PPC ELEC 2 Philippine Popular Culture PDF 2021-2022

Republic of the Philippines Province of Cebu City of Talisay TALISAY CITY COLLEGE...

Republic of the Philippines Province of Cebu City of Talisay TALISAY CITY COLLEGE Poblacion, Talisay City, Cebu 1st Semester, Academic Year 2021-2022 PPC ELEC 2 PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE Module Writer Rhea B. Destacamento Department Social & Behavioral Sciences Reviewer Rhea B. Destacamento Course Facilitator Contact No. Program & Year Credit Units 3.0 This subject locates popular culture as a historico-spatial condition and phenomenon of Philippine modernity. The course will investigate how the term popular culture is Course Description operationalized, circulated, re-produced, consumed and instrumentalized by the recurring social order. It considers popular culture as a body of knowledge that informs us of the national life’s sphere of social activities and lived experience economy. Culminating Outcome Create a video presentation showing the effects of foreign culture to the Philippine society. Create a well-designed infographic that depicts the elements of early Filipino culture Prelim Unit Outcome blending with Asian Civilization. Student’s Name Curricular Yr.& Sec. Contact No. Time Allotment Residence Inclusive Date/s Course Material 2 Understanding Pre-Colonial Philippine Culture CONTENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES ❖ The Filipino culture during the pre-colonial At the end of this module, you will… Philippines ✓ Identify the Filipino Culture during the pre-colonial ❖ Cultural influences brought by the Arabs, the Philippines. Chinese and the Indians ✓ State how the Arabs, Chinese and the Indians influenced Philippine Culture through graphic organizer. ✓ Produce a well-designed infographic on the cultural influences brought by the Arabs, the Chinese and the Indians during the pre-colonial period to the Filipino culture. ENGAGE In the majority of countries, divorce is widely and legally accepted where its cases is increasing each day. Divorce ends and terminate marriage for the parties involved after assessing and considering grounds or reasons why they would want to divorce. It may be rampant in other countries and people may just viewed it as acceptable but for us Filipinos, It is something that we would not want to go through. Abused wives or husbands would tend to keep their silence and just accept their fate because of fear of being judge or scrutinize by the society. Not only that, divorce is still not legalize in the Philippines. Thus, making the Filipinos trapped in a toxic relationship forever. THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 1 of 10  But did you know that absolute divorce has existed in the Philippine laws? In pre-colonial Philippines, a woman could obtain divorce in order that she might re-marry by simply returning the dowry to the man or his parents with an additional amount equal to the dowry. If she did not remarry, only the dowry was returned. If the couple had children, both the dowry and fine went to the children, which was held in trust for them by the grandparents or responsible relatives, (Feliciano, 1994). There has been a lot of practices by our ancestors during the pre-colonial time that we are not aware of. Let us revisit the past and learn from it. EXPLORE PRE – COLONIAL CULTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES According to Agoncillo (2012), the ancient Filipinos had a culture even before the Spaniards came to the Philippines. The claim that they were uneducated people who does not know how to read and write and had no political system when the Spanish first set foot on the Philippine soil is definitely not true. As a matter of fact, they had written languages that traced their origin to the Austronesian (Malayan-Polynesian) parent stock and used them not only as media of daily communication, but also as vehicles for the expression of their literary moods. The bulk of their literature was folk literature which represented a group heritage and reflected their daily lives. They had music and dance for almost all occasions and a wide variety of musical instruments indicative of their ingenuity. LANGUAGES Agoncillo (2012) stated that there are more than a hundred languages and dialects in the Philippines. Of this number, eight are considered major languages, namely, Sugbuhanon, Tagalog, Iloko, Pangasinan, Hiligaynon, Pampangan, Magindanaw and Samarnon. They are sister languages and belong to one big family of languages called Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian. To prove that these languages came from one parent language, the following table is given to show their similarities. Primitive Austronesian National Language Iloko Sugbuhanon English ama ama ama ama father anaj anay anay anay termite at’in asin asin asin salt babaji babae babai babai female bangkaj bangkay bangkay bangkay cadaver bavang bawang bawang bawang garlic bugav bugaw bugaw bugaw drive away hat’ang bagang bagang bagang molar manuk manok manok banok chicken pajung payong payong payong umbrella Pat’u paso paso paso burn pilih pili pili pili choose pitu pito pito pito seven t’akit sakit