CNS Exam 2020 - Blank Copy PDF

____________________________________________________________________________ Dent 625-Physio 725 Fall 2020 Block 3 Test Adair - Confidential Your Name: Your ID: # of Questions: 45 Total Exam Points: 45.00 ___________________________________________________...

____________________________________________________________________________ Dent 625-Physio 725 Fall 2020 Block 3 Test Adair - Confidential Your Name: Your ID: # of Questions: 45 Total Exam Points: 45.00 ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 1 Shining a light in the eyes of a cat is most likely to increase blood flow to the greatest extent in which of the following brain structures? A. Cerebellum B. Motor cortex ✓C. Occipital cortex D. Forebrain E. Medulla ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 2 Synaptic spillover of which transmitter is most likely to increase brain blood flow? A. Acetylcholine ✓B. Glutamate C. Norepinephrine D. Glycine E. Dopamine ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 3 Which of the following is most likely to occur following a subdural hematoma? A. Decreased intracranial pressure ✓B. Papilledema µ C. Dilation of veins D. Negative feedback control of edema E. Decreased capillary pressure ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 4 Which of the following is the most common cause of a cerebrovascular accident? A. Systemic hypotension B. Rupture of blood vessel ✓C. Thrombosis D. Alcohol E. Hyperventilation ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 5 Which of the following best describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) when the resting membrane potential of a neuron is –65mV and the membrane potential is –45mV following excitation (in mV)? A. –45 ✓B. +20 C. –5 D. –20 E. +5 F. –65 ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 6 Which of the following best describes the mechanism of synaptic facilitation caused by increased transmitter release from the presynaptic neuron? ✓A. Increased calcium concentration in presynaptic neuron B. Increased calcium concentration in postsynaptic neuron C. Decreased sodium concentration in presynaptic neuron D. Decreased sodium concentration in postsynaptic neuron ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 7 Which of the following best describes the chief inhibitory transmitter in the brain? A. Acetylcholine ✓B. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) C. Glycine D. Glutamate E. Serotonin ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 8 Which of the following best describes the effects of hyperventilation induced alkalosis on the brain? ✓A. Increased neuronal activity B. Vasodilation C. Unconsciousness D. Coma E. Increased cerebral blood flow ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 9 Which of the following best explains why dendrites do not have action potentials?  A. Increased number of voltage-gated sodium channels ✓B. Decreased number of voltage-gated sodium channels I C. Increased number of voltage-gated calcium channels D. Decreased number of voltage-gated calcium channels ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 10 Which of the following best describes the mechanism of adaptation of the Pacinian corpuscle, which is a rapidly adapting receptor? A. Transmitter depletion ✓B. Fluid redistribution C. Increased distorting force D. Abnormal ion concentration E. Fatigue ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 11 The frequency of action potentials in the afferent neuron of a sensory receptor is 40Hz when the receptor potential is -30mV. Which of the following best describes the frequency of action potentials when the receptor potential is -60mV (in Hz)? A. 40 ✓B. 30 I C. 60 D. 90 E. 120 ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 12 Which of the following neuronal circuits is best arranged to provide amplification of a neuronal signal?  A. Converging ✓B. Diverging I C. Reverberating D. Inhibitory ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 13 Which of the following best describes the number of neurons in series from a typical sensory receptor to the somatosensory cortex? A. 1 B. 2 ✓C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 14 Which of the following structures has the greatest area of representation in the somatosensory cortex? A. Genitalia ✓B. Lips t C. Back D. Toes E. Legs ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 15 Which of the following serves to improve the two-point discrimination threshold in the fingers of a typical human being?  ✓A. Lateral inhibition I B. Action potential C. Spatial resolution D. Pain E. Damage ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 16 Which of the following best describes the type of excitatory transmitter secreted from the nerve endings of type C pain fibers? A. Glycine ✓B. Substance P n C. GABA D. Glutamate E. Norepinephrine ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 17 Referred pain results from an intermingling of skin and visceral nerve fibers in which of the following structures? I✓A.B. Dorsal horn of spinal cord Somatosensory cortex C. Dermatome D. Medulla E. Visceral nerve fibers ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 18 Damage to the entire right side of the spinal cord at C3 is most likely to result in which of the following?  A. Loss of motor function on the left side B. Loss of pain sensation on the right side ✓C. Loss of vibration sense on the right side D. Loss of position sense on the left side ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 19 Most of the refractive power of the eye resides in which of the following structures? A. Lens ✓B. Cornea C. Retina D. Fovea E. Iris ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 20 Which of the following best describes the power of accommodation of the eye in a typical 90-year-old person (in diopters)? ✓A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8 E. 14 ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 21 Which of the following best describes the leading cause of blindness worldwide?  ✓A. Cataracts B. Glaucoma C. Hyperopia D. Myopia E. Astigmatism ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 22 Which of the following best describes the mechanism of open angle glaucoma (also called chronic glaucoma)? A. Increased flow through trabecular meshwork B. Increased production of intraocular fluid ✓C. Decreased flow through trabecular meshwork D. Decreased production of intraocular fluid ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 23 The pigment layer of the retina contains high levels of which of the following vitamins that is needed for phototransduction? ✓A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D E. Vitamin E ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 24 Which of the following best describes the cones of the retina?  