CHAPTER-1-PATHFIT-3.docx.pdf

CHAPTER 1 PATHFIT 3 ( RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES ) Every individual has rhythm. It is found in all of nature and is natural to every individual. Rhythm is most clearly seen through dance- the art of movement What is rhythm? Is...

CHAPTER 1 PATHFIT 3 ( RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES ) Every individual has rhythm. It is found in all of nature and is natural to every individual. Rhythm is most clearly seen through dance- the art of movement What is rhythm? Is the regular recurrence of accented and unaccented beats. Rhythms Is a term which denotes an aspect of a quality of movement that is sometimes thought of as dance. When an individual moves in response to a particular rhythm or music we call the movements as rhythmic movements or rhythms. Structured forms which start creative rhythmic movements are called rhythms. Rhythmic activities are the physical manifestations of the mental and emotional response of the individual to rhythm. They are activities which a child responds to physically, socially, and mentally to regular patterns of sound. They are also a source of enjoyment for people of all ages. Through these activities, skills and the sense of rhythm are acquired and developed, feelings are expressed, basic principles of time, space and force can be experienced. Everyone reacts to music or rhythm in one form or another. A head swaying, a foot tapping, fingers snapping, shoulders and body moving while a musical piece is played are physical reactions. Dance refers to movement set to music where there emerges organization, structure and pattern. It is a composition that implies arrangement of parts into a form. Dancing is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment. The word dancing came from an old German word “ danson” which means to “ stretch”. Essentially, all dancing is made up of stretching and relaxing. OBJECTIVE OF RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES 1. Develop skills necessary for recreational enjoyment. 2. Maintain good posture and physical efficiency. 3. Promote emotional freedom. 4. Develop a balanced and well-coordinated body. Rhythmic fundamentals In the field of dance, there are certain fundamental knowledge and rhythmic skills considered important for proficiency and efficiency in bodily movements. Elements of Rhythm: 1. Beat—the underlying pulse of a rhythm. 2. Tempo—rate of speed of a movement. 3. Intensity—variation of stress of movement. 4. Pitch—lowness or highness of a tone. 5. Accent—emphasis on certain beats. 6. Meter—the regular recurrence of beats which divides a musical design into measure. 7. Phrase—measures grouped together. 8. Bar—in music a vertical line across a staff dividing it into equal measures of time. 9. Count—a pulse beat, a time limit. 10. Note—a printed symbol of a musical tone. 11. Measure—a group of pulse beats. 12. Note pattern—refers to a note or set of notes with or without rest used for a certain dance step. 13. Step pattern—refers to the movement or movements done for each of the dance steps. Elements of movement Space: 1. Direction—is the line of movement taken which maybe forward, backward, sideward, diagonal, upward, or a combination of those mentioned. 2. Level—is movement through space that maybe done at a high, low, or medium level. 3. Range—refers to the area covered as the body moves. It maybe small as when the movement is done in one’s place; or large when movement covers a wide area as when getting away from one’s place. 4. Floor Pattern—the path or design that is made while moving in space is what is termed as floor pattern. It may take a form of a circle, square, straight line or zigzag. Movement Qualities: Movement expression is attained through the elements of time, force and space. Time qualities: 1. Movements which is fast Examples: galloping horse Jet plane 2. Movement which is slow Examples: turtle Flower growing The Basic Natural Movements: 1. Locomotor movements Are those that move the body in space in any direction with the feet as the moving base. Examples: walking, running, jumping, hopping, skipping, leaping, galloping and sliding 2. Non-locomotor Are those in which various parts of the body move in space with a fixed base. The base may be standing, kneeling, sitting or lying. Non-locomotor movements: 1. Flexion--- Bending or shortening of a body part occurring at a joint. 2. Extension—Turning, twisting or circling 3. Pendular Swinging/ swaying arms forward, backward or sideward. 4. Percussive—Striking and hitting: pushing and pulling. 5. Vibratory Shaking and beating. 6. Sustained---- A slow, smooth flowing movement with a balance of movement throughout the entire series. 7. Suspended--- A sharp movement followed by a series of slow or prolonged movements until a peak is reached. A jumping jack 4. Smooth, sustained movement Examples: Airplane Fish swimming Space Qualities: Movement up and down Examples:Bouncing ball Yo-yo 1. Movement across, back and forth or around Examples: Rowing boat A merry-go-round 2. Movement which is low Examples: Ants  Turtles 4. Movement which is high Examples: Kites Clouds  PHASES OF THE DANCE PROGRAM 1. Creative Rhythms Are sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural dances. A creative rhythm is an end product of exploration and improvisation of movements as children learn to move the parts of their body and to use them as instruments of expression. 2. Folk/ Ethnic dance Is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generations. It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region or country. Folk dancing belongs to the people. It emanates from them. Ethnic tribes have their specific tribal art forms originated and danced by the people of the tribe. Examples of folk dances are the rural and country dances, jotas, mazurkas, pandanggos, among others with foreign influence. Examples of ethnic dances are the dances of the mountain peoples of the Cordilleras, dances of the ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley Region and the ethnic dances in the Mindanao Regions. 3. Social and Ballroom Dance The setting of the social and ballroom dance is a social gathering with the more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. Social and ballroom dancing are generally held in the evenings. The participants are usually in formal attire. 4. Recreational Dance Includes dance mixers, square dance round and couple dances. Many of these dances have simple patterns and combinations of walking steps, polka step and the waltz step. The setting is usually informal gatherings and parties, reunions etc. 5. Creative Dance Is the highest form of dance. It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movements as the dancer or the choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions, ideas, and  interpretations. This is a dance with a definite form, a beginning and an ending. The principles of art form are all observed in the composition of the dance. Examples of creative dance are ballet, jazz,and modern or contemporary dance. FORMATIONS commonly Used in RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES: 2. Single circle, facing clockwise 3. Single circle partners facing 4. Single circle, facing counterclockwise 5. Single circle, facing center 6. Double circle, partners facing 7. Double circle, facing clockwise 8. Double circle, couples facing 9. Square or quadrille formation 10. Semi-circle or half moon 11. Double lines, facing front 12. Double lines, partners facing 13. Long open formation Values of dancing 1. Physical fitness 2. Cultural 3. Social 4. Recreational FUNDAMENTAL DANCE POSITIONS There are five fundamental or basic positions in dance that are commonly termed as 1st position, 2nd position, 3rd position, 4th position, and 5th position of the feet and arms. 1st position Feet: Heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees. Arms: Both arms raised in a circle in front of chest with the finger tips about an inch apart. 2nd position Feet: Feet apart sideward of about a pace distance. Arms: Both raised sideward with a graceful curve at shoulder level. 3rd position Feet: Heel of one foot close to in-step of other foot. Arms: One arm raised in front as in 2nd position; other arm raised upward. 4th position Feet: One foot in front of other foot of a pace distance. Arms: One arm raised in front as in 1st position; other arm raised overhead. 5th position Feet: Heel of front foot close  to big toe of rear foot. Arms: Both arms raised overhead. Fundamental position of arms: Combination Fundamental Position of Arms & Feet