sakit sakit illness THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 2 of 10 System of Writing The Filipinos before the arrival of the Spaniards had a syllabary which was probably of Sanskrit or Arabic provenance. The syllabary consisted of seventeen symbols, or which three were vowels standing for the present five vowels and fourteen consonants. It was noted that ancient Filipinos wrote on the bark of trees, on leaves and bamboo tubes, using their knives, daggers, pointed sticks or iron as pens and the colored saps of tress as ink. There were only a few samples of their writings which have been handed down to the next generations because the early Spanish missionaries destroyed the manuscripts stating that those were the work of the devil. Although there were some pieces of literature which have been handed down from generation to generation because it was passed on orally (Agoncillo, 2012). Activity 1 Practice writing at least 5 Filipino words using the early Filipino syllabary or Baybayin. Filipino Word Baybayin How do you find writing the word in baybayin? Is it easier than how we are writing now? THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 3 of 10  Early Philippine Literature As mentioned earlier, literature was passed on from the ancient Filipinos to the next generations through oral recitation and incantation or “orasyon” Literary forms such as songs, riddles and proverbs, lyric and short poems, as well as parts of epic poems were written using baybayin which were later transcribed into the Roman alphabet centuries later by the Spanish chroniclers and other scholars (Agoncillo, 2012) Among the literary forms, it is the awit or song that lasted. They used it for various occasions. They have uyayi or hele, a lullaby for putting a child to sleep; soliranin which is a song for travellers while the talindaw is the seafarers song; the kumintang is a war song; while the kundiman is a melancholic love song. A great example of kundiman is the song below which became very popular in Batangas. Hayo na’t dimugin ang bato mong puso Sa pait ng aking luhang tumutulo Nang ang mailap mong awa’y nang umamo Sa walang hangganang tapat kong pagsuyo Another literary form that was passed on to us is the riddle or bugtong. They are usually made to rhyme and utilize the talinghaga, a form of metaphor whose signification eventually conveys the meaning of the answer to the riddle. For Example: Hindi hari, hindi pari Ang damit ay sari-sari Sagot: sampayan May puno, walang bunga May dahon, walang sanga Sagot: sandok Music and Dance Natives were without a doubt, music lovers. Antonio Pigafetta, the Kudyapi historian of the Magellan expedition, noted that the Filipinos of Cebu had such percussion instruments as the timbal, the timbrel, the cymbal and a kind of drum. Then on 1543, Bernardo De La Torre, one of Villalobos’ officers, attended a dance in Samar and saw a stringed instrument known as kudyapi, a kind of small guitar which the Tagalog adopted as the symbol of poetry (Agoncillo, 2012). Among the Negritos of Bataan and Zambales, the favourite musical instruments were the Jew’s harp made of bamboo; the bansic made of mountain cane with four holes; a bamboo violin with abaca strings and the gangsa, a sort of guitar. With these musical instruments, the Negritos danced their favorite “Potato” dance in which a man was represented with stealing sweet potatoes in the field. Another popular dance is the “Duel” dance represented by a pair of warriors staging a fight with bolos, bows and arrows. Kubing or Jew’s harp Gangsa THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 4 of 10  Ancient Filipinos danced to appease the gods, to curry favor from powerful spirits, to celebrate a hunt or harvest, to mimic the exotic life forms around them. They danced their stories and their shamanic rituals, their rites of passage and their remembered legends and history. Funeral Procession dance Head-huntimg dance Art Art started in the first primitive inhabitants of the Philippines through their tools and weapons. As time passed and as ages elapsed, tools and weapons were polished, developed and formed along the lines of leaves and petals. In the New Stone Age, primitive inhabitants started to improve their artistic sense through the use of body ornaments such as beads and bracelets made of green jade, red cornelian and other attractive stores. At this stage, they also began to dye and ornament bark cloth with designs of attractive colours. Shapes and sizes improved with the coming of Bronze Age. Also, at this time, bells, drums and gongs are made of bronze, indicating the development of social arts as dancing and music. In the Early Iron Age, ornaments with different forms and sizes began to appear, burdening the body not only with rings, bracelets, armlets, headbands and strings of beads but also tattoos of various designs. Metal and glass are used and hand loom, woven textiles with different designs and colours are also worn. Weapons such as daggers, swords, bolos, knives, spears and other bladed weapons which once have simple handles were developed with artistic designs. Pottery with incised design was made and wood, bone, ivory or horn images