Chapter-1-Nouns (1).pdf

NOUNS WHAT IS A NOUN? is name of a person, place, plant, animal, object, event, and idea. functions as subject, subject complement, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, etc.  CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS Proper Noun -refers to a specific person, place, thi...

NOUNS WHAT IS A NOUN? is name of a person, place, plant, animal, object, event, and idea. functions as subject, subject complement, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, etc.  CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS Proper Noun -refers to a specific person, place, thing, event, or idea. Examples: Simba, Marxism, Death March Common Noun -refers to a generic person, place, thing, event, or idea. Examples: river, island, lion, scientist Concrete Noun -refers to something that can be perceived by the senses. Examples: blackboard, bluebird, body odor  Abstract Noun -refers to something that cannot be perceived by the senses. Examples: white lie, principle, value, love Collective Noun -refers to a collection of persons, places, things, or ideas. Examples: company, parliament Non-collective Noun -that does not refer to a collection of persons, places, things, or ideas. Examples: bishop, lawmaker, ballerina Count Noun -refers to something that can be counted. Examples: journal, message, kilowatt, book  Non-count/Mass Noun -that cannot be counted, but can be measured Examples: sugar, powder, oil Singular Noun -refers to only one person, place, thing, event, or idea. Examples: diary, tooth, appendix Plural Noun -refers to two or more persons, places, things, events, or ideas. Examples: diaries, teeth appendices Simple Noun -is composed of only one word. Examples: editor, officer, book Compound Noun -is composed of two or more words. Examples: editor-in-chief, officer-in-charge, bookworm  Masculine Noun -refers to a person, animal or thing of the male kind. Examples: duke, aviator, boy Feminine Noun -refers to a person, animal, or thing of the female kind. Examples: duchess, aviatrix, girl Common Noun -refers to a person, animal, or thing of either the male or the female kind. Examples: pilot, singer, driver Neuter Noun -refers to an inanimate object, idea, or thing of neither the male or female kind. Examples: textbook, footprint, sandcastle  Subject -serves as the topic of a sentence. Example: SARS is a lethal illness. Direct Object -receives directly the action of the verb. Example: We worship God. Indirect Object -receives indirectly the action of the verb. Example: She gave the patient a mask for SARS. Object of the preposition -follows a preposition. Example: Economies suffer because of SARS.  Object of Verbal -serves as an object of a gerund, participle, or infinitive. Example: Washing hands frequently is a way of avoiding SARS. Object Complement -serves to complement a direct object. Example: He considers himself God. Subject Complement -serves to complement a subject. Example: That deadly disease is SARS.  Nominative Address -is used in direct address. Example: God, have mercy on us. Appositive -identifies or describes another noun before it. Example: The killer disease, SARS, affected the whole world. PLURALIZATION OF NOUNS  RULE SINGULAR PLURAL student students Nouns form their plural forms by adding s. teacher teachers loves loves compass compasses Nouns ending in sibilant sounds (s, z, sh, zh, ch, and j) form their plural forms by adding es. buzz buzzes eyelash eyelashes saleslady salesladies Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant sound form their plural forms by changing y to i frequency frequencies and adding es. sensibilitysale sensibilities  RULE SINGULAR PLURAL Sunday Sundays Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel sound form their plural forms by adding s. monkey monkeys waterboy waterboys mango mangoes Nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant sound form their plural forms by adding either s or tomato tomatoes es. solo solos zoo zoos Nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel sound form their plural forms by adding s. duo duos radio radios  RULE SINGULAR PLURAL moose moose Some nouns have the same form for singular and plural equipment equipment baggage baggage tooth teeth Some nouns have special plural forms. child children brother brethren pants A number of nouns are always plural in form and meaning tweezers trousers  RULE SINGULAR PLURAL statistics statistics Some nouns ending in s may be singular or plural in meaning. news news mathematics mathematics datum data Latin-derived nouns ending in um form their plural form by changing their ending to a. bacterium bacteria phylum phyla alumnus alumni Latin-derived nouns ending in us form their plural form by changing their ending to i. radius radii focus foci  RULE SINGULAR PLURAL criterion criteria Latin-derived nouns ending in on form their plural form by changing their ending to a. phenomenon phenomena axis axes Latin-derived nouns ending in is form their plural form by changing their ending to es. basis bases ellipsis ellipses appendix appendices Latin-derived nouns ending in ix form their plural form by changing their ending to ices. helix helices matrix matrices  RULE SINGULAR PLURAL index indices Latin-derived nouns ending in ex form their plural form by changing their ending to ices. vertex vertices vortex vortices larynx larynges Latin-derived nouns ending in x form their plural form by changing their ending to ges or ces. pharynx pharynges thorax thoraces stoma stomata Latin-derived nouns ending in ma form their plural form by adding ta. schema schemata  ANY QUESTION? THANK YOU!