Chapter 1 Lesson 1 for Students.pdf

GEC12 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY  Meaning and Understainding [Philippine] History and Historiography Chapter 1: Sources of [Philippine] History Introduction to Issues and Problems in [Philippine] History Phili...

GEC12 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY  Meaning and Understainding [Philippine] History and Historiography Chapter 1: Sources of [Philippine] History Introduction to Issues and Problems in [Philippine] History Philippine History and Geography Methodology in Writing [Philippine] History Philippine Geography [Physical and Cultural]  Understand the meaning of history as an academic discipline and to be familiar with the underlying philosophy and methodology What will I learn? Apply the knowledge in historical methodology and philosophy in assessing and analyzing existing historical narratives Determine the problems or difficulties in the writing and study of [Philippine] history. Justify the need to study history in order to understand one’s national identity. Lesson 1: Meaning and Understanding [Philippine] History L  q Records of the past TRADITIONAL DEFINITIONS q Chronological records of the past q Narratives/ stories of the past q Written records of the past q Study of events in the past q Study of past human events  Vague and broad § Innumerable, indistinct, not precise Merely based on § ”No written record, No History” written records § Exclusion of pre-history/pre- historic REASONS: § His story; stories of great men. The role of women was neglected. Full of biases § Women empowerment [Modern times] and prejudices § Accounts for the elite § Stories of the “inarticulate” were neglected § Individualism vs. Collectivism [Modern times]  Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it ---- George Santayana “Behind man’s success, there’s always a woman” “With great people comes great responsibility” “The rise of great empires and civilizations lies in the hands QUOTES: of great and abled leaders” “History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce”– Karl Marx “We are not makers of history. We are made by history”--- Martin Luther King, Jr. “Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall”---Confucius Etymology and Derivations: Ancient Greek, ἱστορία Old French, Latin, historia is Histoire, estorie ”a narrative of Greek, history is (historía), "story; past events, "a learning or meaning chronicle, account, tale, knowing by "inquiry", history”; story" inquiry; histōr " "knowledge Modern wise man, a from inquiry", French Histoire judge" or "judge". Etymology and Derivations: In Middle English, (1390), it is not Filipino, differentiated from German, Kasaysayan--- the story; the sense Geschichte " history saysay and of a "narrative and story". sanaysay record of past events“ HERODOTUS § "Father of History” § He was the first historian to collect and systematically document events and create an account. § He compiled these accounts into his single major work known as The Histories.  q Events should be based on facts q Events should be past human events q Events should be definite in time and in Requisites: place q Gottschalk--- history is actuality q Events should be social in nature q Events should be socially significant qRecord of life of societies of men, of the changes which those societies have gone through, of the ideas which have determined the actions of those societies, and of the material conditions which have helped or hindered their development. [Charles Firth] qIt deals with the conditions of masses of mankind living in a social state. It seeks to discover the laws that govern these conditions and bring about changes we call PROGRESS and DECAY and DEVELOPMENT and DEGENERACY qThe record of life of men in societies in their geographical and physical environment. qIt is the story of people, places and events qIt is the study of beliefs and desires, practices, institutions of human beings  Philippine Nationalist Historiography: TEODORO AGONCILLO (1912-1985) § Father of Filipino nationalist historiography § Wrote the conditions of the Philippines by analyzing the conditions of the masses.  Philippine Nationalist Historiography: RENATO CONSTANTINO § Philippine history is people's history § the recorded struggle of people for ever-increasing freedom and for the newer and higher realization of the human person § as associated man rather than as an individual § Thus, Philippine history is a “story of struggle” Philippine Nationalist Historiography: JOSE P. RIZAL § History offers the key to national identity and the bases for future development. Philippine Nationalist Historiography: ZEUS SALAZAR § a Filipino historian and proponent of Pantayong Pananaw, a self-reflective view in the study of Philippine history § Discourse as a response to the Westernized perspective of the study of Philippine History and historiography. IS HISTORY AN ART? OR A SCIENCE? HISTORY IS BOTH AN ART AND A SCIENCE Examine historical sources? Consolidate data/ resource materials Verify the veracity of the source Coherence and comprehensiveness of the data Modern definition of HISTORY: Is the imaginative and interpretative study of surviving records either written or unwritten in order to determine the meaning and scope of human existence. RECONSTRUCTION of HISTORY END OF THE DISCUSSION!