Political Ideological Crimes PDF

**PRE-FINAL** **POLITICAL IDEOLOGICAL CRIMES** **IDEOLOGY**- Body of ideas affecting the social need and aspirations of an individual or group, a class or culture. While Bovier defines it as \"a set of doctrines beliefs that from the basis of a political, economic and other systems\" **Pathocracy...

**PRE-FINAL** **POLITICAL IDEOLOGICAL CRIMES** **IDEOLOGY**- Body of ideas affecting the social need and aspirations of an individual or group, a class or culture. While Bovier defines it as \"a set of doctrines beliefs that from the basis of a political, economic and other systems\" **Pathocracy \[is\] a system of government -** wherein a small pathological minority takes control over a society of normal people. It is in this type of government where all types of political ills arises and make it citizens suffer under its regime. In a pathocracy, all leadership positions, (down to village headman and community cooperative managers, not to mention the directors of police units, and special services police personnel, and activists in the pathocratic party) must be filled by individuals with corresponding psychological deviations, which are inherited as a rule. However, such people constitute a very small percentage of the population and this makes them more valuable to the pathocrats. Their intellectual level or professional skills cannot be taken into account, since people representing superior abilities are even harder to find. After such a system has lasted several years, one hundred percent of all the cases of essential psychopathy are involved in pathocratic activity; they are considered the most loyal, even though some of Them were formerly involved on the other side in some way. Under such conditions, no area of social life can develop normally, whether in economics, culture, science, technology, administration, etc. Pathocracy progressively paralyzes everything. Normal people must develop a level of patience beyond the ken of anyone living in a normal man\'s system just in order to explain what to do and how to do it to some obtuse mediocrity of a psychological deviant who has been placed in charge of some project that he cannot even understand, much less manage. This special kind of pedagogy - instructing deviants while avoiding their wrath -- requires a great deal of time and effort, but it would otherwise not be possible to maintain tolerable living conditions and necessary achievements in the economic area intellectual life of a society. Even with such efforts pathocracy progressively intrudes everywhere and dulls everything. Those people who initially found the original ideology attractive eventually come to the realization that they are in fact dealing with something else that has Token its place under the old name. The dis illusionment experienced by such former ideological adherents is bitter in the extreme. Thus, the pathological minority\'s attempts to retain power will be threatened by the society of normal people, whose criticism keeps growing. Therefore, to mitigate the threat to their power, the pathocrats must employ any and all methods of terror and exterminatory policies against individuals known for their patriotic feelings and military training; other specific \"indoctrination\" activities are also utilized. Individuals lacking the natural feeling of being linked to normal society become irreplaceable in either of these activities. Again, the foreground of this type of activity is Occupied by cases of essential psychopathy, followed by those with similar anomalies, and finally by people \| alienated from the society in question as a result of racial or national differences. The phenomenon of pathocracy matures during This period: an extensive and active indoctrination system is built, with a suitably refurbished ideology constituting the vehicle or Trojan horse for the purpose of anthologizing the thought processes of individuals and Society. The goal- forcing human minds to incorporate pathological experiential methods and thought-patterns and consequently accepting such rule - is never openly admitted. This goal is conditioned by pathological egotism, and the possibility of accomplishing it strikes pathocrats as not only indispensable, but feasible. Thousands of activists must therefore participate in this work. However, time and experience confirm the psychologist may have long foreseen: the entire e produces results so very limited that it is reminiscent of labors of Sisyphus. It only results in producing a gene stifling of intellectual development and deep-rooted protest against affront-mongering \"hypocrisy\". The authors and executors of this program are incapable of understanding that the decisive factor making their work difficult is the fundamental nature of normal human beings - the majority. The entire system of force, terror, and forced indoctrination, or, rather, pathologization, thus proves effectively unfeasible, which causes the pathocrats no small measure of surprise. Reality places a question mark on their conviction that such methods can change people in such fundamental ways so that they can eventually recognize this pathocratic kind of government as a \"normal state\". Normal people slowly learn to perceive the weak spots of such a system and utilize the possibilities of more expedient arrangement of their lives. They begin to give each other advice in these matters, thus slowly regenerating the feelings of social links and reciprocal trust. A new phenomenon occurs: separation between the pathocrats and the society of normal people. The latter have an advantage of talent, professional skills, and healthy common sense. They therefore hold certain very advantageous cards. The pathocracy finally realizes that it must find some modus vivendi or relations with the majority of society: \"After all, somebody\'s got to do the work for us.