Chapter 5: The Puritans Arrive PDF

) THE GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION From 1630 to 1643, more than 20,000 Puritans left Europe to settle in New England. The Puritans Arrive In 1630, John Winth rop led a second group of Puritan s to settle the In...

) THE GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION From 1630 to 1643, more than 20,000 Puritans left Europe to settle in New England. The Puritans Arrive In 1630, John Winth rop led a second group of Puritan s to settle the In 1628, a small group of settlers Massa chuset ts Bay Colony. Winthr op arrived in North Americ a. They had a hoped their settlem ent would be an charter, or official paper, from the king examp le of Christi an living. In a sermon , of Englan d. It gave the settlers permis sion he said,"... We shall be as a city upon a to start a colony in New Englan d. There, hill. The eyes of all people are upon they built a village called Salem. us...." Winthr op's group chose to build their A New Start "city upon a hill" south of Salem, Like the Pilgrim s, these set- near the mouth of the Charles tlers came to New Englan d River. They named their to practic e their religio us settlem ent Boston, a fter a beliefs. They also came to town in Englan d. Most start farms and busine sses. early settlem ents in New Unlike the Pilgrim s, the Englan d were built along new settlers did not want the Atlanti c coast to make to break away from the it easier for colonis ts to get Church of Englan d. They supplie s from English trad- wanted to change some ing ships. religio us practic es to make the church more "pure." For READING CHECK BSUMMARIZE this reason , they were called Why did the Puritans found the > JOHN WINTHROP Puritan s. Massachusetts Bay Colony? Chapter 5 199  - -- - - - New Ideas, New bel ief s in his ser mo ns. He and his foll Ow. ers bel iev ed tha t the ir chu rch sho uld be Settlements sep ara te fro m the col oni al govern ment. In 1630, Joh n Wi nth rop wa s ele cte Th ey als o bel iev ed tha t Pu rita n lead d ers gov ern or of the Ma ssa chu set ts Ba sho uld no t pu nis h peo ple for hav y ing dif. Colony. He and the oth er Pu rita n fer ent bel ief s. lea der s kep t stri ct con tro l ove r life in the col Wi llia ms als o dis agr eed wi th Pur ony. itan Th ey did no t we lco me peo ple wh ose lea der s ov er the ir tre atm ent of Na tive beliefs we re dif fer ent fro m the ir ow Am eri can s. He sai d tha t the settler n. s ought Th ey tho ug ht tha t dissent, or dis agr to liv e in pea ce wi th Na tiv e Americ ee- ans. me nt, mi gh t hu rt the ir society. Wi nth rop an d the oth er Pu rita n lead - ers dec ide d to pu nis h Wi llia ms for Roger Williams his dis sen t. Th ey hel d a tria l and fou So me col oni sts dis agr eed wi th the nd him gui lty of spr ead ing "ne w and dan Pu rita n lea der s. On e of tho se col oni gerous sts opi nio ns. " In 1635, the lea der s vot wa s a mi nis ter in Sal em nam ed Ro ed to ger exp el Wi llia ms fro m Ma ssa chu Wi llia ms. Wi llia ms oft en sta ted his set ts, or force him to lea ve. > ROGER WILLIAMS was expelled from Massachusetts gave him shelter. , but the Narragansett tribe > ANNE HUTCHINSON held weekly meetings at her home. They were seen as a challenge to the authority of the men who led the Puritan church. Williams and his family moved questioned the teachings of the Puritan southwest of Boston to what is now ministers. At this time in history, women Narragansett (nar uh GAN suht) Bay: rarely spoke out against men. For a short time, they lived near the coast Hutchinson's actions angered many with the Narragansett tribe. Many of Puritan leaders. In 1637, they tried her Williams's followers joined him there. on charges of sedition (sih DIH shuhn), In 1636, Williams bought land from the or speaking in ways that caused oth- Narragansett and founded a settlement ers to work against the government. that he called Providence. Hutchinson was found guilty and Williams organized the settlement expelled from the colony. based on the consent, or agreement, With her family and several followers, of the people and cooperation with the Hutchinson left