CE100_LEC2_Subdisciplines of CE (Part 1).pdf

LECTURE 2 SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Architectural Engineering Urban Engineering Water Resources Engineering Transportation Engineering Environmental Engineering CE100 Introduction to Civil Engineering Architectural Engineering Also known as Building Engineering Ap...

LECTURE 2 SUB-DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Architectural Engineering Urban Engineering Water Resources Engineering Transportation Engineering Environmental Engineering CE100 Introduction to Civil Engineering Architectural Engineering Also known as Building Engineering Application of engineering principles and technology to building design and construction Architectural Engineering Architectural Engineer An engineer in the structural, mechanical, electrical, construction or other engineering fields of building design and construction who works with other engineers and architects for the designing and construction of buildings Urban Engineering Or Municipal Engineering Concerned with urban/municipal infrastructure Urban Engineering Municipal Engineering This involves specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining streets, sidewalks, water supply networks, sewers, street lighting, municipal solid waste management and disposal, storage depots for various bulk materials used for maintenance and public works, public parks and cycling infrastructure. Urban Engineering History: “Modern municipal engineering finds its origin in the 19th century United Kingdom, following the Industrial Revolution and the growth of large industrial cities. The threat to urban populations from epidemics of waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhus lead to the development of a profession devoted to ‘sanitary science’ that later became ‘municipal engineering’”. Source: Index to the Proceedings of the Institution of Municipal Engineers from 1874; The Municipal and Sanitary Engineer’s Handbook (1883). Urban Engineering History: “In 1984 the Institution of Municipal Engineers merged with the Institution of Civil Engineers.” “Since 1970, there has been a global trend toward increasing privatisation and outsourcing of municipal engineering services.” Source: Index to the Proceedings of the Institution of Municipal Engineers from 1874; The Municipal and Sanitary Engineer’s Handbook (1883). Urban Engineering International Organization - International Federation Municipal Engineering (IFME) - Compromising professional municipal engineers from all round of the world - Mission: to connect municipal engineers, public works of professionals, public agencies, institutions and businesses around the world in order that they can share a global pool of knowledge and experience. - Aim: to foster continued improvement in the quality of public works and wider community services. Source: Index to the Proceedings of the Institution of Municipal Engineers from 1874; The Municipal and Sanitary Engineer’s Handbook (1883). Urban Engineering Related Engineering Disciplines: - Water Resources Engineering - Transportation Engineering - Environmental Engineering Source: Index to the Proceedings of the Institution of Municipal Engineers from 1874; The Municipal and Sanitary Engineer’s Handbook (1883). Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulic Engineering) Concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage. Related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees, and to both sanitary and environmental engineering. Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulic Engineering) Application of fluid mechanics principles to problems dealing with the collection, storage, control, transport, regulation, measurement, and use of water. “The hydraulic engineer actually develops conceptual designs for the various features which interact with water such as spillways and outlet works for dams, culverts for highways, canals and related structures for irrigation projects, and cooling-water facilities for thermal power plants.” Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulic Engineering) Fundamental principles: - Fluid mechanics - Fluid flow - Mechanics of sediment - Behavior of real fluids transport - Hydrology - Physical modeling - Pipelines - Hydraulic machine - Open channel hydraulics - Drainage hydraulics Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulic Engineering) History - Earliest uses were to irrigate crops and dates back to the Middle East and Africa. - Water clock was used in 2nd millennium BC Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulic Engineering) History - Using gravity to move water include the Qanat system in Ancient Persia, Turpan water system in China and irrigation canal in Peru. Transportation Engineering Or Transport Engineering Application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods (transport). Transportation Engineering Six divisions related according to ASCE (1987) which is 1/3 of the total 18 divisions: - Aerospace - Air transportation - Highway - Pipeline - Waterway - Port - Coastal and Ocean - Urban Transportation Transportation Engineering The planning aspects involves elements of urban planning, technical forecasting decisions and political factors. Transportation Engineering Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves an urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice and route assignment. Transportation Engineering Inventories help the engineer create business models to complete accurate forecasts of future conditions of system Reviews: 1. Population 2. Land use 3. Economic activity 4. Transportation facilities/services 5. Travel patterns and volumes 6. Laws and ordinances 7. Regional financial resources 8. Community values and expectations Transportation Engineering Highway Engineering specialize with the ff: - Handle the planning, design, construction, and operation of highways, roads and other vehicular facilities as well as their related bicycle and pedestrian realms - Estimate the transportation needs of the public and then secure the funding for the project - Analyze locations of high traffic volumes and high collision for safety and capacity - Use civil engineering principles to improve the transportation system - Utilizes three design controls which are the drivers, the vehicles, and the roadways themselves. Transportation Engineering Professional Societies: - Young Professional in Transportation (YPT) - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) - American Society for Highway Engineering (ASHE) - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) - The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) - Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies (EASTS) - Transportation Science Society of the Philippines (TSSP) Environmental Engineering Application of scientific and engineering principles for protection of human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors; protection of environments, both local and global, from the potentially deleterious effects of natural and human activities; and improvement of environmental quality. Environmental Engineering Applied science and technology that addresses the issue of energy preservation, production asset, and control of waste from human and animal activities. It involves public health, waste water management, air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability and environmental engineering law. Environmental Engineering It can be either department of civil engineering or chemical engineering. Environmental “civil engineers” focus on the following: - Hydrology - Water resources management - Bioremediation - Water treatment plant design