Chapter 2 Research Methodology Quiz PDF

PSYC 200 Quiz 1 Chapter 2: Research Methodology 1. All of the followings are operational definitions of anxiety except \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. a score on a test designed to measure anxiety level. B. a verbal description of how being anxious feels like. C. heart rate D. blood pressure 2. Tr...

PSYC 200 Quiz 1 Chapter 2: Research Methodology 1. All of the followings are operational definitions of anxiety except \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. a score on a test designed to measure anxiety level. B. a verbal description of how being anxious feels like. C. heart rate D. blood pressure 2. True or False: If X decreases, Y also decreases, then X and Y are said to be positively correlated. A. True B. False 3. Which of the following indicates the strongest correlational relationship? A\) +1.12 B\) -0.92 C\) +0.58 D\) +0.87 4. As weather gets colder, air-conditioning cost decreases. Which of the following correlation coefficients between *temperature* and *air conditioning cost* reflects this trend? A. r = +.05 B. r = +.87 C. r = -.90 D. r = -1.20 E. r = +1.20 5. A professor hypothesizes that students who have written a quiz prior to an exam will have better exam results than students who are not given the quiz before the exam. To test this hypothesis, the professor gave the students who came to class a quiz two days before the exam. Students who did not come to class on that day had no chance to write the quiz. After the exam, the professor compared the grades of the students who wrote the quiz in class to those who did not come to class and hence did not write the quiz. She found that students who had written the quiz prior to the exam did better in the exam than students who did not write the quiz. A. This is a good design because the professor's hypothesis is supported by the data. B. This is a good design because there are no known confounding variables in this experiment. C. This is a bad design. The professor should have used a computer to randomly assign the students to the two groups. D. This is a bad design. The professor should have made the quiz optional and asked all students to write the quiz outside of class. Students who choose to write and students who choose not to write the quiz will form two groups. 6. How many pairwise comparisons in Diagram A show a significant difference? How many pairwise comparisons in Diagram B show a significant difference? (Assuming that the difference between two groups is significant if the two error bars do not overlap)? A group of blue and white bars Description automatically generated A. Diagram A: 2; Diagram B: 2 B. Diagram A: 2; Diagram B: 3 C. Diagram A: 3; Diagram B: 2 D. Diagram A: 3; Diagram B: 3 E. Diagram A: 1; Diagram B: 2 F. Diagram A: 1; Diagram B: 3 7. A test result that is statistically significant means that the test result A. has important contributions to the research area. B. is valid. C. is reliable. D. is unlikely to be due to chance. 8. \_\_\_\_\_ is the variability among the dependent measures caused by variables other than the independent variables. When this variability changes systematically with the independent variables, it is called a \_\_\_\_\_. A. Internal variation; confounding variable B. Standard deviation; third variable C. Error variance; confounding variable D. Error variance; placebo effect 9. The \_\_\_\_\_ of a measure concerns its ability to produce similar results when repeated measurements are made under identical conditions. A. Reliability B. central tendency C. construct validity D. internal validity 10. Intelligence is operationally defined as the score of an intelligence test that measures abilities to obtain high grades in school. Suppose that four years ago I gave 1000 high school students an intelligence test, and now I find that their IQ scores were a very accurate indicator of who would do well or poorly in college. This finding would most directly demonstrate that the intelligence test has high \_\_\_\_\_. A. reliability B. sensitivity C. internal validity D. construct validity 11. Many experiments have been conducted to determine how drinking alcohol influences our behavior. Of the following experimental conditions, which one will demonstrate the placebo effect (if any)? A. Subjects expect alcohol and receive alcohol. B. Subjects expect alcohol but receive no alcohol. C. Subjects expect no alcohol but receive alcohol. D. Subjects expect no alcohol and receive no alcohol. 12. When the results of an experiment hold true in real-world situations, this experiment is said to have high \_\_\_\_\_ validity. When an experiment has tight control of many confounding variables such that the independent variable accounts for a great deal of variance observed in the dependent variable. This experiment is said to have high \_\_\_\_\_ validity. A. construct; internal B. external; construct C. external; internal D. internal; external 13. When you pair two variables, as one increases so does the other, the data show a \_\_\_\_\_ correlation; as one decreases so does the other, the data show a \_\_\_\_\_ correlation. A. positive; positive B. negative; negative C. positive; negative D. negative; positive 14. Researchers find a strong relationship between alcohol consumption and speed of response: The more alcohol consumed, the lower the response speed. Which of the following fictitious statistics could possibly represent that correlation? 