVED CREATIVITY READING AS A DAILY HABIT IS SPEED READING A GOOD SKILL TO DEVELOP? READING AS A DAILY HABIT READING AS A DAILY HABIT MAINTAIN A READING JOURNAL This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC READING AS A DAILY HABIT A MIND MAP = A BOOK MAP This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA READING AS A DAILY HABIT A READING GOAL FOR THE YEAR This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY READING AS A DAILY HABIT WHAT KIND OF BOOKS SHOULD YOU CHOOSE? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC READING AS A DAILY HABIT MAKING IT A HABIT This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND READING AS A DAILY HABIT A SUCCESSFUL READING LIFE This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC READING AS A DAILY HABIT ACCESS TO GOOD BOOKS. WHERE TO GET THEM? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Books are uniquely portable magic. - STEPHEN KING QUESTIONS? The Power of Reading UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL WITHIN "Reading has the power to transform minds and open doors to new worlds." EXPLORE THE IMPACT OF READING ON COMPREHENSION, TECHNIQUES, AND ITS DISTINC T APPLICATIONS IN LEISURE AND BUSINESS.  IMPORTANCE OF READING Reading enhances cognitive abilities, critical thinking, and language proficiency. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC READING COMPREHENSION Definition: Understanding the meaning of written words. Strategies: Preview, Question, Read, Reflect (Recite), and Review (PQ3R). READING COMPREHENSION Definition: Understanding the meaning of written words. Strategies: Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, and Review (PQ3R). ACTIVE READING TECHNIQUES Explanation: Engaging with the text actively for better understanding. Techniques: Annotation, highlighting, and summarizing. READING FOR LEISURE Definition: Reading for pleasure and enjoyment. Benefits: Stress reduction, enhanced empathy, and increased creativity. Examples: Novels, short stories, and poetry. A room without books is like a body without a soul. MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO READING FOR BUSINESS Definition: Reading with a specific purpose for professional growth. Benefits: Improved communication skills, enhanced knowledge, and critical decision-making. Examples: Business reports, industry articles, and case studies. The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go. DR. SEUSS BALANCING LESIURE AND BUSINESS READING Finding a balance between reading for pleasure and reading for business is essential. What are the ways in which you can bring about balance? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE READING Skimming and Scanning: Quickly identify main ideas and specific details. Mind Mapping: Visual representation of information. Note-Taking: Summarizing key points. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC CREATING A MIND MAP A MIND MAP = A BOOK MAP This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA CULTIVATING A READING HABIT Encouragement: Start small, set realistic goals, and create a conducive reading environment. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY TECHNOLOGY AND READING Integration: E-books, audiobooks, and online platforms. Benefits: Accessibility and convenience. READING CHALLENGES Common Challenges: Lack of time, distractions, and difficulty focusing. Strategies: Time management, setting priorities, and creating a dedicated reading space. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC READING AS A DAILY HABIT MAKING IT A HABIT This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND READING AS A DAILY HABIT Reading is a powerful tool for personal and professional growth. Call to Action: Encourage continuous learning through reading. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Books are uniquely portable magic. - STEPHEN KING QUESTIONS? COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The group of students (is/are) planning a field trip. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. Neither the teacher nor the students (was/were) satisfied with the exam results. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. Each of the books on the shelf (belongs/belong) to me. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. My collection of stamps (is/are) extensive. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The dog, as well as the cats, (enjoy/enjoys) playing outside. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The cat (sleeps/sleep) peacefully on the windowsill. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. All of the employees (has/have) signed the new contract. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. Neither the teacher nor the students (was/were) aware of the change in schedule. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. Each of the pencils (needs/need) to be sharpened before the test. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The group of friends (is/are) planning a trip to the beach this weekend. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. My favorite pair of jeans (is/are) in the laundry basket. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The news about the accident (is/are) spreading quickly. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. Both of the options (seems/seem) reasonable to me. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The jury (deliberates/deliberate) on the verdict for several hours. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The herd of cattle (graze/grazes) peacefully in the meadow. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. None of the information provided (is/are) accurate. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. Every student in the class (has/have) to complete the assignment by Friday. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The committee (discuss/discusses) the proposed changes in the policy. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The stack of papers on the desk (needs/need) to be sorted. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. My family (enjoys/enjoy) spending time together on weekends. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The flock of birds (fly/flies) south for the winter. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The collection of rare coins (belong/belongs) to my grandfather. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The pair of shoes (is/are) too tight for me to wear comfortably. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The list of ingredients (is/are) printed on the back of the package. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. Each of the students (has/have) their own study habits. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The team of scientists (is/are) conducting experiments in the lab. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The box of chocolates (is/are) a gift from my friend. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. My bag of apples (was/were) left on the kitchen counter. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. None of the guests (has/have) arrived yet for the party. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR Identify the subject and the corresponding verb. The committee members (disagree/disagrees) on the best course of action. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies PRONOUN ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement  Instructions: Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Determine if they agree in gender and number. If they do not agree, correct the sentence. Each student must submit (his or her/their) assignment by Friday. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Somebody left (their/his or her) umbrella in the hallway. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. The team celebrated (its/their) victory with a party. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Neither of the boys remembered (his/their) lines for the play. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Every child must bring (his or her/their) own lunch to school. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Each student must complete (his/her/their) homework before class. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Neither of the girls remembered to bring (her/their) books to school. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Every dog owner should take responsibility for (his/her/their) pet's behavior. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Both of the cars need (its/their) tires checked before the trip. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Each of the employees received (his/her/their) performance review yesterday. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. None of the cookies were left in the jar; (it/they) were all eaten. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Everybody loves (his/her/their) mother, no matter what. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Somebody left (his/her/their) umbrella at the entrance of the building. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. The team celebrated (its/their) victory with a parade. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Nobody enjoys having (his/her/their) plans canceled at the last minute. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Each member of the choir brought (his/her/their) own sheet music. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Anyone who wishes to join the club must submit (his/her/their) application by Friday. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Each of the students presented (his/her/their) project to the class. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Neither of the kittens could find (its/their) way out of the maze. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Every member of the family has (his/her/their) own unique personality. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Both of the twins have (his/her/their) own room in the house. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Everyone is responsible for (his/her/their) own actions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Either of the candidates is suitable for the position; (he/she/they) both have impressive qualifications. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Each student in the group must contribute (his/her/their) ideas to the project. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Nobody should forget (his/her/their) manners when dining at a fancy restaurant. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. None of the students could believe (his/her/their) eyes when they saw the final exam results. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Either the blue or the green shirt is missing its button. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Every attendee must bring (his/her/their) own lunch to the picnic. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Both of the friends know (his/her/their) way around the city. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Identify the pronoun and its antecedent in each sentence. Anyone who violates the rules will have (his/her/their) membership revoked. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies  VERB TENSE Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Verb Tense  Instructions: Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence. By the time we reach the theater, the movie (start/ will start/ will have started). Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence.  She (study) diligently for her exams all week. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence.  The company (announce) its new product at the conference next month. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence.  Yesterday, they (go) to the beach for a picnic. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence.  By the end of the year, I (complete) my degree in engineering. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence. She (study) diligently for her exams all week. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence. The company (announce) its new product at the conference next month. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence. Yesterday, they (go) to the beach for a picnic. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense (present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect) to complete each sentence. By the end of the year, I (complete) my degree in engineering. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense By this time tomorrow, I (will have completed/complete) my assignment. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense She (has been/is) studying English for five years now. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense We (were/have been) friends since we were in elementary school. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense By the end of the month, they (will have saved/save) enough money for a vacation. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense He (was/will be) leaving for Paris next week. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense I (have never/never) seen such a beautiful sunset before. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense By the time you arrive, I (will have finished/finish) cooking dinner. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense They (were/have been) waiting for the bus for over an hour. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense I (will be/am) going to the gym later this evening. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense She (had/had been) living in New York for ten years before she moved to London. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense By the time he turns 30, he (will have traveled/travels) to every continent. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense The children (have/had) already eaten dinner by the time their parents arrived home. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense Tomorrow morning, they (will be/will have been) celebrating their anniversary for twenty years. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense I (am/will be) meeting with the clients at 10 a.m. tomorrow. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense She (had/has) never been to Asia until last summer. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense By next year, they (will have been/were) married for twenty-five years. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense The train (leaves/has left) the station at 7 p.m. every day. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense I (have/will have) finished my degree by the end of the semester. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense We (were/have been) planning this trip for months. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense By the time he arrives, the party (will have started/starts). Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense She (has/had) just finished her meal when the phone rang. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense They (will be/were) staying at a beach resort during their vacation next month. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense He (has/will have) completed the marathon by the time you arrive. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense By next summer, she (will have graduated/graduates) from college. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Choose the correct verb tense I (am/have been) working on this project since last Monday. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Articles  Instructions: Choose the correct article (a, an, the) or leave the sentence blank if no article is needed. I want to buy (a/an/the) new laptop. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Articles  Instructions: Choose the correct article (a, an, the) or leave the sentence blank if no article is needed. Have you ever been to (the/a/an) Eiffel Tower? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Articles  Instructions: Choose the correct article (a, an, the) or leave the sentence blank if no article is needed. She wants to be (a/an/the) doctor when she grows up. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Articles  Instructions: Choose the correct article (a, an, the) or leave the sentence blank if no article is needed. He is (a/an/the) excellent soccer player. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Articles  Instructions: Choose the correct article (a, an, the) or leave the sentence blank if no article is needed. I need (a/an/the) book to read for my English class. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Conditional Sentences  Instructions: Complete each conditional sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. If I (win) the lottery, I would travel around the world. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Conditional Sentences  Instructions: Complete each conditional sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. If she (study) harder, she would pass the exam. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Conditional Sentences  Instructions: Complete each conditional sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. What would you do if you (find) a wallet on the street? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Conditional Sentences  Instructions: Complete each conditional sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. If it (rain) tomorrow, we will stay indoors and watch movies. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies GRAMMAR  Conditional Sentences  Instructions: Complete each conditional sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. If I had known about the party, I (attend) it. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF-EDITING WHILE WRITING Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Self-editing is a crucial part of the writing process that helps polish and refine your work before sharing it with others or submitting it for publication.  Here are the steps you can follow for effective self-editing. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Take a Break: After finishing your draft, step away from it for a while. Allow yourself to gain some distance from the text, ideally for a few hours or even a day or two if time allows. This break helps refresh your perspective and allows you to approach your writing with a clearer mind during the editing process. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Read Aloud: Read your writing aloud. This technique can help you identify awkward phrasing, grammatical errors, and areas where the flow could be improved. Pay attention to how the sentences sound and whether they convey your intended message effectively. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Check for Overall Structure and Organization: Evaluate the structure and organization of your writing. Ensure that your ideas flow logically and cohesively from one paragraph to the next. Look for any sections that may need to be rearranged or expanded upon to enhance clarity and coherence. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Focus on Clarity and Conciseness: Clarify any ambiguous or unclear passages. Simplify complex sentences and remove unnecessary words or phrases that do not contribute to the meaning of your writing. Aim for clarity and conciseness to ensure that your message is communicated effectively to your audience. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Review Grammar and Punctuation: Check for grammatical errors, punctuation mistakes, and typographical errors. Pay attention to subject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency, proper use of commas, semicolons, and other punctuation marks. Use grammar checkers or style guides as tools to help you identify and correct errors. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Check for Consistent Style and Tone: Ensure consistency in the style and tone of your writing. Maintain a consistent voice throughout your piece, whether it be formal, informal, academic, or conversational. Make sure that your writing aligns with the expectations of your intended audience and purpose. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Verify Facts and Sources: If your writing includes factual information or references to external sources, double- check the accuracy of your facts and the reliability of your sources. Verify that any statistics, quotations, or citations are correctly attributed and properly cited according to the appropriate citation style guidelines. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Seek Feedback: Consider seeking feedback from others, such as peers, mentors, or writing groups. Ask for constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement. Fresh perspectives can help you identify areas of your writing that may need further revision or clarification. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Revise and Rewrite as Needed: Based on the feedback you receive and your own observations during the self-editing process, revise and rewrite your draft as needed. Be willing to make substantial changes to improve the quality and effectiveness of your writing. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Proofread Carefully: Finally, carefully proofread your revised draft to catch any remaining errors or inconsistencies. Proofreading involves a thorough review of your writing for spelling mistakes, typos, formatting issues, and any other minor errors that may have been overlooked during earlier stages of editing. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies SELF EDITING  Self-editing writing exercise.  Write a persuasive essay arguing for or against the use of Chat GPT in education. Consider the potential benefits and drawbacks of integrating Chat GPT into course work, especially student assignments. Support your argument with evidence and examples from research or personal experience. (300 words) Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies THANK YOU! Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING WHAT is Descriptive Writing? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Descriptive writing aims to paint a vivid picture in the reader's mind through the use of sensory details and descriptive language. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING What are the senses? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Descriptive writing is used across various forms of literature, media, and communication to evoke vivid imagery, create immersive experiences, and engage the audience's senses. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Here are some common areas where descriptive writing is typically used and proves to be useful. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Creative Writing: Descriptive writing is extensively used in creative writing genres such as novels, short stories, poetry, and plays. Writers employ descriptive language to vividly depict characters, settings, and events, thereby enhancing the reader's emotional connection to the story. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Travel Writing: In travel writing, descriptive language is employed to transport readers to different locations around the world. Travel writers use rich descriptions to capture the essence of a place, including its landscapes, cultures, and local customs, allowing readers to experience the destination vicariously. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Journalism: Descriptive writing is often used in feature articles and human-interest stories to provide detailed descriptions of events, interviews, or experiences. Journalists use descriptive language to bring stories to life and create a more engaging narrative for their readers. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Advertising and Marketing: In advertising and marketing, descriptive writing is used to create compelling product descriptions, promotional materials, and advertisements. Marketers employ vivid language to appeal to the senses and evoke positive associations with their products or services. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Film and Television: Descriptive writing is utilized in screenwriting to create detailed scene descriptions, character introductions, and action sequences. Screenwriters use descriptive language to convey mood, tone, and atmosphere, helping to bring scripts to life on screen. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Academic Writing: In academic writing, descriptive language is often used to provide detailed explanations, examples, and analyses of concepts or phenomena. Researchers use descriptive writing to convey complex ideas in a clear and accessible manner, aiding in comprehension and knowledge dissemination. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Nature Writing: Nature writers use descriptive language to depict the beauty and wonder of the natural world. Through vivid descriptions of landscapes, wildlife, and ecosystems, nature writers aim to inspire appreciation for the environment and promote conservation efforts. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Personal Narratives: Descriptive writing is commonly used in personal narratives, memoirs, and autobiographies to recount personal experiences and memories. Writers use descriptive language to convey the emotions, sensations, and impressions associated with significant events in their lives. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING There are guidelines and techniques that can enhance the effectiveness of descriptive writing. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING The most important ‘unstated’ but often used grammar rule is to use this order of description: Quantity Opinion/Value Size Age Colour Shape Origin Material Purpose Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING What the adjective expresses Examples Quantity four, ten, a few, several Value/opinion delicious, charming, beautiful Size tall, tiny, huge Temperature hot, cold Age old, young, new, 14-year-old Shape square, round Color red, purple, green Origin Swedish, Victorian, Chinese Material glass, silver, wooden Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING  Examples They have a lovely old red post-box. The playroom has six small round plastic tables. I bought some charming Victorian silver ornaments at the flea market. She is selling her flashy 3-year-old Italian car. It was a beautiful cold day. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Classroom Practice 1. Dog 2. House 3. Cake 4. Car 5. Book Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Tips for Descriptive Writing Use vivid sensory details: Engage the reader's senses by describing sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures. This helps to create a vivid and immersive experience for the reader. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Show, don't tell: Instead of simply stating facts or emotions, show them through descriptive language and imagery. Use specific details and examples to bring scenes to life and evoke emotions in the reader. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Use descriptive language: Choose descriptive words and phrases that appeal to the senses and create strong mental images. Use similes, metaphors, and other figurative language to enhance descriptions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Create a clear, coherent structure: Organize your descriptions in a logical and coherent manner. Start with an engaging introduction, develop your descriptions in the body paragraphs, and provide a satisfying conclusion. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Appeal to emotions: Use descriptive writing to evoke emotions in the reader. Describe scenes, characters, or events in a way that elicits empathy, sympathy, excitement, or other emotional responses. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Pay attention to pacing and rhythm: Vary the pace of your descriptions to maintain reader interest. Use shorter sentences and paragraphs for fast- paced action scenes, and longer, more detailed descriptions for slower, more introspective moments. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Use all five senses: Engage the reader's senses by describing not only what things look like, but also how they sound, smell, taste, and feel. This creates a more immersive and realistic experience for the reader. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Be specific and concrete: Use specific details and examples to make your descriptions more vivid and memorable. Avoid vague or abstract language, and focus on concrete, tangible details that bring your descriptions to life. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Use descriptive techniques: Experiment with descriptive techniques such as imagery, symbolism, and personification to enhance your writing. These techniques can add depth and complexity to your descriptions, making them more engaging and memorable. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Revise and edit: Take the time to revise and edit your descriptive writing to ensure clarity, coherence, and effectiveness. Pay attention to word choice, sentence structure, and overall flow, and make revisions as needed to improve your writing. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Classroom Practice Describe the last sunrise you watched. (200 words) Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies DESCRIPTIVE WRITING Classroom Practice Describe the last best meal you ate. (200 words) Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies THANK YOU! Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH JOURNAL WRITING Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING WHAT is Journal Writing? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING Journal writing is the practice of regularly recording one's thoughts, feelings, experiences, and reflections in a personal journal or diary. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING It is a form of self-expression and introspection that involves writing about one's daily life, observations, emotions, goals, and aspirations. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING Journal writing can take many forms, including free-form writing, structured prompts, creative expression through art or poetry, or specific types of journaling such as gratitude journaling or dream journaling. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING The purpose of journal writing varies from person to person but often includes self- discovery, emotional processing, goal setting, problem-solving, and personal growth. It is a private and intimate practice that allows individuals to explore their innermost thoughts and feelings in a safe and non-judgmental space. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING Tips for Journal Writing Setting Expectations: Establish clear guidelines for journal writing, including the frequency of entries, length of entries, and how you plan to keep it private. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING Tips for Journal Writing Exploring Different Journaling Techniques: Introduce students to various journaling techniques such as free writing, prompts-based journaling, gratitude journaling, and reflective journaling. Explain how each technique works and encourage students to experiment with different approaches. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING Tips for Journal Writing Time for Journaling: Stick to a preferred time of day. It is a good form of mental and emotional exercise, and it can be hugely cathartic. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING Tips for Journal Writing Reflection and Sharing: It is ideal for you to understand how you think, how you feel and what decisions will best reflect your personality. You can choose to share select journal entries with someone close, or not. The decision should be yours alone. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies JOURNAL WRITING Journal Writing Practice Reflect on a recent challenge you faced and how you overcame it. What did you learn from this experience, and how has it influenced your personal growth? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH Report Writing Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING What is Report Writing? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Report writing refers to the process of systematically organizing and presenting information in a structured format to convey findings, analysis, or recommendations on a particular topic, issue, or event. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Reports are typically written documents that provide detailed accounts of research, investigations, experiments, projects, or events, with the aim of informing, persuading, or influencing the audience. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Key elements of report writing include: Introduction: Provides background information on the topic, outlines the purpose and scope of the report, and previews the main findings or conclusions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Methodology (if applicable): Describes the methods, procedures, or approaches used to gather data or conduct research. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Findings/Results: Presents the main findings, results, or outcomes of the research or investigation in a clear and organized manner. This may include data, statistics, observations, or other evidence. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Analysis and Interpretation: Analyzes and interprets the findings to draw conclusions or identify patterns, trends, or implications. This section may also discuss the significance of the results and their relevance to the topic or problem at hand. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Discussion: Provides a deeper analysis or discussion of the findings, including their implications, limitations, and possible alternative interpretations. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Recommendations (if applicable): Offers suggestions, solutions, or courses of action based on the findings and analysis presented in the report. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Conclusion: Summarizes the main points of the report, restates the key findings or conclusions, and may provide final thoughts or recommendations. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING References/Citations: Lists the sources of information cited or consulted in the report, following a specific citation style (e.g., APA, Chicago). Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Report writing requires clarity, conciseness, objectivity, and accuracy in conveying information. Depending on the audience and purpose, reports may vary in length, format, and style. They are commonly used in academic, scientific, business, government, and technical contexts to communicate information and make informed decisions. Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies REPORT WRITING Classroom Practice Write a report about Sygnite for someone who did not attend the event. What would you include in the report to give a complete picture of the event to the reader? Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies THANK YOU! Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies