Developmental Psych Week 1-10 Quiz PDF

lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Developmental Psych Week 1-10 Quiz Developmental Psychology (University of South Australia) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Down...

lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Developmental Psych Week 1-10 Quiz Developmental Psychology (University of South Australia) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Week 1 Quiz Question 1 Human beings everywhere have essentially the same biological constitution, yet their paths through the life span are remarkably different depending on ____. a. their genetic lineage b. the strength of their id c. their culture d. the expression of their phenotype Question 2 Working with persons suffering from various mental health problems, Freud concluded that a consistent theme across patients was that they seemed to have experienced some kind of ____. a. momentous event that classically conditioned a fear within them b. biological unfolding of the genetic code that is interfering with daily life c. incongruent self-concept that is interfering with daily functioning d. traumatic event in childhood now buried in their unconscious Question 3 According to Erikson, what happens when a person who had difficulty with the developmental challenge in one stage enters the next stage? He or she is ______. a. equally likely to do well with the new stage as someone who achieved the developmental challenge at the earlier stage b. at high risk for being unsuccessful at the next stage as well c. doomed to failure in the next stage d. more likely to do well since he or she experienced the difficulty in the previous stage Question 4 What is Bronfenbrenner’s term for the network of interconnections between the various immediate environments that the individual experiences? a. Mesosystem b. Macrosystem c. Microsystem d. Exosystem Question 5 Many theories of development do not address culture. Why does Bronfenbrenner’s theory hold that culture is so important? He recognises that ______. a. culture is a fixed influence on our development b. culture should be factored out to determine what really influences development c. cultural beliefs are the basis for many other conditions of children’s development d. nearly everyone lives in a very similar culture Question 6 Which of the following is considered the most important consideration in human development research? a. Protection from physical and psychological harm b. Deception and debriefing c. Confidentiality d. Informed consent prior to participation Question 7 Professor Smith is conducting a research study on discrimination; however, he is afraid that if he tells subjects the true nature of his research, they might provide a socially desirable response and skew his results. To minimise socially desired responses and skewed results, Professor Smith may use ______. a. a case study b. deception c. observational research d. informed consent Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Question 8 Observational methods have an advantage over questionnaires and interviews in that they involve _____. a. less-involved data analysis b. the reporting of behaviour by a close relative of the participant c. actual behaviour rather than self-reports of behaviour d. behavioural intentions Question 9 In ____ research, data is collected on a sample of people on a single occasion. Then, the researcher examines potential relations between variables in the data, based on the hypotheses of the study. a. sequential b. longitudinal c. semi-reliable d. cross-sectional Question 10 Which of the following is true in relation to developmental domains? a. The physical domain is most important b. These interrelate and influence each other c. These operate independently from one another d. There are 7 distinct domains Question 11 Which theoretical perspective most closely aligns with Indigenous Psychology? a. Piaget b. Erikson c. Bronfenbrenner d. Freud Question 12 Please match the terms below The emic perspective focuses on understanding psychological aspects of a particular group & using this to refine theories and generate new understandings. The etic approach looks for similarities and differences between cultures. Question 13 An individual’s complete genetic makeup is his or her ____. a. allele b. phenotype c. genotype d. reaction range Question 14 Sadira’s mother was a star athlete and qualified for the Olympic team in the marathon. Sadira, in her first year of high school, does not think that she will need to train to become a member of the school’s cross-country team. Sadira keeps telling you that her mother was a great runner, so she will also be a great runner. What do you think? a. Sadira might have the genotype for running ability, but she will need to train to become a great runner. b. It is unlikely that Sadira even has the genotype for running. c. Sadira has also inherited the genes for superior intelligence. d. She is correct; she will be a great runner no matter what she does. Question 15 If having more than five fingers occurs because of a dominant gene, what needs to happen for a person to have more than five fingers? a. A person must have that dominant gene. Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 b. Both dominant genes must be present. c. A person must have two recessive genes. d. The gene must mutate. Question 16 Who is more affected by X-linked inherited disorders? a. Children under 1 year of age b. Males c. Females d. Adults with mutations Question 17 Which of the following statements best describes the nature–nurture debate? a. Most characteristics develop from only nature. b. Most characteristics develop from a combination of nature and nurture. c. Most characteristics develop from only nurture. d. Most characteristics develop solely from nature or nurture, but not both. Question 18 If you were to design a research study that examines depression in relation to concordance rate, which of the following are the best groups to use for comparison? a. Identical twins and adoptees b. University students and the general public c. Identical twins and fraternal twins d. Fraternal twins and adoptees Question 19 The concept of reaction range proposes that ____ establish(es) boundaries, whereas ____ determines where a person falls within that range. a. phenotype; genotype b. environment; genetics c. polygenic inheritance; homogenetic inheritance d. genetics; environment Question 20 Approximately what percentage of blastocysts do not implant successfully? a. 15% b. 80% c. 50% d. 30% Week 2 Quiz Question 1 When your neighbours brought their baby home from the hospital, he weighed less than at birth. They were very concerned; what would you tell them? a. They should start formula feeding immediately b. It is normal for babies to lose weight right after birth. He should regain the weight before a couple of weeks go by c. They probably need to try to feed the newborn 2 hourly. d. They should return to hospital immediately Question 2 The Apgar scale assesses colour, heart rate, breathing, muscle tone and ____. a. strength b. speed of responding c. reflexes d. weight Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Question 3 Which of the following describes a neonate who was born small-for-date? a. They weigh less than 90% of other infants born at the same gestational age b. They are 10% shorter than other infants born at the same gestational age c. The circumference of their head is 85% of other infants born at the same gestational age d. Their height is 15% longer than other infants born at the same gestational age Question 4 Your friends are worried because their newborn sleeps 16 or 17 hours a day. What would you tell them? a. They should try to wake up their neonate every 8 hours. b. Sleeping this long is highly associated with laziness during adolescence. c. On average neonates sleep about this amount of time. d. Their newborn probably has a sleeping disorder. Question 5 ____ is the reflex that helps the neonates find the nipple before they have learned how to feed from their mother’s breast. a. Babkin reflex b. Rooting reflex c. Suckling reflex d. Moro reflex Question 6 What is the earliest sense to develop in neonates? a. Hearing b. Touch c. Sight d. Smell Question 7 What have anthropologists concluded regarding the proximity of mothers and infants during infancy? For 99% of human history, infants were______ a. placed on strict feeding schedules b. bound or close to their mothers almost constantly c. separated from their mothers for sleeping d. only picked up during feeding Question 8 You are creating an educational presentation for new parents about the benefits of breastfeeding. What of the following information should NOT be included in this presentation as it is untrue? a. Breast milk has properties that provide protection from illnesses early in life b. Breast milk contains antibodies that help strengthen the immune system c. Breastfed infants often refuse to eat a wider variety of food flavours and choices later in life d. Breastfeeding for at least 6 months may reduce the likelihood of childhood obesity Question 9 Helena first develops the ability to control her head. She then could sit up unassisted, and eventually could walk. This progression of motor development reflects the ____. a. thoracic torso principle b. proximodistal principle c. cephalocaudal principle d. phalangeal-metatarsal principle Question 10 While providing solace to a family who have just been told that their infant sustained brain damage in a car accident, Dr. Doofenschmirtz tells them that the good news is that the infant is young, and his brain is not fully mature. As Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 compared to an adult, the infant’s brain has not been shaped or formed but is still highly responsive to the environment and the prognosis is good. Which of the following describes the topic of Dr. Doofenschmirtz’s discussion? a. Cognitive neurology b. Brain plasticity c. Nature vs nurture d. Biological physiology Question 11 The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived. The children were later adopted and recovered dramatically in physical development. It was found that the recovery in cognitive development ____. a. did not occur for any of the children b. not only recovered quickly, but the children outperformed other children very rapidly c. was dependent on the age in which the children were adopted d. recovered rapidly for all children Question 12 By 9 to 12 months of age, infants can hold a small object between their thumb and forefinger, such as marbles, coins and crayons. What is the name of this ability? a. The drawing grasp b. The pincer grasp c. The palmar grasp d. The plantar grasp Question 13 Along with maturation, Piaget emphasised that cognitive development is driven by ____. a. information processing b. the rewards and punishments that shaped the child c. the child’s effort to understand and influence the surrounding environment d. the parents’ efforts in helping the child understand his or her world Question 14 Six-month-old Aisen is playing on his back. He accidentally grabs a toy when his hand touches a toy. He likes the noise that it makes, so he grabs the toy again and tries to shake the toy. According to Piaget, what substage of the sensorimotor stage is Aisen experiencing? a. 2: first habits and primary circular reactions b. 3: secondary circular reactions c. 1: simple reflexes d. 4: coordination of secondary schemas Question 15 Having only used his own children as subjects, Piaget greatly underestimated the influence of ____ on cognitive development. a. school b. culture c. genetics d. the id Question 16 Habituation