A. Red, yellow, blue B. Red, yellow, green ✓C. Red, green, blue D. Yellow, green, blue E. White, black, gray ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 25 Which of the following best describes light-activated rhodopsin? A. Melanopsin ✓B. Metarhodopsin II C. Transducin D. Arrestin E. All-trans retinal ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 26 Which of the following cell types in the retina is most likely to have action potentials? A. Horizontal cells B. Bipolar cells C. Rod cells ✓D. Ganglion cells E. Cone cells ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 27 Which of the following cell types provide inhibitory feedback to rods and cones, which helps to prevent lateral spread of light excitation on the retina?  ✓A. Horizontal cells B. Bipolar cells C. Amacrine cells D. Ganglion cells E. Interstitial cells ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 28 Which of the following best describes the optic disc? ✓A. Blind spot B. Mostly cones C. Mostly rods D. No ganglion cell axons E. No blood vessels F. Highest visual acuity ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 29 The axons of retinal ganglion cells from the nasal halves of the two retinas decussate in which of the following structures? A. Lateral geniculate body ✓B. Optic chiasm C. Optic nerve D. Optic radiation E. Visual cortex ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 30 Which of the following best describes the effects of atropine on the eye?  ✓A. Mydriasis – Inhibition of accommodation B. Miosis – Inhibition of accommodation C. Mydriasis – Facilitation of accommodation D. Miosis – Facilitation of accommodation ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 31 Which of the following best describes the receptor organs that generate action potentials in response to sound vibrations? A. Tectorial membrane ✓B. Hair cells C. Basilar fiber D. Spiral ganglion E. Helicotrema ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 32 All the following are taste sensations EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Sour B. Sweet C. Umami D. Bitter E. Salty ✓F. Musky ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 33 Which of the following best describes what is sensed by a muscle spindle?  A. Tension ✓B. Length C. Pressure D. Voltage E. Resistance ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 34 Which of the following best describes what is sensed by the Golgi tendon organ? ✓A. Tension B. Length C. Pressure D. Voltage E. Resistance ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 35 Which of the following best describes the number of synapses in a disynaptic reflex arc? A. 1 ✓B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 36 A 30-year-old woman is admitted to the Emergency Department because of sudden, severe pain in her right eye. She also has nausea, headache, and blurred vision. Tonometer testing shows an intraocular pressure of 60 mm Hg in her right eye; the intraocular pressure of her left eye is 15 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of acute eye pain in this woman?  ✓A. Closure of iridocorneal angle B. Conjunctivitis C. Corneal abrasion D. Increased resistance in the canal of Schlemm E. Opening of iridocorneal angle F. Decreased resistance in the canal of Schlemm ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 37 A 10-year-old boy has color blindness (protanopia). His father, mother, and sister are also protanopes. Which of the following best describes how the boy inherited color blindness? ✓A. Mother only B. Father only C. Mother and father D. Father and sister E. Mother and sister ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 38 Which of the following best describes the cranial nerve involved primarily in olfaction? ✓A. Cranial nerve I B. Cranial nerve II C. Cranial nerve III D. Cranial nerve IV E. Cranial nerve VII ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 39 Which of the following best describes the spinal cord location that receives sensory information from a typical sensory receptor?  ✓A. Posterior horn B. Anterior horn C. Ventral horn D. Central canal E. Gray commissure ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 40 Which of the following is the best source of the essential nutrient, choline? ✓A. Eggs B. Tea C. Ethanol D. Butter E. Syrup ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 41 Which of the following best describes anterior motor neurons and their innervation targets? ✓A. Alpha-Extrafusal fibers; Gamma-Intrafusal fibers B. Alpha-Intrafusal fibers; Gamma-Extrafusal fibers C. Alpha-Extrafusal fibers; Gamma-Extrafusal fibers D. Alpha-Intrafusal fibers; Gamma-Intrafusal fibers ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 42 Which of the following best describes the total volume of cerebrospinal fluid in an adult human nervous system (in mL)?  ✓A. 150 B. 500 C. 50 D. 300 ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 43 An increase in which of the following has a direct action to increase cerebral blood flow? A. Arterial carbon dioxide levels B. Arterial hydrogen ion concentration C. Brain interstitial carbon dioxide levels ✓D. Brain interstitial hydrogen ion concentration ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 44 A 62-year-old man visits his physician because of difficulty seeing while driving at night. The man has frequent, foul smelling stools. Stool analyses reveal a high content of digested fat. A decrease in retinal levels of which of the following is the most likely cause of night blindness in this man? A. 2-Monoglycerides B. Amino acids C. Free fatty acids D. Glucose ✓E. Vitamin A F. Vitamin C ____________________________________________________________________________ Question #: 45 A 32-year-old student with 20/20 vision redirects her gaze from a distant building back to her computer screen. Which of the following best describes the lens, ciliary muscle, and parasympathetic responses to changing her gaze to the computer screen? ✓A. Thicker lens, contraction of ciliary muscle, increased parasympathetic stimulation B. Thicker lens, contraction of ciliary muscle, decreased parasympathetic stimulation C. Thicker lens, relaxation of ciliary muscle, increased parasympathetic stimulation D. Thicker lens, relaxation of ciliary muscle, decreased parasympathetic stimulation E. Thinner lens, contraction of ciliary muscle, increased parasympathetic stimulation F. Thinner lens, contraction of ciliary muscle, decreased parasympathetic stimulation G. Thinner lens, relaxation of ciliary muscle, increased parasympathetic stimulation H. Thinner lens, contraction of ciliary muscle, decreased parasympathetic stimulation