15. Why do scientists and researchers use inferential statistics to determine whether their results are statistically significant? A. They want to find out whether their findings would be likely to occur by chance. B. They want to report the central tendency of their data. C. They want to investigate the degree of dispersion of their data. D. They want to test the reliability of their measurements. 16. How many pairwise comparisons show a significant difference between the two group means (assuming that when two error bars do not overlap, then the difference between the corresponding group means is significant)?  A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 17. Which statement is an operational definition of intelligence? A. The score of an intelligence test. B. The ability to break problems down into component parts. C. The ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems. D. The ability to use information to get along in life and become successful. 18. Read textbook page 50 to 51. Students without a textbook can do a Google Search using "Belmont Report" as keywords. The Belmont Report describes three fundamental ethical principles. What are these three principles? A. Respect for minority, beneficence, justice B. Respect for persons, beneficence, justice C. Respect for persons, diversity & inclusion, justice D. Respect for minority, respect for animals, beneficence 19. Read textbook page 50 to 51. Students without a textbook can do a Google Search using "Tuskegee Syphilis Study" as keywords. Who were the victims in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study? A. People with lower mental ability B. People with physical disabilities C. Asian American D. African American 20. Do a Google Search using "Institutional Review Board" as keywords. IRB is also known as \_\_\_\_\_\_ A. independent ethics committee (IEC) B. ethical review board (ERB) C. research ethics board (REB) D. All of the above 21. A developmental psychologist is examining problem-solving ability for grade-school children. Random samples of 5-year-old and 7-year-old children are obtained, with n = 20 in each sample. Each child is given a standardized problem-solving task. The psychologist records and compares the number of errors made by the two groups. What is the design of this study? A. Case study B. Between-subjects C. Within-subjects D. Mixed method 22. A researcher studies the effectiveness of a reading skills course on comprehension. A sample of 15 male students and a sample of 15 female students are studied. The researcher assesses the students' comprehension with a standardized reading test. The test is administered at the beginning and then at the end of the course. The researcher compares how male and female students' test scores change over the semester. A. Case study B. Between-subjects C. Within-subjects D. Mixed method 23. It has been demonstrated that when subjects memorize a list of words presented to them orally, words at the beginning and end of the list are remembered better than words in the middle. This observation is called the *serial-position effect*. The following data represent the number of words recalled from the first eight, second eight, and last eight words in the lists: Serial Position ----------- ----------------- -------- ------ Subject First Middle Last 1 5 2 7 2 3 1 6 3 4 3 7 and so on \-- \-- \-- 50 5 1 8 A. Case study B. Between-subjects C. Within-subjects D. Mixed method 24. A clinical psychologist wants to test the hypothesis that the mean lengths of time spent to complete a piece of art are different for trauma patients and non-trauma patients. He chose 20 trauma patients and 20 non-trauma patients and asked them to complete a piece of artwork. The trauma patients spent a mean of 4.6 hours to complete the artwork and the non-trauma patients spent a mean of 5.4 hours to complete the same piece of artwork. What is the design of this study? A. Case study B. Between-subjects C. Within-subjects D. Mixed method 25. In a study, a researcher surveys people's preferences for two types of pizza (low fat vs, regular). Participants are randomly assigned to two groups. Participants in group A are given low-fat pizza; participants in group B are given regular pizza. The participants rate how much they like the pizza given to them on a scale of 1 to 7. A. Between-subjects; 20 B. Between-subjects; 40 C. Within-subjects; 20 D. Within-subjects; 40 26. In a study, a researcher surveys people's preferences for two types of pizza (low fat vs, regular). Low-fat pizza and regular pizza are available for all participants, and they are asked to try both. The participants rate how much they like each kind of pizza on a scale of 1 to 7. A. Between-subjects; 20 B. Between-subjects; 40 C. Within-subjects; 20 D. Within-subjects; 40 27. In a study, a researcher surveys people's preferences for two types of pizza (low fat vs, regular), and how these preferences are related to age. Low-fat pizza and regular pizza are available for older (above 65) and younger adults (under 65), and they are asked to try both. The participants rate how much they like each kind of pizza on a scale of 1 to 7. A. Between-subjects; 40 B. Within-subjects; 40 C. Mixed method; 40 D. Mixed method: 80