is defined as ____. a. a dwelling that a person occupies b. the gradual decrease in attention to a stimulus after repeated presentations c. an individual’s desire, but inability to quit using an active substance d. an increased attention when a new stimulus is presented several times Question 17 Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Joint attention not only is the basis for an infant’s information-processing development, but it also fosters ____. a. personality styles b. language and emotional communication c. physiological growth d. object permanence Question 18 Which of the following are the five primary emotions? a. Jealousy, joy, shame, lust and surprise b. Guilt, joy, envy, embarrassment and happiness c. Embarrassment, surprise, jealousy, joy and hurt d. Anger, fear, disgust, surprise and happiness Question 19 Your nephew was born in mid-June, so you had 2 months to play with him before you left for university. It seemed like your nephew really enjoyed when you rocked and held him. When you saw him next at Christmas, he was 6 months old. What was his likely reaction to seeing you again? a. He acted overjoyed to see you because he remembered you. b. He was happy to see you because he was too young for stranger anxiety. c. He acted like he had no idea who you were but smiled at you. d. He was afraid as if he had stranger anxiety. Question 20 Social referencing is when ____. a. an individual with a shy personality engages in introspection to develop a greater awareness of their identity in relation to their social world b. an individual has a disregard for social cues or etiquette c. an individual may ask for help when a social situation is ambiguous d. an individual observes the emotional responses of others and uses that information to shape their own emotional response Week 3 Quiz Question 1 Which of the following is a protein deficiency that primarily affects toddlers in developing nations and leads to a range of symptoms such as lethargy, irritability and thinning of hair? a. Marasmus b. Kwashiorkor c. Eczema d. Tuberculosis Question 2 Early brain development is distinguished by the steep increase in ____. a. synaptic density b. neuronal density c. neuropathways d. neuronal lipids Question 3 During toddlerhood, new synapses in the frontal cortex are produced at a rate of ____ per second. a. 2 thousand b. 2 billion c. 2 million d. 2 hundred Question 4 Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 After watching a news report that stated Australian children do not get enough sleep, you become worried because your son, who is 2 years old, is only sleeping 13 hours a day—12 at night and a one-hour nap. Which of the following statements is supported by research? a. Your son sleeps less than the average amount and he needs more sleep. b. Your son sleeps more than the average amount and you should speak to your paediatrician. c. Your son sleeps the average amount, and you should not be worried. d. Sleep research is inconsistent; therefore, this news story is invalid. Question 5 Your brother was hoping that his daughter would grow up to be a gifted soccer player. She is still not making much progress in learning to walk, and she is 14 months old. What would you tell your brother? a. He should probably give up on the notion that she will ever play soccer. b. That there is considerable variation when children begin walking and it has nothing to do with later development of athletic ability. c. Not to worry, children do not start walking until they are 18 months old. d. The age when a toddler begins walking is negatively correlated with intelligence, so she is most likely gifted. Question 6 At 12 months, an infant will be able to ____. a. hold a container while placing rocks into it b. kick a ball while running c. write their name with a crayon d. brush their teeth Question 7 Your friend is frustrated because she has tried to toilet train her 24-month-old son for the past week, but progress is slow and taking longer than she would like. Which of the following statements is a proper response to your friend? a. ‘I’m surprised he’s not potty trained yet. You might want to see a paediatrician.’ b. ‘Be patient, it is not going to happen overnight. Some children take months or even years to become potty trained.’ c. ‘Most toddlers learn how to use the potty in two weeks, so you’re almost there.’ d. ‘You really shouldn’t toilet train until the child stays dry throughout the night. So, I don’t think he’s ready just yet.’ Question 8 In this Piagetian stage, toddlers intentionally try out different behaviours to see what the effects will be. a. Simple reflexes b. First habits and primary circular reactions c. Secondary circular reactions d. Tertiary circular reactions Question 9 Avoiding the A-not-B error is an indicator of whether a toddler has overcome ____. a. categorisation b. deferred imitation c. object permanence d. egocentrism Question 10 The ability to repeat actions observed at an earlier time is ____. a. secondary circular reactions b. object permanence c. action memory d. deferred imitation Question 11 Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Vygotsky’s view of cognitive development is very different from Piaget’s view of cognitive development in that Vygotsky’s emphasises ____. a. The child’s interactions with the physical environment b. Genetic inheritance from one’s parents c. Cognitive development as both a social and cultural process d. Neural plasticity Question 12 What concept would accurately describe teaching your daughter how to dress herself? You first dressed her, indicating what you were doing and why, then you had her help as you dressed her and lastly allowed her to dress herself as you watched and helped if needed. a. Scaffolding b. Negative reinforcement c. Guided instruction d. Zone of Proximal Development Question 13 ____ are