\" There are other needs and pressures felt by the pathocrats, especially from outside. The pathological ace must be hidden from the world somehow, since recognition of the deviant rulership by world opinion would be a catastrophe. Ideological propaganda alone could then be an inadequate disguise. Primarily in the retests of the new elite and its expansionary plans, pathocratic state must maintain commercial relations *with the countries of normal man*. The pathocratic state aims to achieve international recognition as a certain kind of political structure, and it fears recognition in terms of a true clinical diagnosis. And so, with the above considerations being brought to the forefront of pathocratic attention, this great societal disease continues to run its course through a new phase: methods of activity become milder, and there is coexistence with countries whose structure is that of normal man. In the pathocratic country, the active structure of government rests in the hands of psychopathic individuals, and essential psychopathy plays a starring role, especially during the dissimulative phase. However, individuals with obvious pathological traits must be removed from certain areas of activity: namely, political posts with international exposure, where such personalities could betray the pathological contents of the phenomenon. Individuals with obvious pathological traits are also limited in their ability to exercise diplomatic functions or to become fully cognizant with the political situations of the countries of normal man. Therefore, the persons selected for such positions are chosen because may have thought-processes more similar to the world. of normal people; in general, they are sufficiently connected to the pathological system to provide a guarantee of loyalty. Pathocracy is a disease of great social mover followed by entire societies, nations, and empire the course of human history, it has affected social political, and religious movements, as well as they accompanying ideologies, characteristic for the time and the ethnological conditions, and turned them into caricatures of themselves. Psychopaths are conscious of being different from normal people. That is why the \"political system\" inspired by their nature is able to conceal this awareness of being different. They wear a personal mask of sanity and know how to create a macrosocial mask of the same dissimulating nature. a\. Pathocrats know that their real ideology is derived from their deviant natures, and treat the \"other\" - the masking ideology - with barely concealed contempt. And the common people eventually begin to perceive this. b\. The pathological social structure gradually covers the entire country, creating a \"new class\" within that nation. This privileged class of deviants feels permanently threatened by the \"others\", i.e. by the majority of normal people. Neither do the pathocrats entertain any illusions about their personal fate should there be a return to the system of normal man. A normal person deprived of privilege or high position will go about finding and performing some work which will earn him a living; but pathocrats never possessed any solid practical talent, and the time frame of their rule eliminates any residual possibilities of adapting to the demands of normal work. If the laws of normal man were to be reinstated, they and theirs could be subjected to judgment, including a moralizing interpretation of their psychological deviations; they would be threatened by a loss of freedom and life, not merely a loss of position and privilege. Since they are incapable of this kind of sacrifice, the survival of a system which is the best for them becomes a moral imperative. **PERTINENT PERSONALITIES THAT USES POLITICS AND IDEOLOGY TO PERPETRATE CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY:** **Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989** Also known as the June Fourth Incident in China, they're series of popular demonstrations and near Tiananmen square in Beijing beginning on 15 April 1989. The protests ended with military suppression on 4 June 1989, an event Initially labelled and still widely known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre or Tiananmen Massacre. In the late 1970s, the Chinese leadership Xiaoping abandoned Maoist-style planned ca economics, and embraced market-oriented ref Due to the rapid pace of change, by the late grievances over inflation, limited career prospects students, and corruption of the party elite were grown rapidly. Communist governments were also los legitimacy around the world, particularly in Easte Europe. In April 1989, triggered by the death of deposed Communist Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang, a liberal reformer, mass gatherings and protests took place in and around Tiananmen Square. At its height, some half a million protesters assembled there. The largely student-run demonstrations called for continued economic reform, freedom of the press, Accountability from officials, and political liberalization. Peaceful protests also occurred in other cities, such as Shanghai and Wuhan, while looting and rioting broke out in Xi\'an and Changsha. **East Timor Invasion** Between 1975 and 1999, Indonesia\'s military dictatorship conducted a brutal campaign of genocide against the East Timorese, killing 200,000 people, or one third of the population. Western nations knew of Indonesia\'s plans in advance, and tacitly supported them. The U.S. and others wanted Indonesia\'s support in the United Nations and feared East Timor might vote neutral or leftist if it gained U.N. membership. Four months before the invasion, Australian Ambassador Richard Woolcott cabled his government that Gen. Benny Murdani, who led the invasion, had \"assured\" him that when Indonesia decided to launch a full-scale invasion, Australia would be told in advance. Woolcott reported that the British Ambassador to Indonesia had advised London that it was in Britain\'s terests that Indonesia \"absorb the territory. **Mao Zedong** Also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung and commonly known to as Chairman Mao (December 26, 1893-September 9, 1976), was a Chinese communist revolutionary, political