Introduction to Computer Science Session 1 PDF

Introduction to Computer Science Session 1 Chapter 1: Information Technology, the Internet, and You Netiquette & Plagiarism Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Ezzat Labib The contents of this presentation have been prepared from Computer Essentials 2017...

Introduction to Computer Science Session 1 Chapter 1: Information Technology, the Internet, and You Netiquette & Plagiarism Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Ezzat Labib The contents of this presentation have been prepared from Computer Essentials 2017 1 Text Book 2 Study Calendar Week Topic Covered 1 Ch1: Information Technology, the Internet, and You Netiquette 2 Ch2: Application Software (Part 1) 3 Ch2: Application Software (Part 2) Plagiarism 4 Ch3: System Software 5 Ch4: System Unit 6 Ch5: Input & Output 7 Ch6: Secondary Storage 8 Mid-Term Exam (Covers the first 4 Lectures) 9 Ch7: The Internet, the Web, and E-Commerce (Part 1) 10 Ch7: The Internet, the Web, and E-Commerce (Part 2) 11 Ch8: Communications & Networks 12 Ch9: Privacy, Security, and Ethics 13 Ch10: Programming & Languages 14 Final Exam 3 Chapter 1: Information Technology, the Internet, and You 4 Why should I read this chapter?  The future of computers and digital technology promises exciting challenges and opportunities. Powerful software and hardware systems are changing the way people and organizations interact in their daily life and on the Internet.  This chapter introduces you to the skills and concepts you need to be prepared for this ever-changing digital world, including:  Information systems—how the critical parts of technology interact.  Efficiency and effectiveness—how to maximize the use of technology.  Privacy, ethics, and environment—how to integrate technology with people.  Connectivity and cloud computing—how the Internet, web, and the wireless revolution are changing how we communicate and interact. 5 Learning Objectives After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. 2. Distinguish between system software and application software. 3. Differentiate between the three kinds of system software programs. 4. Define and compare general-purpose, specialized, and mobile applications. 5. Identify the four types of computers and the five types of personal computers. 6. Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. 7. Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. 8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, cloud computing, and loT. 6  Introduction  The purpose of this course is to help you become a highly efficient and effective computer user. This includes how to use:  apps and application software  all types of computer hardware including mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops  the Internet  Becoming a highly efficient and effective computer user also requires a full understanding of the potential impact of technology on privacy and the environment as well as the role of personal and organizational ethics. 7 Information Systems  An information system parts: ◦ People, ◦ Procedures, ◦ Software, ◦ Hardware, ◦ Data, and ◦ Internet. 8 People  People are the most important part of an information system.  Our lives are touched everyday by computers direct and indirect. ◦ Direct: such as creating documents using a word processing program or when connecting to the internet. ◦ Indirect: such as using computers in medicine, entertainment, education and business 9 Procedures  The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware and data are procedures.  These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists.  Manuals are provided in either printed or electronic form. 10 Software  Software is another name for programs.  Programs consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work  The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts)  Two major kinds of software: ◦ system Software ◦ application Software 11 Software: System Software  System software is a “background” software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources.  It enables applications to interact with the computer hardware.  System software is not a single program. It is a collection of programs including: ◦ operating System ◦ utilities 12  Software: System Software  Operating Systems: ◦ Programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications. ◦ Examples: Windows and Mac OS.  Utilities: ◦ Performs tasks related to managing computer resources. ◦ Example: antivirus program. These programs protect your computer system from viruses or malicious programs that are all too often deposited onto your computer from the Internet. 13  Software: Application Software  Application software might be described as end-user software.  Application software types:  General-purpose applications o Programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user. o Examples: browsers, Word processor, spreadsheet,..etc.  Specialized applications o Programs focused on specific disciplines and occupations. o Examples: graphics and Web authoring programs.  Mobile apps, known as mobile applications or apps 14 Hardware  The equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware.  It includes smartphones, tablets, keyboards, mice, displays, system units, and other devices.  Hardware is controlled by software. 15 Hardware: Types of Computers  Computers are electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input, process that input and produce information.  There are four types of computers: ◦ supercomputers ◦ mainframe computers ◦ midrange computers ◦ personal computers 16  Hardware: Types of Computers  Supercomputers: the most powerful; special high- capacity computers used in very large corporations.  Mainframe computers: not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, they are capable of great processing speed and data storage; occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms.  Midrange computers, also referred to as servers, are computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer.  Personal computers (PCs): least powerful but most widely used and fastest-growing type of computers. 17 Hardware: Types of Computers  Types of personal computers: desktops, laptops (notebook), tablets, smartphones, and wearables. 18  Hardware: Personal Computer Hardware  Hardware for a personal computers consists of four basic parts: ◦ system unit ◦ input/output ◦ secondary Storage ◦ communications 19 Hardware: Personal Computer Hardware System unit  The system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system. 20 Hardware: Personal Computer Hardware  Two important components of the system unit: 1. Microprocessor: Controls and manipulates data to produce information. 2. Memory: is a holding area for data, instructions and information.  One type of memory is Random Access Memory (RAM) which holds program and data that is currently being processed.  RAM is called temporary memory since its content is lost when electrical power is disrupted. 21 Hardware: Personal Computer Hardware Input/output devices  Input devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that a computer can process.  Common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse.  Output devices translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand.  Common output device is the display, also known as a monitor. 22 Hardware: Personal Computer Hardware Secondary storage  Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not available.  The most important types of secondary media are: ◦ Hard disks: store programs and very large data files magnetically. ◦ Solid-state storage: does not have any moving parts, is more reliable, and requires less power. It saves data and information electronically similar to RAM except that it is not volatile ◦ Optical discs: use laser technology to store data and programs. Types of optical discs are compact discs (CDs), digital versatile (or video) discs (DVDs), and Blu-ray discs (BD) 23 Hardware: Personal Computer Hardware Communications  Communication devices, such as modems, provide personal computers with the ability to communicate with other computer systems across the globe.  A modem is a widely used communication device that modifies audio, video, and other types of data into a form that can be transmitted across the Internet. 24 Data  Data is raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images and sounds.  Processed data becomes information.  Digital data is stored electronically in files.  Four common types of files are: ◦ document files ◦ worksheet files ◦ database files ◦ presentation files 25 Data  Document files: created by word processors to save documents such as letters and memos.  Worksheet files: created by spreadsheets to analyze things such as budgets and sales.  Database files: created by database management programs to contain highly structures and organized data such as the information stored about students of a university.  Presentation files: created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. 26 Connectivity and the Mobile Internet  Almost all information systems provide a way to connect to other people and computers, typically using the Internet.  Connectivity is the capability of your personal computer to share information with other computers.  Central to the concept of connectivity is the network.  A network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.  The largest network in the world is the Internet.  The web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet. 27 Connectivity and the Mobile Internet  Along with the Internet, three things that are driving the impact of technology on our lives:  Cloud computing uses the Internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet.  Wireless communication has changed the way we communicate with one another.  The Internet of Things (IoT): is the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. 28  concept check  What are the parts of an information system?  What is a program?  What is the difference between data and information?  Which part of an information system is the most important?  Describe the two major kinds of software.  Describe two types of system software programs.  Define and compare general-purpose applications, specialized applications, and mobile apps.  What are the four types of computers?  Describe the five types of personal computers.  Describe the four basic categories of personal computer hardware.  Define data. List four common types of files.  Define connectivity and networks.  What is cloud computing? Wireless revolution? IoT? 29