single words that a toddler uses that can represent different forms of whole sentences. a. Underextension b. Overextension c. Holophrases d. Fast mapping Question 14 Your neighbour’s 14-month-old toddler says things like ‘cup!’ when he means that he would like a cup of milk. Your neighbour thinks that his toddler is very lazy. What is happening? The toddler is ____. a. language delayed and needs professional assistance b. using holophrases, which is developmentally appropriate c. trying to manipulate his father and needs to be disciplined d. cognitively impaired and might have a genetic disorder Question 15 At around 24 months of age, toddlers begin to combine spoken words into two-word phrases for the first time. These combinations are called ____. a. short sentences b. telegraphic speech c. holophrases d. instrumental speech Question 16 Which of the following are secondary emotions? a. Sadness, disgust and joy b. Anger, fear and happiness c. Shame, guilt and embarrassment d. Surprise, sadness and anger Question 17 Twenty-eight-month-old Nicole saw her friend crying and she responded by giving her friend a toy. Which emotion was Nicole expressing? a. Shame b. Empathy c. Apathy d. Sadness Question 18 Which of the following best describes a toddler who securely attached during the Strange Situation test? Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 a. The toddler usually cries upon separation but when the mother returns, they greet her happily and begin to smile. b. The toddler shows little or no interaction when she is present and no response when she departs. c. The toddler is less likely than others to explore the room and shows greater than normal distress when she leaves. d. The toddler seems dazed and detached when the mother leaves the room and remains fearful upon her return. Question 19 ____ is the most common attachment style, whereas ____ is the most rare. a. Insecure–avoidant; secure attachment b. Secure; insecure–avoidant attachment c. Disorganised-disoriented; secure attachment d. Secure; disorganised-disoriented attachment Question 20 When is autism or ASD usually diagnosed? a. During infancy b. During toddlerhood c. After age 5 d. At birth Week 4 Quiz Question 1 By age 3, the brain is about ____ of its adult weight, and by age 6 it is ____. a. 70%; 90% b. 60%; 80% c. 50%; 70% d. 80%; 100% Question 2 What is the brain system that is involved in attention? a. Reticular formation b. Cerebellum c. Corpus callosum d. Hippocampus Question 3 You and your roommate are discussing your early childhoods. She is getting very frustrated because she cannot remember anything that happened to her before about age 2. She remembers stories that her parents told her about when she was younger, but she does not actually remember those memories herself. What would you tell her? The inability to remember anything prior to age 2 is common and is referred to as ____. a. infantile amnesia b. brain damage c. childhood forgetfulness d. false memories Question 4 Malnutrition is believed to be indirectly responsible for about half of early childhood deaths. Why? Because of a lack of sufficient food ____. a. all other options b. reduces the effectiveness of the immune system c. leads to too much myelination d. is associated with antimicrobial resistance Question 5 Gross motor skills are to ____ as fine motor skills are to ____. Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 a. writing; throwing b. throwing; writing c. jumping; running d. running; jumping Question 6 What marks the beginning of representational thought? When children begin to ____. a. internalise the images of their sensorimotor activities b. remember where they left play objects c. externalise their true wishes and desires d. recognise their family members Question 7 Which of the following statements best captures why a child may fail the conservation task? a. ‘They can reverse the action mentally and can see that the amount of water is the same.’ b. ‘They frequently attribute human thoughts and feelings to stuffed animals and dolls, often thoughts and feelings they have themselves.’ c. ‘They fail to understand that the amount of water remains the same even though the appearance of the water changes.’ d. ‘They tend to pick the photo that matches their own perspective, not the dolls.’ Question 8 What is the term that is used to describe when individuals are unable to distinguish between their own perspective and another person’s perspective? a. Reversibility b. Centration c. Conservation d. Egocentrism Question 9 Which of the following best describes a child who lacks classification? a. ‘They often focus on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of other important aspects.’ b. ‘They have difficulty understanding that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one class or group.’ c. ‘They often attribute human thoughts and feelings to inanimate objects and forces.’ d. ‘They have no difficulty understanding that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one class or group.’ Question 10 What is one of the criticisms that other cognitive theorists and researchers have regarding Piaget’s theory of cognitive development during the preoperational stage? They believe that development is actually much more ____. a. continuous and much less stage-like b. stage-like and less continuous c. vacillating and not predictable d. stable and rarely changed Question 11 During early childhood, emotional self-regulation is considered ____. a. very unlikely to be accomplished b. not possible until the child completely understands the concept of ‘self’ c. not possible due to the immature development of the frontal lobe areas d. one of the major developmental tasks Question 12 Your brother has a daughter in early childhood who has an excessive degree of self-regulation. He is not quite sure if he should be happy, since she very rarely has any difficulties, or if he should be concerned. What would you tell him? Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 a. He should be concerned, because overcontrol can be associated with depression and anxiety when she gets older. b. He has nothing to be concerned about. Overcontrol is associated with extraordinary academic success. c. He should not be concerned; she will lighten up on her own soon. d. He should be glad; a friend of yours has a child who has absolutely no self-regulation and that child is very hard to control. Question 13 ____ is (are) a gender-based cognitive structure for organising and processing information. a. Gender schemas b. Gender awareness c. Gender fluidity d. Gender knowledge Question 14 What do early childhood educators and scholars believe with regard to teaching students in early childhood preschool programs? a. There should be formal instruction. b. Students learn best through rote learning and repetition c. Students should memorise large lists of materials to be recalled at a later time. d. Instruction should be given through active engagement with materials. Question 15 What is defined as the degree to which parents are sensitive to their children’s needs and express love, warmth and concern for them? a. Parental strictness b. Parental demandingness c. Parental responsiveness d. Parental control Question 16 What is a distinctive feature of authoritative parents? a. They are quite passive in their responding. b. They explain the reasons for their rules and expectations to their children. c. They respond with anger to questions from their children. d. They do not care whatsoever their children do. Question 17 What parenting style is high in demandingness, but low in responsiveness? a. Authoritarian b. Disengaged c. Permissive d. Authoritative Question 18 If you were an authoritarian parent, how would you handle a child who only wanted to eat a banana split for dinner? a. ‘Whatever, I don’t care.’ b. ‘Great, let’s go for it!’ c. ‘It would be much better to eat a healthy dinner first and have a banana split for dessert if you are not full.’ d. ‘Absolutely not, under no circumstance will I allow that!’ Question 19 Boys with authoritarian parents are more likely to show ____, whereas girls more often show ____. a. ADHD and high grades; personality disorders and low grades b. personality disorders and low grades; ADHD and high grades c. aggressiveness and unruliness; anxiousness and unhappiness d. unhappiness and anxiousness; aggressiveness and unruliness Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Question 20 Numerous studies have determined that boys play in what ways in their play groups? They engage in ____. a. very introspective play with considerable role playing b. watching television and acting out the roles they are watching c. quiet play with many individuals cooperatively playing d. rough and tumble, high activity and aggressive play Week 5 Quiz Question 1 Estimates of children’s outdoor time for children today, compared with the previous generation suggest? a. Children today spend the same amount of time outdoors b. Children today on average spend a quarter as much time outdoors c. Children today on average spend half as much time outdoors d. Children today spend twice as much time outdoors Question 2 According to the Australian Health Survey, what proportion of children and young people (aged 5-17) exceeded the recommendation of “no more than 2 hours of screen based entertainment” every day? a. 100% b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 2/3 Question 3 Angela Hanscom argues that children need opportunities to spin, flip, twist, and get out of the upright or seated position in which they now spend most of their time. This is particularly important for the healthy development of: a. interoception b. none of the other answers c. the vestibular system d. proprioception Question 4 The loose parts and open-ended resources available in nature have been most associated with enhancing which aspect of children’s cognitive development? a. egocentrism b. creativity c. metacognition d. rehearsal strategies Question 5 In the week 5 reading ‘the impacts of unstructured nature play on health and childhood development: A systematic review’ by Dankiw et al. (2020), the primary finding was: a. children’s health and developmental outcomes were typically higher for traditional than natural play spaces b. natural play spaces were beneficial for physical health and developmental outcomes compared with traditional play spaces but not for cognitive or social/emotional domains c. children’s health and developmental outcomes were typically higher for natural than traditional play spaces d. there was no difference in children’s health and developmental outcomes between natural and traditional play spaces Question 6 TRUE OR FALSE? The majority of the global population currently lives in urban locations True False Question 7 Match the sensory systems to the correct definition below Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 This system has been described as the key to all other senses and sensory integration. It is important for balance and movement and paying attention and is strengthened by activities where children can spin, roll, and be upside-down - Vestibular system This refers to the way our joints and muscles send messages to our brains regarding our positioning and movement. It helps us to understand where our limbs are in relation to each other; to regulate pressure/force; and to navigate. It is strengthened through "heavy work" - Proprioception Question 8 Match the examples below to demonstrate your understanding of the differences between risks and hazards Climbing a tree - Risk Using a tool - Risk Bees nest - Hazard Fraying rope on a swing - Hazard Question 9 Which domain(s) of