Chapter 1 Introduction to IS (1).pdf

Introduction to Information Systems Rainer, Prince, and Cegielski  Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Systems Learning Objectives After reading this Chapter, you should be able to: 1. Identify the reasons why being an informed user of information systems is important in toda...

Introduction to Information Systems Rainer, Prince, and Cegielski  Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Systems Learning Objectives After reading this Chapter, you should be able to: 1. Identify the reasons why being an informed user of information systems is important in today’s world. 2. Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization. 3. Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. 4. Identify positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Today, Every Company is a technology company The Business Problem across several industries; book, music, video, software, videogame, photography, marketing, recruiting, financial services, fundraising, genomics, motion picture, automobile, logistics, postal, oil and gas, agriculture, national defence, retailing, education, and legal profession. Information Technology (IT) and Information System (IS) IT is any computer-based tool that people use to work with information ad to support information and information-processing needs of an organization. IS collects, processes, stores, analyses, and disseminates information for a specific purpose.  Why should we study IS? Because we are digital native. The information user is YOU. You are an informed user: a person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology. IT offers careers opportunities IT is vital pool for many careers, Like; Chief Information Officer, IS Director, Information Centre Manager, Business Analyst, Network Manager, Web Designer, and many more…  Managing Information Resources Managing information systems in modern organization is difficult, complex task for several reasons.  New Functions for the MIS Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems Data item is an elementary description of things, events, activities, and transaction that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning.  Information is data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient. Knowledge consists of data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to current business problem A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks. The figure illustrates how these components (Hardware, Software, Database, Network, Procedures, and People). Information systems perform these various tasks via a wide spectrum of applications. An application (or app) is a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process. (A synonymous term is application program). Each functional area or department within a business organization uses dozens of application programs. For instance, the human resources department sometimes uses one application for screening job applicants and another for monitoring employee turnover. The collection of application programs in a single department is usually referred to as a departmental information system (also known as a functional area information system).  Breadth of Support of Information System: Certain Types of Computer- information systems support parts of organizations, others Based Information support entire organizations, and still others support groups of organizations. System  Product Analysis: developing new goods and services. In marketing Site analysis: determining the and sales, best location for production and distribution facilities. managers use Promotion analysis: identifying IT to perform the best advertising channels. the following Price analysis: setting product functions: prices to obtain the highest total revenues. Two IS support the entire organization Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP): are designed to correct a lack of communication among the functional area ISs. Transaction processing system (TPS) supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions, each of which generates data. Electronic commerce (E- commerce) Systems E-commerce systems are another type of interorganizational information system. These systems enable organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce, and customers to conduct transactions with businesses, called business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce. Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers. Knowledge Workers Office automation systems Business Intelligence systems Expert Systems. Dashboards Sytems  IT reduces the number of middle managers. IT changes the manager’s job. How does IT Will IT eliminate jobs? impact IT impacts employees at work. Organizations? IT impacts employees’ health and safety. IT provides opportunities for people with disabilities.  IT affects our quality of life. The robot revolution is here now. Importance Improvements in healthcare. of IS to society