theorist and politician. The architect and founding father of the People\'s Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949, he governed the country as Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China until his death in 1976. Politically a Marxist-Leninist, his theoretical contribution to the ideology along with his military strategies and brand of policies are collectively known as Maoism. **Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin** The Premier of the Soviet Union from May 6 1941 until his death in March 5 1953. Among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the Russian Revolution in 1917, Stalin held the position of General Secretary of the party\'s Central Committee from 1922 until his death. While the office was initially not highly regarded, Stalin used it to consolidate more power after the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, gradually putting down all opposition. This included Leon Trotsky, the principal Critic of Stalin among the early Soviet leaders. Whereas Trotsky advocated world permanent revolution, Stalin\'s concept of socialism in one country became primary policy as he emerged the leader of the Soviet Union. **Ho Chí Minh** Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was Prime Minister (1945--1955) and President (1945--1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People\'s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (NIE during the Vietnam War). He led the Viet Minh independence mover from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-ruia Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defect the French Union in 1954 at Dien Biên Phu. He officially stepped down from power in 1955 due to health problems, but remained a highly visible figure head and inspiration for Vietnamese fighting for his cause - United, communist Vietnam -- until his death. After the war, Saigon, capital of the Republic of Vietnam, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. **Haile Selassie** \"Power of the Trinity\" Tafari Makonnen He was the heir to a dynasty that traced its origins to the 13th century and from there by tradition back to King Solomon and Queen Makeda, Empress of Axum, known in the Abrahamic tradition as the Queen of Sheba. Haile Selassie is a defining figure in both Ethiopian and African history. At the League of Nations in 1936, the emperor condemned the use of chemical weapons by Italy against his people. His internationalist views led to Ethiopia becoming a charter member of the United Nations, and his political thought and experience in promoting multilateralism and collective security have proved seminal and enduring. His suppression of rebellions among the nobles (mekwannint), as well as what some perceived to be Ethiopia\'s failure to modernize adequately, earned him criticism among some contemporaries and historians. Among the Rastafari movement, whose followers are estimated at between 200,000 and 800.000 Hai Selassie is revered as the returned messiah of the Bible God incarnate. Beginning in Jamaica in the 1930 the Rastafari movement perceives Haile Selassie as messianic figure who will lead a future golden age of eternal peace, righteousness, and prosperity. Haile Selassie was an Ethiopia his life. **WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) used as political weapon** Is a term used to describe a massive weapon with the capacity to indiscriminately kill large number of people, would be either Nuclear, Biological and Chemical weapons. **Anthrax** A single cell organism that is produced by a fermentation process, such as that by which beer is made. Cause by Bacillus anthracis and the effects of exposure include severe infection that attacks the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Direct contact will cause formation of dry scabs all over the victim\'s body and can develop into systematic infection. When inhaled, the agent attacks the respiratory system with symptoms appearing from one to seven days. **NATURE OF POLITICAL CRIMES** At one extreme, crimes such as treason, sedition, and terrorism are political because they represent a direct challenge to the government in power. Espionage is usually considered a criminal act. But the scope of such crimes can be rather less direct. Plunder as crime committed in Politics- Legal plunder is a concept in libertarian thought which describes the act of using the law to wages, right to assistance, right to instruments of labor, gratuity of credit, etc **Law and economics** Paul H. Rubin (ND), also known as economic analysis of law, differs from other forms of legal analysis in two main ways. First the theoretical analysis focuses on efficiency. In simple terms situation is said to be efficient if a right is given party who would be willing to pay the most for it are two distinct theories of legal efficiency, and economics scholars support arguments base both. The positive theory of legal efficiency states the common law (judge-made law, the main body law in England and its former colonies, including the United States) is efficient, while the normative theory that the law should be efficient. It is important that the two theories remain separate. Most economists accept both. Law and economics stresses that markets are more efficient than courts. When possible, the legal system, according to the positive theory, will force a transaction into the market. When this is impossible, the legal system attempts to \"mimic a market" and guess at what the parties would have desired if markets had been feasible. The second characteristic of law and economics is its emphasis on incentives and people\'s responses to these incentives. For example, the purpose of damage payments in accident (tort) law is not to compensate injured parties, but rather to provide an incentive for potential injurers to take efficient (cost-justified) precautions to avoid Causing the accident. Law and economics shares with other branches of economics the assumption that individuals are rational and respond to