Chapter 4 - Land Transportation PDF

CHAPTER 4 – LAND TRANSPORTATION Road-based Tourist Transport LAND TRANSPORTATION is also called Automobiles are defined as four wheeled "ground transportation. Land transport vehicles used for passenger transportation conveniently aids th...

CHAPTER 4 – LAND TRANSPORTATION Road-based Tourist Transport LAND TRANSPORTATION is also called Automobiles are defined as four wheeled "ground transportation. Land transport vehicles used for passenger transportation conveniently aids the travel of people in two (Gross & Klemmer, 2014). Automobiles were various ways: by road and rail transportation. converted motor carriers utilized to transport people and goods after the world war (Coyle et Advantages and Disadvantages of Land al. 2016). Transportation This turned automobile the best transport due to Mancini (2013) – identified several advantages their: affordability, flexibility, convenience, and disadvantages in utilizing land privacy, and variety of routes and transportation. destinations. Advantages Disadvantages Car Rentals Automobile Routing is It requires: flexible. Parking spaces In tourism, car rentals, also known as car hire, Baggage or Toll fees rental car, and rent-a-car, play a significant luggage Maintenance part in providing leisure travel to tourists. They handling expenses offer their services to major tourism suppliers in can be free Fuel cost. the industry such as airlines, hotels, travel of stress. Driving by car can be agents, and tour operators. tiring. Rail Fare can be Routing is not flexible. (The cost of car rentals may vary depending on inexpensive. There is a minimal space the class or type of cars rented); It is quite for storing luggage. stress-free. Subcompact or economy is a very small There is an car with few amenities, comfort, or opportunity options. Usually, it is preferred by price in scenic sensitive customers. viewing. Compact is a small car that is quite There is a bigger and more comfortable and has spacious more amenities than those of legroom. subcompact cars. There is a Mid-size or intermediate is moderately strategic rail small car that can accommodate at least station three or four people comfortably. location. Full-sized or standard is also termed as Historical Development of Land a "family car," which can accommodate Transportation three, four, or more people with more room and with ample amenities and trunk space. Premium is a superior to full-sized car but not as not luxurious as the luxury or deluxe category. Luxury or deluxe is characterized as grand and spacious and gives more comfort.  Specialty are cars like SUVs, School Buses convertible, vans, minivans, jeeps, trucks, sports car, and exotic super Yellow school buses used to transport luxury cars (e.g., Mercedes and students, often equipped with safety features like Jaguars). stop signs and flashing lights. Motorcoaches Double-Decker Buses Coach is a common term used in tourism. that Sightseeing buses in cities like London, refers to a "bus"- a huge vehicle that can carry allowing tourists to explore landmarks from the about 20 or more passengers (Dileep, 2019) upper deck. It is also referred to as "motor coach," Trolleybuses meaning it is "passenger road motor vehicle Electric buses operating in urban areas, often designed to seat at least 24 or more persons. found in cities like San Francisco, providing a This type of road transport had its beginning in unique travel experience. the 1800s, but the first motorized bus was invented in Germany by Karl Benz. Minibuses Greyhound Lines Inc. is one of the largest Small shuttle buses used for group transfers, intercity providers of bus transportation in the such as airport pickups for small parties. United States that offers affordable long- distance travel across North America. Articulated Buses Types of Bus Services Long buses with a flexible joint, used in high- density routes like those found in major 1. Regular Services -This type of bus metropolitan areas. services include inter-urban and rural transportation and urban transit systems. Road Trains 2. Special Regular Services -This type of bus services caters to schools, Combination of a bus and additional trailers, employees, and other ground passenger often used in rural or remote areas for transportation (shuttle). transporting large groups. 