were carved. The use it not only for their daily life but also after death, for ancient Filipinos buried earthly possessions along the deceased. By tattooing, primitive inhabitants started embroidering their garments as clothing became common. Even at this day, some places in the Philippines, particularly in the north and south, embroidered garments with various artistic designs and in lively colors are still worn (Agoncillo, 2012). There were several influences on Filipino primitive art which are apparent in the surviving artifacts. Zigzag designs on ancient lime tubes and ornamental carvings on combs are influenced by the Negritos. Apparels of the Kalingas of Luzon, Maranaws of Lanao, and the Manobos and Bagobos are the Indonesian’s influence. Malayan influence is traced in the woodcarving found in utensils, boats and wooden shields of the people in Sulu and Mindanao and the Mountain Province. Ornamental and decorative art of the Lanao Muslims is of the Islam’s influence. Meanwhile, Muslims decorative art is rhythmical and graceful. Although, Muslims are not interested in figures because of the Koran’s prohibition of making human representations (Agoncillo, 2012) THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 5 of 10 Cultural influences by the Arabs Arab mostly influenced the Philippines in terms of religious beliefs. Arab Muslims have converted indigenous people to Islam, making Mindanao an Islamic and sacred island. The spread of Islam to Old Malaysia was brought about by the activities of the Arab traders, missionaries and teachers who introduced their religious beliefs among the Malays. Not only that, Arabs also introduced another form of government in which we call a sultanate form of government where a sultan is the main chief in charge. In addition to that, Arabs have some influence when it comes to Filipino languages and it also introduce the use of calendars to the ancient Filipinos. Cultural influences by the Chinese Chinese and Filipinos have been long in contact from the start of the 10th century of Christian era. This led to Chinese cultural penetration to the Philippines. The Chinese influences are mainly reflected on economy. That is, because the Chinese who came to the islands were “economic” men whose aim and interest focuses on the profits rather than in political domination. From the Chinese, the ancient Filipinos learned the use of umbrellas, gongs, lead, porcelain, the manufacture of gunpowder, mining methods, and metallurgy. Equally, important was the adoption by the Filipinos of some Chinese customs. The ancient custom of arranging the marriages of children by the parents was originated by the Chinese. Another practice was the ancient Visayan’s, mourning which was shown by wearing white shirts or dress, a custom that is definitely Chinese. Cultural influences by Indians The Indian influence on Filipino life is shown primarily in the Philippine languages, particularly in Tagalog. The large number of terms of Sanskrit origin does not necessarily mean that there was a direct contact between the ancient Filipinos and the Indians. More probable is the theory that the Filipinos were influenced by some of the elements of Indian culture through Hinduized Malays who came to the Philippines to settle permanently. It is probable that Filipinos ancient religious beliefs and also paganism came from India through Old Malaysia. Some of the ancient Filipino customs were originated from India. For example, it was noted that in the Mountain Province, the waist loom worked by the Igorot women is absolutely identical with the looms, cloth, color schemes and patterns woven by women in the hill tribes of Assam and northern India. The filmy textiles of Iloilo closely resemble the silky gauze fabric woven in Benares, India which is exceedingly ancient craft. The modern Philippine Barong Tagalog is the same cut and embroidery as the “Kurta” of Lucknow, India except for different collar and cuffs. The veil, indeed, played yet another role and which few perhaps recognize as an unaltered relic of an Asian past. In the wedding ceremony of the Philippines, the Cord and the Veil ceremonies are the remains of ancient symbolism practiced in both Hindu and Muslim weddings to this day. With modifications, the symbolism is the same. A Hindu bride is and groom will exchange garlands of sampaguita and their shoulder and head scarves will be tied together during the ceremony. In a Muslim wedding, an ornate silken cloth will be placed over the bridal couple and a knotted garland of flowers placed over their heads (Agoncillo, 2012). Here, we can conclusively say that Filipinos are flexible who can easily adapt and adjust to whatever culture. Nowadays, you can find Filipinos anywhere around the globe either to work or to permanently live in the country where the “pasture is much greener”. Supplementary Material/s: Philippine History: Pre-Colonial Period https://www.slideshare.net/jeelchristine/philippine-precolonial-art THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 6 of 10  KNOWLEDGE-BUILDING Assessment Task 1 Identifying Philippine Pre-Colonial Culture Give three words that best describe Philippine Pre-Colonial Culture. Explain why Instructions: you have chosen the word in 2-3 sentences. 