incentives. When penalties for an action increase, people will undertake less of that action. Law and economics is more likely than other branches of legal analysis to use empirical or statistical methods to measure these responses to incentives. The private legal system must perform three functions, all related to property and property rights. First, the system must define property rights; this is the task of property law itself. Second, the system must allow for transfer of property; this is the role of contract law. Finally, the system must protect property rights: this is the function of court law and criminal law. These are the major issues studies economics scholar such as game the as various parties' aspects of law and to legal scholars the studied in law and economics. Law and scholars also apply the tools of economics, me theory, to purely legal questions, such parties\' litigation strategies. While these are te of law and economics, they are of more interest scholars than to students of the economy. **Political Corruption** The use of powers by government officials or their ne gain, Forms of extortion, cronyism, nepotism, parochialism, patronage, Chance peddling, graft, and embezzlement. **Public Choice Theory** Jane S. Shaw, 1st edition, Public Choice Theory is a branch of economics that developed from the study of taxation and public spending Public choice takes the same principles that economists use to analyze people\'s actions in the marketplace and applies them to people\'s actions in collective decision making. Economists who study behavior in the private marketplace assume that people are motivated mainly by self-interest. Although most people base some of their actions on their concern for others, the dominant motive in people\'s actions in the marketplace whether they are employers, employees, or consumers---is a concern for themselves. Public choice economists make the same assumption that although people acting in the political marketplace have some concern for others, their main motive, whether they are voters, politicians, lobbyists, bureaucrats, is self-interest. In Buchanan\'s words theory replaces romantic and illusory notions about We workings of governments with notions that embody more skepticism.\" Laws defining political crimes- it is to be gained from state crime, in which it is the states Iook both their own criminal laws or public law. States will define as political crimes avoid perceived as a threat real or imagined, to the state\'s survival, including both violent oppositional crimes. Example: **THE ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING LAW** **RA 9160- DECLARATION OF POLICY** Rule 2. Declaration of Policy. - It is hereby declared the policy of the State to protect and preserve the integrity and confidentiality of bank accounts and to ensure that the Philippines shall not be used as a money laundering site for the proceeds of any unlawful activity. Consistent with its foreign policy, the Philippines shall extend cooperation in transnational investigations and prosecutions of persons involved in money laundering activities wherever committed. **CORPORATE CRIMES** According to Australian criminologist John Braithwaite, corporate crime is defined as, "the conduct of corporation or employees acting on behalf of a corporation, which is prescribed and punishable by law." **THEORIES OF CORPORATE CRIMINALITY** The corporate crimes are peculiar in nature and commission. To look at the criminological perspective of corporate criminal liability there is a need to study certain behavior pattern. Though these patterns have not been specifically laid down for the corporation, but these can be studied with in the activities in the Corporate environment. **Learning Theory**: Like all kinds of behavior criminal behavior is also a result of learning process. Edwin Sutherland has propagated the theory of \'differential association\'. A criminal behavior emerges when a person is associated with others and who consider that type of behavior as positive. This learning process depends upon the intensity of interaction with such people. This interaction is more in the small group. This learning process includes the motives and techniques of the deviant behavior. Though this refers to all kinds of criminal behavior, yet it can also be applied to corporate criminal behavior. It is said that even the large corporations are divided into smaller groups where certain number of people work together collectively. In such groups the new employees learn from the seniors as they need the assistance from the more experienced Colleagues. In the corporate set Up the superior person may be commanding an authority on junior. However, the critic points out how the behavior of the teaching person emerged in the first place. Under the theory of operant conditioning Skinner holds that behavior is learned and stabilized, if there are no negative consequences, like punishment that overweigh the positive reactions, like the approval of colleagues and superiors for fitting in the companies' structures and contributing to its economic success. This can be true when substantial number of corporate crimes are not detected. **Theory of Anomy:** French sociologist Emile Durkheim coined the term \'anomy\' to describe a state of lawlessness due to major social and moral change. Robert Merton purports that crime averages when there is a gap between commonly stated goals in a society and the legal means a member of the society has to achieve these goals. Hence the people may adopt the illegal means to achieve these goals. In the context of corporate crime, it is explained that considerable number of corporate crimes is committed within smaller firms struggling for their economic survival. There is always a general tendency to improve and gain when the people compare themselves with other people of their own kind. Therefore, it is said that in the competitive business world it is possible that the \'cultural goal\' is not only considerable economic success but maximized profit at all