3. Occasional Services -This type of bus service offers charter buses and Midi Buses sightseeing transportation, which are Medium-sized buses used for local tours or commonly sought transport services in shuttles that can accommodate a moderate the tourism industry. number of passengers comfortably. Tour Coaches/Motorcoaches: Motorcoach as an Attraction A luxury motorcoach used for long-distance Hop-on, Hop-off – this motorcoach gives it sightseeing tours, equipped with reclining seats, passenger liberty and opportunity to explore the onboard restrooms, and entertainment systems. city by allowing them to get off the bus and get Commuter Buses on to another bus for a day. Vintage Buses – this type of coach gives a Local buses that operate between suburbs and tourist a memorable experience to be onboard city centers, providing short- distance travel for the restored transportation. daily commuters. Double-decker Buses – this is a two-deck or 1835 -The Continental Europe Germany and two-story buses that is capable to seat between Belgium opened their first rail routes. 60-120 passengers. 1836 - First public railway in Quebec Canada 1845 -Thomas Cook organized leisure travel. Rotel – it is also reffered to as “rolling hotel”. 19th century -This was the golden age of rail Recreational Vehicles or RV – is a vehicle with transportation. a provision for a living area that is used for 20th century - Other modes of transportation traveling, camping, or recreation. It is also such as automobiles, buses, and planes began to termed as a motorhome or towable. challenge rail transportation. Bicycle – is a non-motorized land-based History of Rail Transport in the Philippines transport. It is also considered an alternative and It was 1875 when King Alfonso XII of Spain sustainable to way go around the city and visit set a decree to establish a general plan for the tourist attractions. railroad line in Luzon. The United States road network – is the 1891 - The first commercial line (Ferrocarril longest and biggest road network in the world. line) was opened in Bagbag, Pangasinan. Rail Transport 1892 - The line from Manila to Dagupan was complete and set for This mode of transport is defined by Dileep commercial operations.This line had a total (2019) as "a transport of passengers and goods length of 195.4 kilometers. using vehicles designed to run along railroads or 1896 - The rail operations were interrupted due railways." to the revolutionary forces Rail travel serves as an alternative mode of that took over. transport to air and road. It is considered a mass 1899 - The Manila-Dagupan railway was used and energy-efficient transportation via land by the Americans to pursue (Dileep, 2019). Aguinaldo after he declared war against the Americans. Chronological Development of Rail 1900 - The American Colonial government Transportation restored and returned the railroad services to the Philippine government. 15th century - Rooted from wagon roads, 1917 - This was the final nationalization of the wooden rails used manpower or horse power to Manila Railroad Company (MRRCO.), pull wagon carts. the English name of Ferrocarril de Manila- 16th century -The British utilized rail Dagupan. transportation to carry coal mines. 1931 -The first operation of the Bicol train. 17th century - Wooden rails and wheels were 1938 - Formal inauguration of the unified replaced by iron steel. system of the railroad from San 18th century -The steam locomotive engine Fernando, La Union in the North to Legazpi in was invented. the South 1825 - Stockton and Darlington Railroad 1954-1956 - The Manila Railroad Company Company was the first railroad to run regular adapted diesel engines in its fleet of scheduled trains. services for passengers and goods. 1964 - Philippine National Railways (PNR) 1830 - It was when the first scheduled steam- was created through Republic Act No. powered rail passenger service in the USA 4156. happened.  Kinds of Rail Travel coaster and ghost trains, and mountain railways that may include adhesion Transportation Rail -This type of rail railways, funiculars, cog railways, and so travel caters to passengers commuting on. either short or long-distance travels. High Speed -This kind of rail travel is International Rail Transportation through high-speed trains that provide System Train travel is characterized as an the fastest way to get from place to efficient, fast, convenient, and less place. It is also known as bullet trains, expensive mode of transport, particularly like Japan's Shinkansen, Amtrak of in European countries. USA, and TGV of France. Specialty Train -This is also known as Other developments that enhanced rail "scenic railways." It offers super deluxe service are: services that are usually owned Eurail - This is the most extensive railway privately. This type of train is system for travel in Europe. Eurail allows considered an attraction itself. tourists to travel within EU countries using a Local Train -This type of train is also one entry pass. referred to as a commuter train. TGV - This is a high-speed train