Common Bacterial Infections PDF

COMMON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS 1. Urinary tract infection- caused by Escherichia coli (gram negative bacillus) - Inflammation in the lining of the urinary tract *E.coli is a naturally occurring bacteria in ou...

COMMON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS 1. Urinary tract infection- caused by Escherichia coli (gram negative bacillus) - Inflammation in the lining of the urinary tract *E.coli is a naturally occurring bacteria in our intestines Symptoms: a. Frequent urination b. Pressure in the lower part of pelvis c. Pain when peeing d. Cloudy and foul-smelling urine e. Pain in lower back 2. Dysentery- gastrointestinal disease caused by a parasite or a bacteria a. Bacillary dysentery: Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, E.coli (all gram negative) b. Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis)- Entamoeba histolytica (parasite) Symptoms: a. Diarrhea b. Fever c. Nausea/vomiting d. Abdominal cramps 3. Cough and Pneumonia- normal unalarming cough is usually caused by a viral infection and the infection can disappear without any medication; bacterial infection cough is more serious and can eventually lead to a pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive); pneumonia is an inflammation and fluid in lungs caused by a virus, bacteria, or fungi. Symptoms: a. High fever b. Cough w/ yellow/green mucus c. Fatigue d. Rapid breathing e. Shortness of breath f. Chills g. Chest pain h. Loss of appetite 4. Stomach ulcer- an erosion of the mucosal lining of the stomach/ duodenum ( duodenal ulcer) - Caused by a Helicobacter pylori (gram negative) Symptoms: a. Burning sensation in the stomach b. Bloating c. Indigestion d. Heartburn/ reflux e. False hunger f. Dizziness  5. Strep throat- caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (gram positive) Symptoms: a. Sore/scratchy throat b. Painful swallowing c. Swollen tonsils d. Red spots on the roof of the mouth e. Headache/fever f. Rash 6. Botulism- caused by Clostridium botulinum (gram positive)- a bacteria producing poison (toxin) that attacks the nervous system; a spore forming bacilli Symptoms: a. Drooping eyelids b. Blurred/double vision c. Dry mouth d. Slurred speech e. Difficulty swallowing/ breathing f. Weakness/ paralysis g. Nausea/ vomiting Types:  Foodborne- from contaminated food/ rotten food  Infant botulism- from soil/ dust that can infect infants; also found in honey which infants below 1 year old can be infected  Wound botulism- wound infected by the toxin 7. Pulmonary tuberculosis- bacterial infection in the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (gram positive); the infection can spread to other organs in the body; asymptomatic TB is called inactive. Symptoms: a. Persistent cough b. Excessive sweating particularly at night c. Fatigue d. Weight loss e. Chest pain f. Loss of appetite 8. Pertussis (whooping cough)- caused by Bordetella pertussis (gram negative) Early symptoms: a. Slight fever b. Occasional cough c. Runny nose d. Paused breathing in babies 1ST and 2nd week: a. Violent coughing b. Whooping sound when inhaling  c. Vomiting d. Exhaustion 9. Cholera- caused by Vibrio cholerae (gram negative) Symptoms: a. Diarrhea b. Intense thirst c. Low amounts of urine d. Muscle cramps e. Restlessness/ irritability f. Vomiting/ weakness 10. Leptospirosis- caused by Leptospira (gram negative) Symptoms: a. High fever b. Red eyes c. Chills d. Abdominal pain e. Yellow skin/ eyes f. Rashes g. Vomiting/ diarrhea/ nausea 11. Meningitis- caused by Neisseria meningitidis (gram negative) (kidney-bean shape) Symptoms: a. Sensitivity to light (photophobia) b. Cold hands and feet c. Joint and muscle pain d. Diarrhea e. Dark purple/red rash f. Rapid breathing 12. Tetanus- also called lockjaw which is a stiffness of the muscle surrounding the jaw and neck; caused by Clostridium tetani (gram positive bacilli) - This bacterium is found in soil which can also be present in metals, thorns, and wood. Symptoms: a. Fever b. Tension of the muscle around the lips producing a persistent grin c. Muscle spasm d. Difficulty swallowing e. Back muscle spasms causing arching (opisthotonos) 13. Anthrax- caused by Bacillus anthracis (gram positive bacilli) - Most common in livestock animals Symptoms:  a. Fever/chills b. Swelling of neck/ neck glands c. Sore throat d. Diarrhea e. Headache f. Red face/ red eyes g. Stomach pain 14. Gonorrhea- a sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhea (gram negative kidney bean shape); can be passed by a pregnant mother to her baby; can cause liver inflammation, heart and brain damage if left untreated Symptoms in women: a. Unusual vaginal discharge b. Pain during sex c. Bleeding between periods d. Pain/ burning when peeing e. Pain in lower abdomen/ pelvis Symptoms in men: a. White, yellow, or green discharge b. Testicular pain due to swelling c. Pain/ burning when peeing 15. Syphilis- an STI caused by Treponema pallidum (gram negative spiral/spirochete shape) 4 stages: 1. Primary- hard sore chancre in the mouth or genital 2. Secondary- rashes in the entire body 3. Latent- mild flare ups; can damage heart, bone, nerve, organs 4. Late/ tertiary- brain damage, dementia, seizure, heart disease, loss of vision