Space standards for roads in urban areas.pdf

SPACE STANDARDS FOR ROADS IN URBAN AREAS (69-1977) INDIAN ROAD CONGRESS Jorden Zachariah Toms 2023BPLN005 INDEX 1. Scope 2. Expressway 3. Arterial Streets 4. Sub-Arterial Streets 5. Collector Streets 6. Local Streets 7. Surveys 8. Summary SCOPE Proper allocation of road...

SPACE STANDARDS FOR ROADS IN URBAN AREAS (69-1977) INDIAN ROAD CONGRESS Jorden Zachariah Toms 2023BPLN005 INDEX 1. Scope 2. Expressway 3. Arterial Streets 4. Sub-Arterial Streets 5. Collector Streets 6. Local Streets 7. Surveys 8. Summary SCOPE Proper allocation of road space reduces the risk of accidents by providing adequate room for all users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists. It optimizes traffic flow, reducing congestion and improving overall transportation efficiency. The function of a network of urban roads is to ensure safe and efficient circulation of traffic. It is desirable to establish a network of roads divided into different classifications, each system serving a particular function or purpose Principal factors for designating roads: The exisiting and proposed land uses, overall travel demand, pattern of movement by various modes of transportation, safety of traffic, environmental considerations, etc. EXPRESSWAY A divided arterial highway for motor traffic with full or partial control of access and provided generally with grade seperations at intersections. PURPOSE Expressways cater to the movement of heavy traffic at high speeds. CONNECTION R.O.W. R.O.W. They connect major points of traffic generation and serve medium to long- 3M 10.5 M 5-10 M 10.5 M 3M distance trips between large areas. SHOULDER CARRIAGEWAY MEDIAN CARRIAGEWAY SHOULDER 0.5 M MARGINAL STRIP CHARACTERISTICS INTERSECTIONS TOTAL LENGTH- 38M They are generally provided with EXPRESSWAY (6-LANE DIVIDED) grade seperation at intersections. RESTRICTIONS R.O.W. No parking, loading, unloading of R.O.W. goods. 3M 7M 5-10 M 7M 3M SHOULDER CARRIAGEWAY MEDIAN CARRIAGEWAY SHOULDER 0.5 M MARGINAL STRIP TOTAL LENGTH- 31M EXPRESSWAY (4-LANE DIVIDED) No Pedestrian access. TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS, RIGHT OF WAY LIMITS AND INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS ARTERIAL STREETS A general term denoting a highway/ street primarily for through traffic usually on a continuous route. PURPOSE Significant intra-urban travel occurs on this system. COORDINATION R.O.W. R.O.W. They should be coordinated with existing expressway systems to facilitate 3M 2M 3M the facilitation of through traffic. CHARACTERISTICS PROVISION FOR ADDITIONAL LANE 2M 3M 2M 7.5 M 4M 7.5 M 8M 7.5 M 4M 7.5 M 2M 3M 2M IDENTIFICATION SERVICE RESERVE CARRIAGE MEDIAN CARRIAGE RESERVE SERVICE A properly developed arterial street helps ROAD WAY WAY ROAD to identify residential neighborhoods, SIDEWALK VERGE VERGE SIDEWALK industrial sites, and commercial areas. CYCLE TRACK CYCLE TRACK TOTAL LENGTH- 60M RESTRICTIONS Parking, loading, and unloading activities ARTERIAL STREET(4-LANE DIVIDED) are usually restricted and regulated. TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS, RIGHT OF WAY LIMITS AND INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS Pedestrians are allowed to cross only at intersections. SPACING In highly developed central business areas: Generally spaced at less than 1.5 kilometers. In sparsely developed urban fringes: Spaced at 8 kilometers or more. SUB- ARTERIAL STREETS A general term denoting a highway/ street, primarily for through traffic usually on a continuous route, but offering somewhat lower level of traffic than arterial street. These are functionally similar to arterial streets but with somewhat lower level of travel mobility. SPACING R.O.W. R.O.W. In highly developed central business areas: Generally spaced at less than 0.5 kilometers. 2.5 M 3M 2M 3M 7M CARRIAGEWAY 2-5 M MEDIAN 7M CARRIAGEWAY 3M 2M 3M 2.5 M SIDEWALK UNPAVED SIDEWALK In sub-urban fringes: Spaced at 3-5 kilometers or more. UNPAVED CYCLE TRACK PARKING PARKINGCYCLE TRACK LANE LANE TOTAL LENGTH- 40 M SUB-ARTERIAL STREET WITH EXTRA PARKING LANE R.O.W. R.O.W. (4-LANE DIVIDED) 2.5 M 3M 2M 7.5 M 2-5 M 7.5 M 2M 3M 2.5 M CARRIAGEWA MEDIAN CARRIAGEWAY TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS, RIGHT OF WAY LIMITS AND Y SIDEWALK UNPAVED UNPAVED SIDEWALK INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS CYCLE TRACK CYCLE TRACK TOTAL LENGTH- 35 M SUB-ARTERIAL STREET(4-LANE DIVIDED) COLLECTOR STREETS A street or a road for collecting and distributing traffic from and to local streets/roads and also for providing access to arterial roads. PURPOSE They collect traffic from local streets and feed it to arterial and sub-arterial streets, or vice-versa. R.O.W. R.O.W. LOCATION They may be located in residential neighborhoods, business areas, and industrial areas. 3M 2-3 M 2M 14 M 2M 2-3 M 3M CHARACTERISTICS SIDEWALK VERGE VERGE RESTRICTIONS CARRIAGEWAY SIDEWALK CYCLE TRACK CYCLE TRACK There are few parking restrictions, TOTAL LENGTH- 30 M except during peak hours. COLLECTOR STREET (4-LANE DIVIDED) R.O.W. R.O.W. R.O.W. R.O.W. 3M 2-3 M 1M 7.5 M 1M 2-3 M 3M 3M 2-3 M 1M 7.5 M 1.25-2 M 7.5 M 1 M 2-3 M 3M CARRIAGEWAY CARRIAGEWAY MEDIAN SIDEWALK UNPAVED UNPAVED SIDEWALK SIDEWALK UNPAVED UNPAVED SIDEWALK CYCLE TRACK CARRIAGEWAY CYCLE TRACK CYCLE TRACK CYCLE TRACK TOTAL LENGTH- 21.5 M TOTAL LENGTH- 40 M COLLECTOR STREET TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS, RIGHT OF WAY LIMITS AND COLLECTOR STREET (2-LANE DIVIDED) INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS (4-LANE DIVIDED) LOCAL STREETS A street or road primarily for access to residence, business or other abutting property. Majority of trips in urban areas either originate or terminate on these streets. PURPOSE Primarily provide access to abutting properties and do not carry large amounts of traffic. R.O.W. R.O.W. CHARACTERISTICS RESTRICTIONS Allow unrestricted parking and pedestrian movement. 1M 2-3 M 2M 6-7.5 M 2M 2-3 M 1M CARRIAGEWAY PAVED VERGE VERGE PAVED SIDEWALK SIDEWALK UNPAVED UNPAVED R.O.W. R.O.W. R.O.W. R.O.W. TOTAL LENGTH- 19.5 M LOCAL STREET WITH SIDEWALK AWAY FROM CARRIAGEWAY 2.5 M 5M 2.5 M 2-3 M 6-7.5 M 2-3 M CARRIAGEWAY CARRIAGEWAY SIDEWALK SIDEWALK SIDEWALK SIDEWALK TOTAL LENGTH- 13.5 M TOTAL LENGTH- 10 M TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS, RIGHT OF WAY LOCAL STREET LOCAL STREET WITH SIDEWALK LIMITS AND INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS (CUL-DE-SAC) ADJACENT TO CARRIAGEWAY  Expressway Arterial Street Sub-Arterial Street Collector Street Local Street Diagrammatic representation between Expressway, Arterial Roads, Sub-Arterial roads, Collector Street and Local Streets Surveys that help in determining the urban space standards Traffic Volume Surveys They measure the number of vehicles passing a point on a road over a set period. This data is crucial for understanding the capacity needs of urban roads. High traffic volumes may indicate the need for wider lanes, additional lanes, or improved intersections to accommodate the flow and reduce congestion. Origin-Destination (O-D) Surveys They collect data on the starting and ending points of trips made by vehicles and pedestrians. This information helps us understand travel patterns and the distribution of traffic across the road network. It aids in designing road spaces that effectively connect key destinations and reduce unnecessary detours, contributing to more efficient road use and better space allocation. Pedestrian and Bicycle Surveys These surveys measure the number of pedestrians and cyclists using urban roads. Helps in developing safe and adequate spaces for non-motorized road users. Understanding the volume and behavior of pedestrians and cyclists helps ensure that sidewalks and bike lanes are appropriately designed into the urban road network.  SUMMARY Space standards in urban roads ensure safety, efficiency, and accessibility by providing adequate room for all users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists. They optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and support public transport. The presentation covers five road classifications: highways, arterial roads, collector roads, local roads, and private roads, each serving distinct functions within the transportation network. Highways facilitate long-distance travel with high capacity and speed, while arterial and collector roads manage urban and suburban traffic flow. Local roads provide direct access to residential areas, and private roads serve specific properties with restricted access. THANK YOU