learning outcomes did Kuo et al argue are strengthened through children's exposure to nature. a. Academic achievement b. Personal development c. Environmental stewardship d. All other answers Question 10 _____ is/are the most common vision problem in middle childhood, which has been linked with increased time spent reading, writing, and on screens and less time outdoors. a. Macular degeneration b. Colour blindness c. Myopia d. Cataracts Week 6 Quiz Question 1 Myopia is also known as ____. a. binocular vision b. farsightedness c. nearsightedness d. monocular vision Question 2 ____ is the ability to move quickly and precisely, whereas ____ is the response to changing information. a. Coordination; strength b. Strength; coordination c. Agility; reaction time d. Reaction time; agility Question 3 In many developing countries, children become valuable as factory workers in middle childhood because of their ____. a. ability to perform intricate fine motor tasks such as weaving rugs b. ability to perform gross motor tasks such as threading a needle on a sewing machine c. cognitive ability to perform complex conceptual tasks such as designing products d. emotional stability, because some adult factory employees are hot tempered Question 4 Among developed countries, increasing rates of __________________ children are ranked as obese or overweight. a. 1 in 10 b. 1 in 20 c. 1 in 15 Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 d. 1 in 6 Question 5 What percentage of obese/overweight children remains obese/overweight in adulthood? a. 80% b. 40% c. 20% d. 60% Question 6 According to Piaget, the advances of concrete operations are evident in new abilities for performing tasks of ____. a. hypothetical, deductive reasoning and hypothesis testing b. egocentrism, animism and language development c. conservation, classification and seriation d. the development of motor skills and hand–eye coordination Question 7 What two advances occur during middle childhood in information processing abilities? a. Visual scanning and search routines b. Attention and memory c. Motivation and diligence d. Decentering and critical processing Question 8 You are in your first year of teaching fourth grade. There is quite a bit of remodelling going on at your school, which creates a fair amount of noise. You are surprised at how well your students are able to pay attention to what you are saying. You remember your developmental course and recall that children in middle childhood are more capable of focusing their attention because they are able to ____. a. disregard what is irrelevant b. process information at the subliminal level c. be more critical processing information d. engage in abstract thinking Question 9 In Australia, it is estimated that approximately ____ of children are diagnosed with ADHD. Boys are about ____ more likely than girls to have ADHD. a. 15%; 6 times b. 7%; 2 times c. 30%; 3 times d. 2%; 2 times Question 10 Your daughter borrowed $14.75 from you while you were shopping so she could purchase a doll that she didn’t have enough money for. When you get home, you tell your daughter how much she owes you so that she can pay you back. She keeps repeating 1, 4, 7, 5 over and over as she walks to her room to get the money. What memory strategy is she using? a. Rehearsal b. Organisation c. Repetition d. Elaboration Question 11 What is one of the major criticisms of intelligence tests? a. They’re too difficult for most people b. They’re not accurate c. They’re culturally biased d. They’re not relevant to academic or professional behaviour Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Question 12 Who developed the concept of multiple intelligences? a. Robert Sternberg b. Alfred Binet c. David Wechsler d. Howard Gardner Question 13 The phonics approach advocates ____. a. emphasises the meaning of written words in whole passages b. that schemas are changed through assimilation and accommodation c. allowing a child to explore their world as a means of cognitive growth d. teaching children by breaking down words into their component sounds and then putting the sounds together into words Question 14 Emotional understanding advances from early to middle childhood because children ____. a. they become intensely interested in making a good impression on members of the opposite sex b. have formal training in school regarding emotions c. become able to understand not only their own emotions, but also the emotions of others d. are able to play sports and to be involved in athletics, which helps them appreciate their emotions and the emotions of others Question 15 You are impressed with the social development of your son, who is in middle childhood. The way that he describes his positive and less strong attributes is noticeably different than the way he discussed himself when he was in early childhood. What is a likely comment that your son would say at this time? a. ‘I wish that I could play soccer all day long!’ b. ‘I really love playing soccer, but I have a little difficulty shooting.’ c. ‘I like my soccer ball.’ d. ‘My soccer team is 4 and 1 for the season.’ Question 16 Self-esteem ____ in the transition from early childhood to middle childhood. a. declines slightly b. increases steadily c. remains constant d. dramatically drops Question 17 In modern developed countries, children’s gender attitudes and behaviour during middle childhood ____. a. become more rigid and less flexible b. become more stereotyped c. are very accepting and integrated d. are heavily influenced by their parents Question 18 In middle childhood, children become more capable of going about their daily activities without constant monitoring and control by others. They are better at functioning independently, with a little guidance from others, also called ____. a. unilateral regulation b. co-regulation c. we-regulation d. independent regulation Question 19 Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Many stepfathers and stepchildren eventually form harmonious, close relationships. How does this happen? a. The stepfather completely ignores his stepchildren until they are ready to approach him. b. The stepfather acts warmly and openly to his stepchildren and does not immediately try to assert stern authority. c. The stepfathers assert themselves immediately so that the stepchildren know who the disciplinarian is. d. The stepfather brings home gifts frequently and establishes weekly allowances. Question 20 The prevalence of bullying ____ through middle childhood and ____ in early adolescence, then ____ substantially by late adolescence. a. rises; peaks; declines b. declines; plateaus; rises c. rises; declines; rises d. declines; rises; declines Week 7 Quiz Question 1 Approximately how many people in Australia are estimated to be living with a disability? a. 4.4 million b. 2.4 million c. 1.4 million d. 10.4 million Question 2 This model of disability locates disability within the individual - The medical model This model of disability acknowledges individual impairments but sees disability as shaped by societal forces - The Social Model Question 3 Which of the following is not a priority area of Australia’s Disability Strategy? a. Education and learning b. None of the other responses c. Personal and community support d. Community attitudes Question 4 TRUE OR FALSE? The NDIS provides support for acquired temporary and permanent disability? True False Question 5 According to the video, contemporary Early Intervention Practice positions families as partners in the therapeutic process. Question 6 Research has suggested that a person’s ACE score is related to health outcomes in later life. Which ACE score is likely to be associated with the poorest health outcomes? a. 1 b. 9 c. 6 d. 3 Question 7 ABS data suggests as many as 1 in ___ Australian children experience abuse and neglect in their lifetime a. 15 b. 7 c. 3 Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 d. 20 Question 8 The type of child abuse most commonly substantiated is: a. Neglect b. Physical abuse c. None of the other options d. Emotional abuse Question 9 Children who have experienced abuse and trauma will often have a gap between their chronological age and development True False Question 10 Developmental Trauma Disorder is another name for PTSD. True False Week 8 Quiz Question 1 Kohlberg viewed moral development as based on ____. a. biological maturity b. psychological functioning c. cognitive development d. environmental forces Question 2 The word puberty is derived from the Latin word pubescere, which means to grow ____. a. older b. hairy c. more mature d. adult-like Question 3 The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia; however, ____. a. bulimia nervosa is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa b. anorexia nervosa is slightly more common than bulimia nervosa c. anorexia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females d. bulimia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females Question 4 Adequacy of ____ accounts for the average age of menarche being lowest in industrialised countries. a. exercise and education b. nutrition and medical care c. parental care and knowledge d. family relationships and friendships Question 5 According to the text, resilience is promoted by ____ that enable adolescents to overcome risk elements, or factors that may impede or stifle their success in life. a. imposing factors b. buffering factors c. protective factors d. inoculating factors Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Question 6 A(n) _____ is holding the belief of one’s uniqueness of personal experiences and personal destiny, whereas a( n) ____ is an exaggerated image of a highly attentive audience for the adolescent’s appearance and his or her behaviour. Select one: a. personal fable; imaginary audience b. imaginary audience; personal fable c. metacognition; egocentrism d. egocentrism; metacognition Question 7 Which of the following best describes hypothetical-deductive reasoning? a. The ability to form stable concepts as well as to think in images and symbols b. The ability to coordinate sensations and actions through reflective behaviours c. The ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, patterns and relationships d. The ability to think scientifically and apply the rigor of the scientific method to cognitive tasks Question 8 What term is used to describe a temporary period of sadness, without any related symptoms? a. Depressed mood b. Depressive syndrome c. Major depressive disorder d. Pseudo-depression Question 9 During adolescence, neurological overproduction or exuberance occurs throughout the brain; however, it is especially pronounced in the ____. a. occipital lobe b. frontal lobes c. primary motor cortex d. hypothalamus Question 10 Pubertal changes begin when a threshold of ____. a. body fat is reached b. a specific age is reached c. specific height is reached d. after the rites of passage have occurred Week 9 Quiz Question 1 The age of ____ is an age when people explore various possibilities in love and work as they move towards making enduring choices. a. instability b. feeling in-between c. possibilities d. identity explorations Question 2 In Erik Erikson’s theory of development, each stage of life has a central crisis, and in adolescence the crisis is ____. a. integrity versus despair b. identity versus role confusion c. trust versus mistrust d. autonomy versus shame and doubt Question 3 Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 Patrick is an emerging adult. For a time period he lived with a group of friends from high school, then he moved back home with his parents, and now he has an apartment of his own. Which of the following