costs to compete. As such this is the result of a learning process that includes the internalization of motives and values within a group of people. **Neutralization Techniques:** The theory of techniques of neutralization\' propagated by Greshamn Sykes and David Matza in 1958 is said to be a counterpart of theory of \'delinquent subculture\'. The theory of delinquent subculture suggest that deviant groups like youth gangs have their Own set of values and rules that differ from the rest of the society. Sykes and Matza say that most offenders do not reject social rules generally but justify their violation under the given circumstance such justifications may be raised within a corporation where many actions are performed by several people through division of labor and in such circumstance sense of individual responsibility fades. Further corporate violations are often against collective victims and damage is not visible as it is against an individual Therefore, denial of victimization is also easier. In corporations there is some sort of \'business subculture that not only allows but even encourages deviation from the law in order to ensure economic Success. Therefore, there can be \'culture of noncompliance\' with techniques of neutralization a central element. Therefore, it is opined that constant acceptance of criminal behavior within social environment of a person is a major factor in explaining future crime. **Control Theories:** Control theories lay emphasis on identifying the restraining factors that make the people to control themselves from committing crime. The premise is that why anyone would not commit a crime when there is an opportunity to commit it. In the context of morality as a restraining factor, it is said that it is quite fragile with respect to economic offenders. The moral foundation of economic criminal law is not as strong and evident as the one in the so called \'delicta mala in se\' like murder or rape, where the harm is apparent. There are blurred moral standards in most economic crimes when education process of children and young person do not adequately address the issues as it is for other crimes. **Hirschi and Michael Gottredon put forth \'theory of self-control\'** that crime is the result of lack of self-control. There could be disability of a person to postpone urgent and actual needs and desires. Self-control theory explains a greater impact on occupational versus corporate crime. The lower the individual\'s self-coni versus the greater is the likelihood of his or her involvement in criminal behavior. However, critics say it is a narrow approach and it is doubtful if it is all economic crimes, for example long term bribery for ensure the companies long term success. If is also believed that except in rare cases of mass fraud such as Enron Scandal, not all the elite within a given organization or industry will commit crime although the elite at the top of their profession and corporation differentially associate with people of equal status in their own and other corporations, not all corporate elites commit crime and behave in an overtly deviant manner **Economic Theory:** Cost benefit theory is more plausible in the context of economic crimes than in the violent crimes. The loss could be damage to reputation, risk of civil action by victims, risk of prosecution and punishment. When there is low visibility and less chances defection and prosecution of white-collar crimes then he benefit may overweigh the anticipated costs. Therefore. in the economic context, calculation of possible gain and costs has some influence on people's behavior. It is also believed that deterrence by criminal law and criminal sanctions is very difficult to achieve in cases of economic crimes. There is low risk of detection coupled with greater benefit. However, apart from criminal law sanctions, there are other factors which weigh for making rational choice by a person, like to be a good and honest person in a group or society, as a rational consideration. Therefore cost-benefit could not just be economic. In addition to the aforesaid broad formulations there are certain observations which have been given on corporate criminality which the researcher would like to add as under: **(a) Socio-Economic Developments**: Increase in economic crime could also be attributed to Socio-economic developments. There is increase in mobility and Communication. The more business opportunities have arisen because of development in Communication and internet technology. It is observed that due to these developments problems of economic crimes are cumulating. High benefits can be achieved with little efforts. There is low risk of detection as compared to benefit in the realm of internet. **(b) Organizational Structure**: If the internal structure and setting of an organization is such that raise the probability Commission of crime for the purpose of attainment of its goals. This will put the organization to risk of violating societal norms anu laws dealing with organizational behavior. The persons may thrive to act for the organization attain its goals, to prosper or at least to survive. **(c) Criminologic Market**: Sometimes persons in the organization need to commit crime because of criminological market forces. When corruption is a rule rather than exception there is a need to pay bribes to enter into or stay in the market. It is said that market force is also a reason for criminal behavior. **TYPES OF CORPORATE CRIME** **a. Industrial Disasters** With the growing importance of the Companies in our lives, there has been an increase in the risk and destruction caused by these Companies too. This destruction can take place at any stage: production, of processing storage, disposal etc. A random slip of Operations in handling the chemicals or the radioactive material or any other form of energy can lead to a great damage to the surrounding atmosphere. More than 3000 people died and over 5,00,000 people were exposed to Methyl Isocyanate gas (MIC) on the night of December 2, 1984 when water