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Summary

These are English language notes and exercises. It includes notes on grammar, nouns, pronouns, and conjunctions.

Full Transcript

Hamood English Language Fridays And Saturdays Every cloud has a silver lining. I was going down the freeway on my bike and all of a sudden I saw something that caught me off guard. When I looked Demo Class back I saw……....

Hamood English Language Fridays And Saturdays Every cloud has a silver lining. I was going down the freeway on my bike and all of a sudden I saw something that caught me off guard. When I looked Demo Class back I saw……. Vocabulary list Brainstorming Related Vocabulary People: Chaos Darkness Sadness, Misery Destruction emotional 5 Ws and 1 H WHY? WHO? WHEN? WHERE? WHAT? HOW? Grammar! Nouns Verbs Pronouns Adjectives Conjunctions Active/ Subject And Adverb Articles Prepositions Passive Predicate Interrogative Tenses Punctuation Sentences Noun Proper Names of Places, People, Animals. Common Words generally used to classify a certain group of things. How do they enrich our writing? - This is where collective nouns come! A herd of cows A team of players A pack of wolves A cete of badgers A flock of birds A skulk of foxes A school of fish A parcel of rabbits A pride of lions A siege of herons Collective Nouns A gaggle of geese A exaltation of larks a count noun that denotes a group of individuals A colony of ants A flamboyance of (e.g. assembly, family, crew ) flamingos A crowd of people A swarm of bees A hover of trout A litter of puppies A coalition of cheetahs A troop of monkeys A shrewdness of apes A clutch of eggs A crash of rhinos A bunch of grapes Pronouns A pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun, often to avoid the need to repeat the same noun over and over. Personal: refer to you, he, she, it, we, they people and animals Interrogative: ask Who, whom, which, what, that questions Indefinite: refer to unspecified people All, any, each, none, anybody, somebody, anything, every or things Possessive: show My, your, his, her, their, its, our ownership Demonstrative: point to specific These, those things Reflexive: refer back Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves to the subject Sara had a computer which was given to her little sister later on. Jack cannot save money even if he was the one in need of it. Nouns She’s the most pampered child in her family. Exercise: Elissa said she wanted to go to Eiffel Tower for her vacations. Sara and Iman are friends since childhood. Fatima doesn’t like it when anyone interferes with her life as she grew up alone. Conjunctions Melissa is a strong headed woman so she deals with everything with maturity. Rahim can’t take an off because he had a sandwich weekend last week. Saleem had a fight with his mother so he’s out of his house. Active Active Elis is not eating his food. Active Passive Drake was ill yesterday. Passive Freda is gone for shopping. Passive Darius is in the swimming class. Active Review : Analyse every word and classify it under the correct grammar band. Lastly, note for if the sentences are active or passive. Hamood likes to watch fast and furious in his free time. There is a whole colony of ants around the spilled honey. Can you please get me some water? She is going over the speed limit. Derek doesnot like antelopes so he is going to shift elsewhere. Homework Review Tips and Tricks: Every adjective must have a noun after it as they are used to describe nouns (proper, common). Adverbs end with ‘ly’ or ‘ily’. Verbs are action words or words which follow the rules of tenses. For e.g. know (knew, known), catch (catching or caught). Prepositions mostly come before the noun or a verb. E.g. on table, in box, for boxing). Common nouns mostly come after an article (a,an,the). E.g. the desperation, a tree, an umbrella. Cloze Passages Read the title Read the entire passage: Consider the grammar: The title often contains clues Read the entire passage before Pay attention to the grammar and about the main idea. answering questions to get an syntax of the passage. overview of the story and understand the context. Lets watch this video for more insight! Serena's determination and ___1___ work had paid off. Last week, she received her final term ___2___. "Grade A for Mathematics!" she had screamed ___3___ delight. Serena could not ___4___ her eyes. She had always been weak in the ___5___ and so far her best had been a 'B'. What an improvement! Her friends ___6___ her happiness.As a reward, Serena's parents ___7___ their approval for her to go camping with her friends. Serena was elated. She had never ___8___ a night away from home. That would be the ___9___ time. She felt grown-up and Cloze independent. "I can't ___10___ for Saturday to come!" she told her friends. Passage#1: ___11___ dawned bright and clear. Serena had all her things packed long before ___12___ day. Her friends had ___13___ the East Coast Campsite for their stay. It was ___14___ to be fun. The taxi had arrived. "Have you packed in your ___15___ bag?...What about your toothbrush and towels?" her mother asked as they ___16___ towards the taxi. "Don't ___17___, Mum, I have everything. I can take ___18___ of myself," Serena reassured her. She placed her bags in the boot, jumped into the ___19___ and with a final wave of her hand, was ___20___ to the camp. Serena's determination and hard work had paid off. Last week, she received her final term results. "Grade A for Mathematics!" she had screamed in delight. Serena could not believe her eyes. She had always been weak in the subject and so far her best had been a 'B'. What an improvement! Her friends shared her happiness. As a reward, Serena's parents gave their approval for her to go camping with her friends. Serena was elated. She had never spent a night away from home. That would be the