characteristics of emerging adulthood best describes Patrick’s situation? a. Age of identity explorations b. Age of possibility c. Age of instability d. Self-focused age Question 4 The maturity of what brain area promotes the kind of focused attention and goal-directed behaviour that leads to expertise? a. Auditory cortex b. Occipital cortex c. Frontal cortex d. Parietal cortex Question 5 For individuals in developed countries, what is the most important marker of the transition to adulthood? a. Graduating from university b. Getting married c. Having children d. Accepting responsibility for oneself Question 6 Moving from adolescence, most individuals experience a slight increase in self-esteem as they enter into emerging adulthood. Which of the following is a _physiological _factor that boosts self-esteem? a. The ending of puberty b. Developing career goals c. An established self-concept d. Graduating from secondary school Question 7 Which of the following are two aspects of cognitive development that occur during young adulthood? a. The acquisition of expertise and creativity b. Decentration and the conception of false beliefs c. Egocentrism and an imaginary audience d. Reversibility and personal fables Question 8 What is the main reason that it takes most students longer than 4 years to complete an undergraduate degree? a. Students are not academically prepared for university training and must take remedial coursework. b. Financial concerns require that students also work, which increases the time to complete the degree. c. Students lack focus and change their majors quite a few times, which adds on to their academic programs. d. Many students transfer to a different institution that does not accept all of their previous credits. Question 9 What are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods? a. It is the age of identity explorations, instability, being self-focused, feeling in-between, and possibilities. b. It is the age of stability, being other-focused, identity diffusion, feeling in-between and stagnation. c. It is the age of identity moratorium, stability, feeling marginalised, being self-focused and developing a global worldview. d. It is the age of instability, being other-focused, identity foreclosure, feeling marginalised and possibilities. Question 10 Currently, what can be stated regarding the obtainment of post-secondary education? a. Only the elite and privileged have access to it b. It is a normative experience Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 c. It is a male-dominated experience d. Only individuals who are interested in trade schools experience post-secondary education Week 10 Quiz Question 1 The ____ is a social phenomenon that limits women’s advancements in the workforce due to gender discrimination. a. glass tower b. glass elevator c. glass escalator d. glass ceiling Question 2 According to Erikson, which of the following is the major crisis for middle adulthood? a. Trust versus mistrust b. Identity versus confusion c. Generativity versus stagnation d. Integrity versus despair Question 3 Hearing declines in midlife for adults in developed countries, especially for ____. a. speech sounds b. low-pitched sounds c. high-pitched sounds d. bone-conducted sounds Question 4 Based upon contemporary research, the claim of a ‘universal’ midlife crisis is ____. a. inevitable b. unavoidable c. true d. false Question 5 Which of the following is the most common form of leisure for individuals who are in middle adulthood? a. Watching television b. Sports and outdoor activities c. Board games and crossword puzzles d. Video games Question 6 In a national study of more than 3,000 Americans ages 25 through 72 (Brim, 1999), it was found that those in midlife (ages 40 to 60) were ____. a. not more likely to be experiencing a crisis than at other ages b. more likely to be experiencing a crisis than at other ages c. more likely to be experiencing a crisis than at younger ages d. less likely to be experiencing a crisis than older adults and more likely to be experiencing a crisis than younger adults Question 7 With regard to self-concept, which of the following is most consistent with an individual who possesses a high degree of autonomy? a. An individual with a single dimensional self who lacks an appreciation or knowledge of who they really are b. An individual who is less concerned with other’s assessments of them than when they were younger and who is more inclined to assess himself or herself according to self-defined standards c. An individual who sees himself or herself as being able to handle a variety of roles and responsibilities effectively Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|13568077 d. An individual who is aware and accepting of having a mix of good and bad characteristics, but overall feels more positive Question 8 Which of the following best explains why visual acuity declines during middle age? a. The lens of the eye enlarges and becomes less flexible and less transparent. b. The occipital lobe, the area of the brain that controls vision, becomes less efficient. c. The retina of the eye becomes less pliable and malleable, therefore affecting acuity. d. The phenomenon known as binocular vision becomes less efficient and slowly disappears. Question 9 What type of intelligence involves information processing abilities such as short-term memory, ability to discern relations between visual stimuli and speed of synthesising new information? a. Verbal intelligence b. Performance intelligence c. Fluid intelligence d. Crystallised intelligence Question 10 In terms of attention, with age people seem to become less able to ____. a. remember important information b. pay attention to relevant information c. inhibit a response to irrelevant information d. withhold a response when angered Downloaded by Kingsley Norris ([email protected])