entered into a wrong Compartment due to a missing pipe, which resulted in an injury that would affect the generations to come. One single mishap accused at Union Carbide cooperation; Bhopal left a detrimental impact on the surroundings. Half a million people had to be evacuated from the village in Jaipur in 2009 when an oil tank carrying 800 kiloliters of oil caught fire. It looks the officials more than a week to put the blaze out. Huge losses of life and property have been faced in such incidents worldwide. Explosives were random stored on the port of China (Tianjin) which blasted, and more than 700 people died in the month of August 2015. The impact of Ukraine\'s Chornobyl Power Plant explosion in 1986 was felt by Soviet Union and Europe and the harm it caused is still being seen in 2005 in form of cancer and other diseases on the people. **b. Ignoring occupational standard and safety standards** Many fatalities and injuries occur every year when the standard safety and occupational standards are ignored by the corporates. Death of employees due to accidents, mechanical errors, electric shock etc. cause damage of human life and leaves an impact on their families to. When the safety standards are ignored by the corporations then existing conditions which otherwise may be harmless may cause potential harm to health, property or environment. European Union through its European Agency for Safety and Health at work, in their report in 2009 reported that biohazards, radiation etc. result in Substantial loss of life. **C. Victims of unsafe products** These can be a defect in the product of the companies because of the design, manufacturing or handling of the product while storage/ marketing. These defects have direct effect on the consumers who have not foreseen immediate danger while buying their products. England's and Wales office for National Statistics (London) and its report published in 2002 reported that approximately 2.9 million people get injured due to accidents at home. The accidents were related to handling of unsafe product due to design or manufacture. In 1978, the America automobile giant Ford had to claim back its Pinto Cars as there was a defect in their fuel system. The explosions cause death of more than 180 people. Engineering and Mechanical detects are more dangerous to handle. Product safety may be deliberately compromised by companies to save money and cut product cost. **d. Victims of industrial Pollution** The Riro Mine in Jharkhand has led to serious health issues being faced by the HO community because of the 0.7 million tons of asbestos being dumped in the water. The land there is also getting affected because asbestos has the water of Bhopal is still contaminated as benzene covered the cultivated land as well. Even decades later has seeped into the land resulting in contaminated underground water. The immediate impact of the disaster may get Over within few days but long enduring imprints are visible for years to come. Nuclear disaster and other mis happenings have resulted in an outbreak of diseases like cancer, thyroid, malnutrition etc. all over the world. **e. Human Right Violations** The guiding principle of Business on Business and Human Rights in 2011 has undertaken that the role and duty to Take care of human rights violation under the obligations or Corporate legal liability, Rome statute and corporate Criminal responsibility. But ironically the global world is Witnessing a different scenario. Gross misconduct is done towards the laborers and employees in shape of denial of proper sanitation, no medical facilities etc. Enforced labor, child labor inhuman working conditions, denial of proper sanitation no medical facilities etc. In 2013 a South Korean company was told to pay 88,000 violated by them during 1910-1945. The companies have multinational presence and to this they are Freeling involved in offences like human trafficking, physical abuse, torture etc. to get the maximum work Out of the employees for profit. **OTHER EXAMPLES OF CORPORATE CRIME** **Pyramid Scam** A Pyramid scheme is a business model that recruits members via a promise of payments or services for embers enrolling others into the scheme, rather than supplying investments or Sale of products. As recruiting multiplies, recruiting becomes quickly impossible, and most members are unable to profit; as such, pyramid schemes are unsustainable and often illegal. Pyramid schemes have existed for at least a century in different guises. Some multi-level marketing plans have been classified as pyramid schemes. **Concept and basic models** In a pyramid scheme, an organization compels individuals In who wish to join to make a payment. In exchange, the organization promises its new members a share of the money taken from every additional member that they recruit. The directors of the organization (those at the top of the pyramid) also receive a share of these payments. For the directors, the scheme is potentially lucrative-whether or not they do any work, The organization\'s membership has a strong incentive to Continue recruiting and funneling money to the top of the pyramid. Such organizations seldom involve sales of products or services with value. Without creating any Scheme are recruiting more members or soliciting goods or services, the only revenue streams for the scheme are recruiting more members or soliciting money from current members. The behavior, or pyramid schemes follows the mathematics concerning exponential growth quite closely. Each level of the pyramid is much larger than the one before it. For a pyramid scheme to make money for everyone who enrollees in it would have to expand indefinitely. When the scheme inevitably runs out of new recruits, lacking other sources of revenue, it collapses. Since the biggest terms in a geometric sequence are at the end most people will be in the lower levels of the pyramid accordingly, the bottom layer of the pyramid contents the most people. The people working for pyramid schemes try to promote the actual company instead of the