1. Understand the statement/ question. 2. Organize your thoughts. 3. Include relevant facts. Help Guide 4. Make sure that your answer has a clear point 5. Use correct grammar and punctuations. 6. Write legibly and neatly. You will be graded a total of 100 points based on the following standard: Words used in describing Your Rating/ Basis for Rating: Philippine Pre-Colonial Culture (10 pts each) Total Points 75 Supporting details (15 pts each) _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 1) _________________________________________________ ASSESS _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 2) _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3) _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 7 of 10  CRITICAL THINKING Assessment Task 2 Concept Mapping State how the Arabs, Chinese and the Indians influenced Philippine Culture Instructions: through graphic organizer. 1. Craft a graphic organizer (A graphic organizer is a teaching and learning tool that is used to organize information and ideas in a way that is easy to comprehend and internalize. By integrating text and visuals, graphic organizers show relationships and connections between concepts, terms, Help Guide and facts.) For examples refer to: https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/types-of-graphic-organizers/ 2. Explain how each of their contributions has created an impact in the Philippine Culture. Your Rating/ Basis for Rating: Total Points 100 THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 8 of 10  CREATING Assessment Task 3 Creating Infographic Produce a well-designed infographic on the cultural influences brought by the Instructions: Arabs, the Chinese and the Indians during the pre-colonial period to the Filipino culture 1. Use photo that is relevant to the task. Help Guide 2. Caption should add information. 3. The tone of the caption should match the tone of the image. Rubric: Above Standards Meets Standards Approaching Below Standards CATEGORY 20 15 10 5 The photo album includes All required elements are All but 1 of the required Several required elements all required elements as included in the photo elements are included in were missing from the Required Elements well as additional album. the photo album. photo album. information. Pictures are all in focus Most pictures are in focus Most pictures are in focus Many pictures are not and the content easily and the content easily and the content is easily clear or are too small and Pictures viewed in a logical order. viewed in a logical order. viewed in a semi-logical are not in a logical order. order. All pictures and captions All pictures and captions All pictures and captions Pictures and captions do are related to the topic are related to the topic relate to the topic. Most not relate to the topic OR Relevance of Pictures and and make it easier to and most make it easier to borrowed pictures have a several borrowed graphics Captions understand. All borrowed understand. All borrowed source citation. do not have a source pictures have a source pictures have a source citation. citation. citation. Capitalization and There is 1 error in There are 2 errors in There are more than 2 punctuation are correct capitalization or capitalization or errors in capitalization or Mechanics throughout the photo punctuation in the photo punctuation in the photo punctuation in the photo album. album. album. album. The photo album is The photo album is The photo album is The photo album is exceptionally attractive in attractive in terms of acceptably attractive distractingly messy or very Attractiveness terms of design, layout, design, layout and though it may be a bit poorly designed. It is not and neatness. neatness. messy. attractive. ❖ See sample infographic on how a bottle is recycled. THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 9 of 10 SOURCES/REFERENCES Agoncillo, T. (2012). History of the Filipino People. C&E Publishing Inc. Villavicencio, V. (2000). Our right to self-determination: Pilipina’s Position on the Issues of Divorce and Abortion https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/philippinen/50068.pdf COURSE MATERIAL ENGAGEMENT CHECKLIST Your feedback matters to us. The following are statements about the course material. Please indicate the point to which each statement characterizes your assessment on the course material by checking the appropriate box. YES NO ❖ The course material is easy to understand. ❖ The given instructions are clear. ❖ The given tasks are doable. ❖ The given information is complete. ❖ The teacher seeks ongoing feedback. What is your personal thought on the course material? ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ACADEMIC HONESTY STATEMENT I confirm that I have read and fully understood the policies of Talisay City College with regards to Academic Dishonesty, and that I am fully aware of its possible legal and disciplinary consequences. Student’s Signature Over Checked by Printed Name E-mail Address E-mail Address Date Submitted Date Received THIS MATERIAL IS FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY AND NOT FOR SALE. Page 10 of 10