to start a settlement on Native Americans. The settlers could an island near Providence. That settle- follow almost any religion they chose. ment later joined Williams's settlement under the charter that formed the colony of Anne Hutchinson Rhode Island in 1647. The leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony faced another challenge to their READING CHECK 8SUMMARIZE authority, or power, from a colonist Why did Roger Williams wish to start a new named Anne Hutchinson. Hutchinson settlement? Chapter 5.., 201  Other Colonies Mo st ear ly Co nne ctic ut sett ler to find goo d far mla nd, but manySC¾ )e N. cam e bec aus e o f therr reh.g1o. als0 us b li W *E s e On e of the se sett lers wa s a Pur itan efs iste r nam ed Tho ma s Hoo ker. He left %- Ma ssa chu sett s bec aus e he disagreed wit h the wa y its lea der s rule d. Hooker and his foll ow ers fou nde d Hartford. In 1636, Ha rtfo rd and oth er nearby sett lem ent s join ed to for m· the colony ATLANTIC of Connecticut. OCEAN In 1639, the lea der s of the Connecticut ET Col ony wro te the Fun dam ent al Orders, a ;J...;; '--~ --,. --, OAG pla n of gov ern me nt. The se ord ers let vot- 1 " J:: h - Present-day ers elect the ir ow n lea der s. However, the bord er I J ; ~ ~ \.._~ MellS'Trf RHOD E ISLAND ABENA K Nativ e American tribe onl y peo ple wh o cou ld vot e wer e white me n wh o ow ned lan d. -. opp ortu niti - Oth er col oni sts loo kin g for eco- REGIONS Which of the New England Colo nies nom1c es mo ved nor th of I had the smallest amount of land? Ma ssac hus etts~ In r623, -a Sco ttis h settler nam ed Dav id Tho ms on set out to start Ne w England Grows a fish ing sett lem ent. In 167 9, this settle- men t, late r kno wn as Por tsm out h, Oth er sett lers mo ved sou th from join ed wit h oth ers to for m the colony Ma ssac hus etts to find bett er farm land. of New Ha mp shi re. Some left the poor, rocky soil of coastal New Englan d for the fertile Con necticu t READING CHECK 6SU MM ARIZE (ku h NEH tih kuh t) Riv er Valley. Why did farmers settle in the Connecticut River Valley? 202 Uni t 3  Growth Brings Conflict W am pa no ag. W he n m or e En gl is h se ttl er s m ov ed on to th the colonists sp re ad ac ro ei r tri ba l la nd s, As ss N ew M et ac om et de ci de d th at d th ey N. th e N at iv e Eng1an ' se ttl ed w he re at iv e A m er ic an s ha d to un ite · ca ns al re ad ag ai nSt the Arn.en y liv ed an d hu nt ed. In co lo ni sts. H e sa id , the Connecticut Ri. ve r Va.. lley, fig ht in g broke ou t be tw ee n th e co lo ni sts an d th e ,, 1 am re so lv ed no t to Pequot (PEE kwaht) tri be se e th e da y. Th e Pe qu ot w he n I ha ve no co un tr wanted to sto p th e co lo ni over their la nd s. sts fr om ta ki ng y. '' ---- In 1637, th e co lo ni sts an King Philip's War d th e Pe qu ot began at ta ck in g ea ch ot he In 1675, ar gu m en ts ov er r's se ttl em en ts. la nd ag ai n The conflict be ca m e kn ow le d to w ar be tw ee n th e n as th e Pe qu ot co lo ni st s an d th e War. The co lo ni sts de fe at N at iv e A m er ic an s. Th e ed th e Pe qu ot co lo ni st s na m ed and the tri be w as fo rc ed th e w ar K in g Ph ili p' s W to sp lit up. ar. It be ga n w he n Arguments Over land N at iv e A m er ic an s at ta ck ed th e to w n The se ttl er s an d th e N at of Sw an se a in R ho de Is iv e A m er ic an s la nd. In re tu rn , had different id ea s ab ou th e se ttl er s de st ro ye d a t la nd ow ne r- ne ar by N at iv e ship. The M oh eg an (m A m er ic an vi lla ge. oh H EE g uh n) , Wampanoag (w ah m p uh O ve r th e ne xt ye ar , K in 1'I N O H a g) , g Ph ili p' s W ar Narragansett, an d ot he r sp re ad as fa r no rt h as tri be s be lie ve d pr es en t- da y M ai ne that no on e pe rs on co ul d an d as fa r w es t as Co nn ow n la nd. Th e ec tic ut. In th e English, ho we ve r, be lie ve en d, bo th si de s su ff er ed d th at if th ey te rr ib le lo ss es. claimed an ar ea , th e la nd A m on g th e co lo ni st s, 1 w as th ei rs. Th e of ev er y 16 m en settlers ex pe ct ed N at iv e di ed in ba ttl e. A t le as t A m er ic an tri be s 3, 00 0 N at iv e to leave th e la nd. Ame-1:ic an s,.in cl ud in g M et ac om et , w er e Metacomet, kn ow n to th ki lle d. So m e tri be s w er e En gl ish e ne ar ly w ip ed as King Ph ili p, w as th e le ou t, an d m os t w er e fo rc ad er of th e ed to gi ve up th ei r la nd s. ) THE CONNECTICUT RIV ER flows through present- ~ermont, Massachusetts, day New Hampshire, and Connecticut.  ,I I' I,11 I I 11 I ,JI ,.-............... 1,-,!!._ ,._1 ~ - ) NEW ENGLAND COLONISTS Colonists in New Englan d often carried their weapons with them wherever they went, including church. A Religious Life People sat on hard woo den benc hes and coul d not nap. A pers on who fell aslee p The Puri tans lived their lives base d on or did not beha ve was puni shed harshly. their religious belie fs. Before mak ing any The Puri tans also puni shed peop le who decision, they thou ght abou t the Bible's miss ed chur ch or spok e out in disse nt. laws. They also thou ght abou t how God A com mon puni shm ent was seve ral and their com mun ity migh t judg e them. hour s in the town stocks. In the stocks, Their religious belie fs told them how to a pers on's head , hand s, and feet were live, work , and spen d their free time. locked into a woo den frame. The Puritans lived by strict rules. They Church Services did not like stage plays or card games. On Sund ays, ever yone in town had to They believed such activities wasted time. attend church. Puri tan chur ches had no Instead, the Puritans found ways to com- paintings, statu es, or bells. The Puri tans bine their free time and their work in believed in simp le religious practice. activities such as fishing and quilt-making. They thou ght that read ing the Bible and praying were the best way s to wors hip. READINGCHECK 8SUMMARIZE A Puri tan chur ch service laste d most of How did the religious beliefs of the Puritans the day, with a brea k for a meal at noon. affect their daily lives? Chapter 5 u 209  Everyday Life A blacksmith mi gh t ma ke iron tools for the cooper. In tur n, the co M os t pe op le in colonial Ne op er might w England make barrels for the bla ck liv ed in small tow ns. They sm ith. lived, wo rk ed , an d wo rsh ipp ed close tog The Town Meeting ether. At the center of ea ch tow The meetinghouse, or tow n wa s the n church, common. This gr as sy are wa s a tow n's mo st im po rta a wa s sh are d by nt building. the to wn 's pe op le. It wa s At least once a year, the tow us ed for graz- nspeople ing sh ee p, cattle , an d oth er gathered there for a to wn livestock. meeting. At The colonists bu ilt their ho tow n meetings, people vo me s an d ted on laws and oth er bu ild ing s aro un d the elected leaders. Anyone co common. uld attend, but Ne arl y all tow ns also ha d only free white me n wh o ow a school. Most ne d property could vote. ha d a ge ne ral store, a saw mill, an d a Each year, colonists in Massa bla ck sm ith's sh op. chusetts voted for who wo uld repres To me et the ir economic ne ent them at ed s, people the General Court, the colon us ed a ba rte r system. In ste y's legisla- ad of using ture. The General Court ma money, pe op le tra de d wi de laws for th each other. the whole colony. In 1641, the General 21 0 Un it 3 ► We& w  Fields ~ - --~~.....__.dllllii.,.,., ~ " ~... _......,. , Ii _.,I~...... ~ i.... ~ A New England Town ILLUSTRATION In New England townspeople grew or made most of what they needed. How did townspeople use the common? d pig dy of to ma ke soa p and candles. They use Co urt pas sed the Ma ssa chu set ts Bo rights hai r to ma ke brushes. Liberties. Th is set of law s list ed the Me n and boy s spe nt their day s work- of all free colonists. ing in the fields and hun ting. The y cut They A Puritan Home firewood and ma de the ir ow n tools. The ma in roo m of a Pur itan hom e had raised cattle for food and leather and d a larg e fireplace, wh ere a fire wa s alw ays she ep for wool. The me n also gua rde bur nin g. All coo.king wa s don e the re. the town. Mo st food wa s roa ste d ove r the fire or. Every fall, all the colonists hel ped the wa rm ed in larg e iro n kettles. Baking wa s har ves t the crops. They kep t par t of to don e in a sm all ove n ins ide