product they are selling. Eventually all the lower levels make no money, only the people at the top. People in the upper layers of the pyramid typically profit, while those in the lower layers typically lose money. Since most of the members in the scheme are at the bottom, most participants will not make any money. In particular, when the scheme collapses, most member will be in the bottom layers and thus will not have any opportunity to profit from the scheme; stilI, they will have already paid to join. Therefore, a pyramid scheme is characterized by a few people (including the creators of the scheme making large amounts of money, while Subsequent members lose money. For this reason, they are considered scams. **The \"eight ball\" model** The \"eight-ball\" model contains a total of fifteen members. Note that in an arithmetic progression 1+2+3+4 +5=15. The pyramid scheme in the picture in contrast is a geometric progression 1+2+4+8=15. Many pyramids are more sophisticated than the Simple model. These recognize that recruiting a large number of others into a scheme can be difficult, so seemingly simpler model is used. In this model each person must recruit two others, but the ease of achieving this is offset because the depth required to recoup a money also increases. The scheme requires a person recruit two others, who must each recruit two others and so on. Prior instances of this scheme have been called the \"Airplane Game\" and the four tiers labeled as \"captain\", \"co-pilot\", four tiers labeled as \"crew\", and \"passenger to denote a person\'s level. Another instance was called the \"Original Dinner Party\" which labeled the tiers as dessert\", \"main course Side salad\'\", and \"appetizer. A person on the de dessert course is the one at the top of the tree. Another variant, \"Treasure Traders\", variously Used gemology terms such as \"polishers\", \"stone cutters\", etc. Such schemes may fry to downplay their pyramid nature by referring fo themselves as \"gifting circles\" with money being, \"gifted. Popular schemes such as gifting circles\" Women Empowering Women\" do exactly this. Whichever euphemism is used, there are 15 total people in four fiers+2+4+8) in the scheme-with the Airplane Game as the example, the person at the top of this tree is the \"captain\", the two below are \"co-pilots\" the four below are \"crew\", and the bottom eight joiners are the \"passengers\". At ten levels deep, the \"airplane game\" has an 87% loss rate. The eight passengers must each pay (or \"gift\") a Sum (e.g., \$5,000) fo join the scheme. This sum (e.g.. \$40,000) goes to the captain, who leaves, with everyone remaining moving up one tier. There are now two new Captains so the group splits in two with each group requiring eight new passengers. A person who joins the Scheme as a passenger will not see a return until they advance through the crew and co-pilot tiers and exit the scheme as a captain. Therefore, the participants in the bottom three tiers of the pyramid lose their money if the scheme collapses. If a person is Using this model as a scam, the confidence trickster would take the majority of the money. They would do this by filling in the first three tiers with (One, two, and four people) with phony names. Ensuring they get the first seven payouts, at eight times the buy and Some without paying a single penny themselves So if the buy-in were \$5,000, they would receive \$40,000 paid for by the first eight investors. They would continue to buy in underneath the real investors, and prom. and prolong the scheme for as long as possible to move them to Skim even more from it before it collapses. Although the \"captain\" is the person at the to of the free, having received the payment from eight paying passengers, once they leave the scheme they are able to re-enter the pyramid as a \"passenger and hopefully recruit enough to reach captain again thereby earning a second payout. **Matrix schemes** Matrix schemes use the same fraudulent, unsustainable System as a pyramid; here, the participants pay to join a Waiting list for a desirable product, which only a fraction Of them can ever receive. Since matrix Schemes follow The same laws of geometric progression as pyramids, They are subsequently as doomed to collapse. Such Schemes operate as a queue, where the person at Head of the queue receives an item such as a television, Games console, digital camcorder, etc. When a certain Number of new people join the end of the queue. For Example, ten joiners may be required for the person at the front to receive their item and leave the queue. Each Joiner is required to buy an expensive but potentially Worthless item, such as an e-book, for their position in the queue. The scheme organizer profits because the Income from joiners far exceeds the cost of sending out The item to the persona t the front. Organizers can further Profit by starting a scheme with d queue with shill names That must be cleared out before genuine people get to the front. The scheme collapses when no more people Ames Are willing to join the queue. Schemes may not reveal, Or may attempt to exaggerate, a prospective join Queue position, a condition that essentially means joiner\'s the Scheme is a lottery. Some countries have ruled that Joiner's Matrix schemes are illegal on that basis. **Relation to Ponzi schemes** While often confused for each other, pyramid schemes And Ponzi schemes are related in the sense that both pyramid and Ponzi schemes are form of financial fraud. However, pyramid schemes are based on network marketing, where each Schemes are At of the pyramid takes a piece of the pie/ benefits, forwarding the money to the fop of the pyramid. They Fail simply because there are not sufficient people. Ponzi schemes, on the other hand, are based on the principle of \"Robbing Peter too pay Paul\"-early investors are paid their returns through the proceeds of investments by later Investors. In other words, one central person (or entity) in the middle faking money from one person, keeping part Of it and giving the rest