Chapter 2 powerpoint.pdf

Presentations for PowerPoint Introduction to Medical Terminology Chapter 2 Basics of the Body Learning Outcomes (1 of 2) After studying this chapter, you will be able to identify and define the roles of the basic word parts used to build descriptive terms of the body, including anatomi...

Presentations for PowerPoint Introduction to Medical Terminology Chapter 2 Basics of the Body Learning Outcomes (1 of 2) After studying this chapter, you will be able to identify and define the roles of the basic word parts used to build descriptive terms of the body, including anatomical positions, planes, and positioning terms; identify and describe body cavities, abdominal quadrants and regions, and organs found in each; identify the organization of the body; correctly pronounce medical terms using phonetic spellings; Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Learning Outcomes (2 of 2) After studying this chapter, you will be able to correctly spell medical terms; combine word parts to build new medical terms and dissect medical terms into their word parts; interpret medical abbreviations; and understand basic anatomical terms. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Medical Word Parts Medical word parts make up many of the terms used to describe the anatomy and physiology of the human body. In this section, you will learn medical word parts related to anatomical terms of: location; position; direction; and structures. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.  Combining Forms (see pg 20) Combining Form Meaning Combining Form Meaning abdomin/o abdomen caud/o tail anter/o front cephal/o head astr/o star; star-shaped chondr/o cartilage bol/o cast; throw crani/o skull carcin/o cancer cyt/o cell Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Prefixes Prefix Meaning Prefix Meaning a- not; without exo- outward ana- apart hyper- above; above normal; excessive endo- in; within hypo- below; below normal; deficient epi- on; over; upon pro- before; forward eu- good; normal trans- across Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Suffixes Suffix Meaning Suffix Meaning -al, -ar, -iac, -ic, pertaining to -ism process; -ior, -tic condition -blast developing cell -logy study of -cyte cell -osis process; abnormal condition -gen substance that -plasia development; produces formation -genesis formation -tomy process of cutting; incision Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Your Turn: Word Parts What are the meanings of the following word parts? anter / o intra- within; into front -cyte cervic / o cell -oma neck; cervix tumor; mass poster / o -pathy disease back; behind brady- slow Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Anatomical Position Used when describing a particular location, position, and direction of the body Standing upright, head and feet facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Descriptive Terms Anatomy—the study of the structures of the body Physiology—the study of the functions of body structures Pathophysiology—the study of disease Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Terms for Anatomical Location, Position, and Direction (1 of 3) Anterior—front side Ventral—belly side Posterior—tail end or rear (back side) Dorsal—back of the body Medial—near the midline Lateral—near the side of the body Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Terms for Anatomical Location, Position, and Direction (2 of 3) Proximal—near the point of origin Distal—away from the point of origin Superior—closer to the top of the head Inferior—closer to the soles of the feet Cephalic—near the head Caudal—near the tail or inferior end Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Terms for Anatomical Location, Position, and Direction (3 of 3) © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Anatomical Planes (1 of 3) Frontal plane divides the body into front and back sections Also called the coronal plane © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Anatomical Planes (2 of 3) Midsagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right halves Sagittal plane divides the body into unequal left and right sections © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Anatomical Planes (3 of 3) Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower sections © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Remember This: Anatomical Planes Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves? midsagittal plane Which plane divides the body into upper and lower sections? transverse plane Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Terms of Position (1 of 2) Erect High Fowler’s position Knee-chest High Fowler’s Lateral Knee-chest Lateral © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Terms of Position (2 of 2) Low Fowler’s position Prone Low Fowler’s Semi-Fowler’s position Prone Sims’ position Semi-Fowler’s Supine Sims’ Supine © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Remember This: Anatomical Terms What word means “near the midline or center of the body”? medial What is the name of the body position used for CT and MRI scans? supine position Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Body Cavities © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Abdominal Quadrants Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Abdominal Regions © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Remember This: Cavities and Regions Which body cavity protects the heart and lungs? thoracic cavity What is the name of the abdominal region that contains the belly button? umbilical region Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Organization of the Body The cell is the basic structural unit of the body. A tissue is a combination of similar cells. An organ is a collection of tissues working together to perform a particular function. A body system consists of a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. An organism is a life form made up of interdependent parts (cells, tissues, organs, and body systems), all of which work together to maintain life. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cells Specialized cells include muscle cells, epithelial cells, fat cells, and nerve cells Cell division occurs through mitosis (most cells) or meiosis (sex cells) Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cell Processes and Conditions (1 of 4) Aplasia a / plasia Carcinogen carcin / o / gen Chondrocyte chondr / o / cyte Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cell Processes and Conditions (2 of 4) Eukaryotic eu / kary / o / tic Extracellular Fibroblast fibr / o / blast Hematocytoblast hemat / o / cyt / o / blast Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cell Processes and Conditions (3 of 4) Histogenesis hist / o / genesis Hypertonic hyper / ton / ic Hypotonic hypo / ton / ic Intercellular © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cell Processes and Conditions (4 of 4) Monochromatic Prokaryotic pro / kary / o / tic Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Tissues Epithelial tissue—forms skin, organ linings, and some glands Connective tissue—supports and connects organs and body tissues Muscle tissue—contracts to produce bodily movement Nervous tissue—receives and conducts electrochemical impulses Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Organs Composed of several kinds of tissue that work together to perform a specific function For example, the heart is composed of muscle, connective, nervous, and epithelial tissue Victor Moussa/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Body Systems (1 of 2) Groups of organs that work together to perform a complex function There are 11 major body systems adike/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Body Systems (2 of 2) Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Respiratory Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Remember This: Body Systems Which body system is shown here? lymphatic system © Body Scientific International Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Careers to Consider LPN/LVN Nurse Practitioner Physician’s Assistant FatCamera/E+ via Getty Images Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.