first time. She felt grown-up and independent. "I Solution: can't wait for Saturday to come!" she told her friends. Saturday dawned bright and clear. Serena had all her things packed long before that day. Her friends had booked the East Coast Campsite for their stay. It was going to be fun. The taxi had arrived. "Have you packed in your sleeping bag?...What about your toothbrush and towels?" her mother asked as they walked towards the taxi. "Don't worry, Mum, I have everything. I can take care of myself," Serena reassured her. She placed her bags in the boot, jumped into the taxi and with a final wave of her hand, was off to the camp. Grandma likes to keep busy. She ___1___ idling around and watching television all day long. She insists on washing and ironing her own ___2___ and does not believe in the use of the washing machine. "The clothes are not properly washed. They simply go ___3___ the different cycles of 'wash and spin' and come out with stains ___4___ intact," she declared. So, very often, she will scrub the collar and sleeves of Dad's ___5___ before allowing the maid to put them into the machine to be washed. Every morning, long ___6___ anyone of us is awake, Grandma Cloze goes for her morning exercise in the park opposite our house. She ___7___ herself. You see, Grandma is a ___8___ nurse. She joined the service before the war and retired at the age of forty-five. She ___9___ Passage#2 to work as a private nurse after her retirement and only gave it up at the insistence of my father who felt that she should relax and enjoy life. Grandma also helps the maid to cook and do the marketing. "Oh, Mum, ___10___ must you tire yourself out? Let the maid do the work. Besides, she does not like it," Mandy used to tell her. "Oh, but I do!" exclaimed Grandma, smiling broadly at her daughter-in- law. 1. dislikes 2. clothes 3. through 4. still 5. shirts Solution! 6. before 7. spends 8. retired 9. continued 10. why Gruesome- causing horror Incentive- motivator Serene- calm, peaceful Remaining- leftover Concise- narrowed Exhort- encourage Assignment answers 1. about 2. take 3. landed 4. missed 5. with 6. tell 7. all 8. well 9. dishonest 10. fair 11. end 12. low 13. already 14. told 15. heart 16. would 17. returned 18. scored 19. full 20. now 2. 1. end 2. much 3. look 4. shown 5. contains 6. cause 7. make 8. all 9. in 10. produce 11. down 12. by 13. possible 14. for 15. with 16. If 17. between 18. and 19. times 20. apply Let’s make sentences! Bouncy: Puns: Gruesome: Concise: Exhort: Incentive: Serene: Two parts that every complete sentence MUST have. Subject: The person, place, or thing that the sentence is about. It is usually a noun or Subject And pronoun, and it usually comes before or at the beginning of the sentence. Predicate: Predicate: The action or state of being for the subject. It includes the verb and possibly other words and phrases that modify the action. Lets watch a video for more insight! Practice! 1. Ram’s brother is quite sick. 12. The food tastes delicious. 2. William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet 13. The gown is pretty expensive. and many other famous plays. 14. My teacher chose the class monitor. 3. The boys were playing nearby. 15. My mother is a teacher in a prestigious 4. The cattle are grazing in the green field. school. 5. The baby is sleeping peacefully. 16. Every day Sam goes to school. 6. My brother studies in college. 17. Next week my grandparents are going to visit us. 7. The flowers are very beautiful. 18. The principal suspended the boys for being 8. The dog followed its owner. naughty. 9. Our parents do what’s best for us. 19. Mars is known as the red planet. 10.The Sun sets in the West. 20. Kangaroo is the national animal of Australia. 11. Cleopatra was the queen of Egypt. Main Clause: A main (independent) clause contains a subject and predicate and can stand alone. Ex. Houston plays baseball. Clauses Subordinate Clause: A subordinate (dependent) clause contains a subject and predicate but is not a complete thought. It also begins with a subordinating conjunction. Ex. Because we won the game Types of sentences There are three types of sentences. Simple Compound Complex A compound sentence contains two main clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semi- colon. Compound Compound sentences connect two simple sentences, but they often do not show a Sentences clear relationship between the two parts. Example: I waited for the bus, but it was late. Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains a main clause and one or more dependent clauses. If the dependent clause comes before the independent clause, add a comma after the dependent clause. If the main clause comes first, no comma is needed between the two. Complex sentences can show a more specific relationship between the parts of the sentence than a compound sentence. Examples: We won the game because we worked together as a team. Although I broke my arm, I still cheered for my team from the sidelines. Story- Thesis Statement and Topic Sentences Kevin did not know what people were living around him until this mysterious figure strikes. His evil brother gets killed out of nowhere and he doesn’t know who the people in his village actually are but his relative that had left him tells him a secret that changes everything. Surrounded by strange people, Kevin is enlightened by a secret his relative left behind which helps him turn over a leaf in his life, after his brother is tragically killed. 2nd Paragraph: 3rd Paragraph: 4th Paragraph: 5th Paragraph: 6th Paragraph: Spelling Test: Let’s make sentences! Ridiculous: Sacrificing: Sincerely: Temperature: Basis: Ability: Balance: Let’s make sentences! Consequence: Quantity: Relative: Hazard: Pitch: Coarse: Wreck: Tenses C:\Users\oniza\Downloads\verb tenses.ppt

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