that operates all over France and beyond. The Monorail -This type of train tends to be international TGV services connect France used commonly in airports. It is with Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, operating on a single beam or rail. Italy, and Spain. Seikan Tunnel -This 53-kilometer Cable-propelled -This type of train includes railway tunnel passes beneath the aerial tramways, gondolas, Tsugaru Strait and connects Aomori and cable cars that are popular tourist Prefecture on Honshu Island and transport. Hokkaido. Seikan tunnel is known as the world's deepest and longest Narrow-gauge railway -This type of train railway tunnel. utilizes a narrower track gauge National Railroad Passenger that is used mainly for tourism. Corporation, Amtrak - It is simply known as "Amtrak." It is a corporation Rail Traffic system striving to deliver a high-quality, safe, and on-time rail passenger service in Rail traffic is subdivided int: the United States. 1. Railway transportation - often seen in the city Blue Train is a luxury rail or "luxrail" in a. rapid transit- (subway, city railway, Africa. This superb "hotel-on- wheels" tram) travel between Pretoria and Cape Town. It b. inter-urban rail services – (line haul, offers a memorable experience to its charter carrier, night trains) passengers by providing elegant lounges, c. other rail traffic- (heritage railways, light fine dining, and luxury suites. railways, and narrow-gauge railway) In Mexico, the Copper Canyon 2. Specialty rail -includes rail amusement train is a captivating train ride that sector such as toy trains, roller allows its passengers to experience spectacular scenery.  The Light Rail Transit System Line 1 is "Parking or parked" shall mean that a motor considered to be the first LRT system in vehicle is parked if it has been to a stop on the Southeast Asia. shoulder "Tourist" shall mean a foreigner who travels Land Transportation in the Philippines from place to place for pleasure or culture. Republic Act 4136 is also known as the "Land Transportation and Traffic Land Transportation Government Agencies Code of the Philippines." This is an act to compile the laws related to land 1. Land Transportation Office (LTO) - This transportation and traffic rules, creation of a government agency is charged with promoting land transportation commission, the safety and comfort of public travelers with and for other purposes. regard to motor vehicles. 2. Land Transportation Franchising and "Motor vehicle" shall mean any vehicle Regulatory Board (LTFRB) - The propelled by any power other than muscular main purpose of this agency is focused on power using the public highways. simplifying the land transportation industry franchising system. "Passenger automobiles" shall mean all pneumatic-tire vehicles of types similar to 1. Office for Transportation Security (OTS) - those usually known under the following terms: OTS is a single authority that covers touring car, command car, speedster, all modes of transportation. Its main sports car, jeep, cyclecar. responsibility is to make sure that the transportation systems of the country are "Driver" shall mean every and any licensed secured. This office was formed by the virtue of operator of a motor vehicle. Executive Order No. 277 2. Toll Regulatory Board (TRB) - The TRB "Professional driver" shall mean every and supervises and regulates the construction, any driver hired or paid for driving or operation, and maintenance of toll facilities and operating a motor vehicle, whether for private is also responsible for the collection of toll fees. use or for hire to the public. 4. Philippine National Railways (PNR) - The PNR was created via legislation in "Dealer" shall mean every person, association, June 1964 to provide a nationwide railway partnership or corporation making, transportation system. manufacturing, constructing, assembling, 5. Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) - The remodeling, rebuilding, or setting up motor Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) is vehicles. the country's primary rail transportation owned by the government. It serviced passengers from "Garage" shall mean any building in which Baclaran in Pasay to Monumento in Caloocan ;two or more motor vehicles, either with or 6. Metro Rail Transit (MRT) - MRT3, also without drivers, are kept ready for hire to the known as the EDSA MRT or Metro star public Express, is one of the major rail systems in the capital that carries passengers from North "Highways" shall mean every public Avenue in Quezon City to Taft Avenue in Pasay thoroughfare City. The construction of this 16.9-kilometer rail system was financed by Metro Rail Corporation (MRTC)