the fire place. crops for themselves and sen t som e er, Wo me n and gir ls spe nt hou rs pre par - England to trad e for goo ds suc h as pap of ing food. Th ey chu rne d cre am to tum it lead, and paint. They also sen t som e into but ter. Th ey dri ed fru its and veg - the crops to the English colonies in the eta ble s and sto red the m in jars. Thi s extra Caribbean islands to trad e for sugar. ter.. foo d hel ped feed families dur ing win READING CHECK 6SUMMARIZE their Wo me n als o ma de oth er thin gs for How did New England colonists particip ate in de the families. Th ey spu n thr ead and ~a their government? l fat col oni sts' clo thin g. Th ey use d aruma Chapter 5 211  j e - must....__have __ _ a ___ schoo _ l. All the other 1~ew.._r Childhood Engl and Colo rues excep t Rhod e Islan I ii in New England passe d simil ar laws. As a result , the Engl and Colo nies had more schools t~iv i Life was hard for the early Purit ans, any of the other Engl ish colonies. n but child ren still found time to relax. A typic al New Engl and schoo l had They had few toys, but they liked play- room and one teach er. Most teachers ,.. one ing game s and sport s. Most famil ies had ,vere men, and many were very strict. Some more than five child ren, so broth ers and often whip ped stude nts for bad behavior I sister s alwa ys had other s to play with or even for a wron g answ er! l when they finish ed their chore s. Early Schools Scho ols were impo rtant to the Purit ans Learning to Read The main subje ct taugh t in New Engla nd schoo ls was readi ng. In colonial becau se they belie ved every one shoul d times, pape r and ink were very costly, be able to read the Bible. At first, paren ts so most stude nts learn ed to read from a taugh t their child ren at home. homb ook. This was a piece of paper that In 1647, Mass achus etts passed_jl law was attac hed to a padd le-sh aped frame sayin g that town s with at least 50 faII}ilies and that show ed the alpha bet. -- -- - -- -- -- ources Background Many homb ooks had a hole in the hand le. Stude nts woul d put a pie~e of string throu gh the hole and wear their homb ooks aroun d their necks. The alphabet is shown in lower case and capital letters. The next section has vowels and consonants. A prayer completes the page. DBCil Document-Based Question What does this hornbook tell you about schools in colonial New England? 212 Unit 3 >FARMS IN NEW ENGLAND Most New England farms had a vari such as cow s, hor ses , chic ken ety of animals, s, hogs, sheep, and goats. New England Farming Fa rm ers tra de d or sol d the ir sur plu ses of livestock, gra in, wo ol, fruit, an By 1750, ma ny Ne w En gla nd tow d fire- ns wo od in po rt cities. At the do cks ha d bec om e bu sy cit ies. Bo sto , farmers n, on e bar gai ned wi th me rch ant s ov er of the lar ges t cit ies in the En gli prices sh colo- or ite ms to tra de. Th e me rch ant nies, ha d mo re tha n 15,000 pe op s the n le. shi pp ed the go od s to En gla nd or Ho we ver , mo st pe op le in Ne w to oth er En gla nd colonies. There, the go od s we re still liv ed in sm all tow ns sur rou sol d for nd ed by mo re tha n the me rch ant s ha d pai d. Ma ny far ml and. me rch ant s bec am e ric h from tra de. Building an Economy Th is sys tem of tra de bet we en far me rs an d me rch ant s wa s the beg inn ing Ne w En gla nd far me rs str ug gle of a d to free-market eco nom ic sys tem gro w cro ps. Be for e the y co uld in the colo- pla nt any - nies. In a free-market eco no my, thi ng, the y ha d to cle ar roc ks an peo ple d tre es are free to cho ose wh ich go od s from the lan d. Ne w En gla nd 's to ma ke lon g wi n- or bu y an d wh ich services to off ters als o ma de it ha rd to gro w er or use. cro ps. Th ey are free to com pet e in bu sin Ov er tim e, far me rs fou nd oth er ess and wa ys to set wh ate ver prices they choose to wo rk wi th the ir en vir on me nt. for In add i- go od s and services. tio n to far mi ng , ma ny be ga n rai sin g dai ry cow s an d she ep. In tim e, col on READING CHECK 8SUMMARIZE ists pro - du ced sur plu s far m go od s. What did farmers do with their sur plus goods? Chapter 5 21 5