Chapter-2_AIS101.pdf

Chapter 2 Introduction to Information System  Information system (IS) is used by people and business organizations for the improvement of processes and operations to make things simpler and easier. It is a combined set of modules for gathering, processing, and storing of...

Chapter 2 Introduction to Information System  Information system (IS) is used by people and business organizations for the improvement of processes and operations to make things simpler and easier. It is a combined set of modules for gathering, processing, and storing of data and for delivering of information and digital products.  Data vs. Information Data from the Latin word, datum, Information is popularly described refer to raw, unorganized, and as refined, structured, and unprocessed facts. organized data. A process is Data can be in the form of a required to transform data into number, alphabets, date, information. measurement, and even Information is data that have been statement. organized and processed to Data are facts that are collected, provide meaning and improve recorded, stored, and processed decision- making. by a system. Insufficient for decision making. Concept of Data vs. Information Concept Example Raw Facts 90,65,75,85,54,96 Student’s exam Score Conversion of data Information Average of Students exam score Characteristic of Quality Information SYSTEM A system can be defined as a collection of parts that interact, interconnect, and work together to accomplish certain objectives. A system is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals. A subsystem is a part of a whole system that has its own area of immediate focus. Types of System Natural systems Man-made systems These systems are made by These systems are designed, nature. developed, and implemented by Typhoons, floods etc. human beings. Transportation system, education and health system, computer system https://www.pharmacistsgatewaycanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/canada_healthcare_system.jpg https://www.vecteezy.com/free-vector/water-cycle-diagram https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gang-He- https://i.ytimg.com/vi/udRNUBHbE0o/maxresdefault.jpg 19/publication/277076774/figure/fig23/AS:614327220453382@1523478431189/Schematic-of-an- intelligent-transportation-system-Source.png Computer System A computer system is an integrated form of different Cycle of Computer System components that work together to give a desirable result. (tutorial.com) A computer system is a basic, complete and functional hardware and software setup with everything needed to implement computing performance. (techopedia.com) A computer system takes inputs and processes them to create inputs. Information System Information System (IS) is a man made system that collects, stores, retrieves, process, manages, disseminates, and analyzes information needed to facilitate a business organization’s operational functions and support its management in making decision. Information system is a set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), store, and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective. IS provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goal and objectives. Information System Input is the activity of gathering and capturing raw data. Processing means converting or transforming data into useful outputs. Output involves producing useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports. Feedback is information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities. Information System Master Data Permanent data stored in IS for a long time. These data may include Customer master data Employee master data Subject master data Two types of update in Master Data Information Processing – data processing functions that are commonly related to internal operations and economic and financial activities. Data Maintenance – system’s functional activities such as adding, saving, deleting, updating, retrieving, and editing data from the master data. Five Major Components of IS. Hardware – physical layer of the information system Example: Servers, workstation, networks, scanners, mobile devices Software – programs that control the hardware Data – raw material/facts that an information system transforms into useful information. Procedure – describe the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve a specific results. People – have interest in an information system are known as stakeholders (Management group, users/end user) Three logical components of business process within the scope of an IS. Information process refers to a portion of an IS closely related to a specified business process. Operation Process refers to man made IS that consists of people, policies, procedures, and equipment whose main objective is to accomplish a certain goal of a particular business organization. Management Process refers to man made IS that consists of people, policies, procedures, and equipment whose main objective is to plan, manage, and control the overall operations of a business organizations. Information Technology VS Information System Information Technology refers Information System collect, to any technological or stores, retrieves, processes, computer based tool primarily manages, disseminates, and used for supporting the needs analyzes information needed of business organizations. to facilitate organizations operational functions and support management in making decisions. https://seidenbergnews.blogs.pace.edu/files/2021/04/Information-Technology-vs.-Information- Systems-1-1200x675.png Capabilities of an IS Processing transactions quickly and precisely. Managing large capability storage and fast and easy access storage. Efficiently communicating through a network. Easing information overload for users. Supporting decision making. Serving as a competitive weapon against competitors. Uniting an organization through the coordination of its big and small groups. Strengthening organizational memory and learning and exploring new things. Determining the process of separating products and services. Automating business process. Major Role of IS Managing Operations Collaborating on Teams ❑Operation Management ❑Social Networking sites Supporting Customer Gaining Competitive Interactions advantage ❑CRM Individual productivity Making Decisions ❑Business Intelligence Computer-Based Information System A computer-based information system (CBIS) is a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. https://informationsystemis.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/22.jpg Components of CBIS Hardware – consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities. ▪ Input Devices ▪ Output Devices ▪ Central Processing Unit ▪ Control Unit ▪ Arithmetic Logic Unit ▪ Memory Unit ▪ Storage devices ▪ Primary storage ▪ Secondary storage https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SSnNY8GfZig/hqdefault.jpg Components of CBIS Software – refers to the set of computer program that control the overall operation of the computer system. Types of Software System Software – control the overall operation of a computer Application Software – refers to an end user program also known as productivity software. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BTB86HeZVwk/sddefault.jpg  Software licenses Software can be divided, from a commercial point of view, using two features: the cost and the permission to be modified. Cost Freeware Shareware Commercial Subscription‐based Private Permission Open source Copyleft Proprietary https://asindiaone.com/img/products/assolution_software_licensing.png Components of CBIS Database – a collection of related files and records that are stores in a special location for easy access Networks – the connection of two or more computers established for the purpose of sharing various data. https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-types-of-databases-tools.png Components of CBIS Procedures – the rules, policies, and methods that administer the operation of a computer system People – the most crucial component of IS https://media.istockphoto.com/vectors/characters-vector- id1134220675?k=20&m=1134220675&s=612x612&w=0&h=LCXU0e2Djyz5rs9Hpb25m3-RhByP- 8WLTBAaz1HLwBI= Other Components of CBIS Telecommunication – refers to the electronic transmission of information within a specific distance. Internet – largest type of network that allows user to share information worldwide. World Wide Web (WWW) – accessible through the internet, and it consists of multimedia collections that are stored in a particular database of CBIS. Type of Information System Transaction Processing System Known as real time processing system An IS for all types of business transactions. It captures, stores, classifies, maintains, updates, and retrieves transaction data for records keeping and inputting data to other types of CBIS. Batch Processing Online/Real time Processing Type of Information System Management Information System Consist of hardware and software application that support all the organization’s business transactions. Collects raw data from different computer systems, analyzes and process them and report them to assist and serve in decision making. Type of Information System Decision Support System A computer based application that helps companies identify and give solutions by making decisions on how to solve problems including issues on raw data, documents, employee and company profiling and management and business models. Responsible for delivering information to managers who makes assessments about specific scenarios that are not well-managed. Type of Information System Executive Information System A specialized DSS that assists senior executive in making decisions. It provides easy access to valuable information necessary to achieve organizational goals Four components Hardware Software Telecommunication User Interface Developing Information System System Development consists of the procedures in building and upholding information system (IS) Systems development is the activity of creating or modifying information systems. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is one of the methodologies used in software development. System Development Life Cycle SDLC emphasizes that the system can be developed in a series of phases. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. (techtarget.com) System Development Life Cycle 7 MAINTENANCE 1 PLANNING 6 IMPLEMENTATION 2 SDLC ANALYSIS 5 TESTING 3 DESIGN 4 DEVELOPMENT Phases of the SDLC System Planning Begins with a formal request which is known as System request Perform a preliminary investigation Key part of preliminary investigation is a feasibility study Technical Economic Operational System Analysis Understand the proposed system Build logical model of the new system Phases of the SDLC System Design Determines how the new system should be developed to meet the business needs defined during systems analysis. System Development The new system is developed. The new components and programs must be obtained and installed. Users of the system must be trained in its use. System Testing All aspects of performance must be tested. If necessary, adjustments must be made at this stage. Stages IS are tested Unit Test System Test Programmers provide inputs When all subsystems appear to directly to each module of the operate correctly, programmers new system and inspect its test the system as a whole output to make sure it operates correctly. User test Testing by the people who will Subsystem Test use the system Tested module are combined into subsystem. It catches errors in communication among modules. Phases of the SDLC System Implementation The system is ready for deployment or implementation. System Maintenance Project teams carefully assess the system to help reduce the cost of operation and maintenance through several methods like feedback collection, error detection and elimination, and optimal performance standards. Information System Security Information Security Protecting information and information systems from malicious software and unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, disruption, or destruction. Information Security Management The process of identifying the security controls to keep and defend information assets. Thank You! Prepared by: Jane Ann P. Austria