of others who had invested in the Scheme earlier. Thus, a Scheme such as the Anubhav Teak plantation scheme (teak plantation scam of 1998) In India can be called a Ponzi scheme. Some Ponzi Schemes can depend on multi-level marketing for Popularizing them, thus forming a combination of the Two. **Connection to multi-level marketing** Multi-level marketing (MLM) Companies operate as pyramid schemes and consumers often confuse Legitimate multi-level marketing with pyramid schemes. According to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission Legitimate MLM, unlike pyramid schemes: Have a real product to sell. Not all multi-level Based on the number of people you recruit, and your marketing plans are legitimate. If the money you make is Multilevel marketing plan. If the money you make is Ed on your sales to the public, it may be a legitimate Sales to them, it's probably not. It could be a pyramid Scheme.\" Pyramid schemes however \"may purport to sell a product, but they often simply Use the product to hide Their pyramid structure\". While some people call MLM's. General \"pyramid selling\", others Use the term to denote an illegal pyramid scheme masquerading as an MLM. The Federal Trade Commission warns, \"It\'s best to get involved in plans where the money you make Based primarily on the number or distributors you recruit and your sales to them, rather than on your sales People outside the plan who intend to use the product \"It states that research is your best fool and gives eight steps to follow: - Find-and study-the company\'s track record - Learn about the product. - Ask questions. - Understand any restrictions. - Talk to other distributors. Beware of shills. - Consider using a friend or adviser as a neutral - Sounding board, or for a gut check. - Take your time. - Think about whether this plan suits your talents and - Goals. Some commentators contend that MLM's in General are nothing more than legalized pyramid Schemes. A pyramid scheme will ask their recruiters to Sign up to the business with a big front-up cost. These Are different laws in every state, and they take different Actions toward pyramid schemes, but multi-level- Marketing is legal. **Pyramid schemes**-also referred to as franchise Fraud or chain referral schemes-are marketing, an investment frauds in which an individual is offered A distributorship or franchise to market a particular Product. the real profit is earned, not by the sale of the Product, but by the sale of new distributorships. Emphasis On selling franchises rather than the product eventually leads to a point where the supply of potential investors Is exhausted and the pyramid collapses. (Inquirer. Understanding pyramid scams in PH April 10, 2015) Personal freedom, while others have become victims of About 4 million Filipinos are in direct selling. Have dreamt oi being entrepreneurs but do not They have the capital. Some have found financial and Have the Pyramiding scams. (DSAP) shares answers to frequently asked questions The Direct Selling Association of the Philippines About pyramiding companies and those that are Legitimate and with sustainable compensation plans. **How Networking Scam in the Philippines Work?** **1. No products** If the networking company you joined focuses more on recruitment rather than products - get out NOW! Business exists because of products and services. The end goal of the MLM Company you joined Should be to get customers for the product/service Rather than to recruit and build your team. Sadly, common MLM scammer will pitch you profit Rather that the products. These sales pitches should be Avoided at all times. **2. No Legal and Official Documents to Present** another red flag when it comes to networking scam in the Philippines is the lack of legal and official documents Such as but not limited to: - DTI Certificate (for sole proprietorship) - Dec Registration (for partner and corporation - Business Permit - BIR Certificate of Registration - Official Receipts The lack of official website. Headquarters or office as well as proper email address can also be Considered As signs you are part of a scam. Always, always check How legal the business is before you invest. **3. Too good to be true** As hard as it can be, when it comes to investment, if is too good to be true, then most probably it is not true! From products that have outrageous claims a Benefits to return-of-income that are too high and too Fast should scare you and not the other way around. Low-risk but high-return schemes are not the way to success. Most often than not, high-risk investments are the ones that can give you the highest returns. **4. Rampant sales tactics** You should never be pressured to invest in a MLM Company. If you are asked to join on the spot saying Your entry fee will double if you delay or you will miss out the chance to be part of the pioneering team then you Are in the middle of a sales tactic to scam you. **ECONOMIC CRIME** Economic crime covers a wide range of Offenses, from financial crimes committed by banks, Tax evasion, illicit capital heavens, money laundering Crimes committed by public officials (like bribery, Embezzlement, traffic of influences, etc. Among many Others. Economic crime is regarded to generate a Considerable social damage. That\'s because it doesn't\' Only affect democratic institutions but also undermines the state treasure by cutting available resources Tor the implementation of public policies. Those who are more vulnerable are those who need these policies the most that is way they become one of the main victims Corruption and economic crime. **TYPES OF ECONOMIC CRIMES** Thus, economic crime covers a wide range of offenses, from financial crimes Committed by banks, tax evasion illicit capital heavens, money laundering, crime committed, public officials (like bribery, embezzlement, traffic influences, etc.) A. Housing benefit fraud B. Housing tenancy fraud C. Council tax fraud D. Social Care Fraud E. Insurance Fraud F. Council Employee and Contractor Fraud, Bribery or Corruption J. Money Laundering