Castle Electricity Section 1 PDF

**Castle Electricity** **Section 1** **Closed loop:** the batteries, bulbs, and wires all connected with the light bulbs - The light bulbs will light. **Open loop:** a break anywhere in the wires and the bulbs no longer light **Compass:** used to indicate activity in the wires - We will ta...

**Castle Electricity** **Section 1** **Closed loop:** the batteries, bulbs, and wires all connected with the light bulbs - The light bulbs will light. **Open loop:** a break anywhere in the wires and the bulbs no longer light **Compass:** used to indicate activity in the wires - We will talk about current and magnetic fields later - The amount of deflection should have been the same throughout the wire. - When the leads were reversed, the deflection should have been in the opposite direction. **Circuit:** an unbroken loop of electrical components that forms a continuous conducting path - Battery is making something move throughout the wires. - We cannot "see" what is moving through the wires. The compass is used to identify a change in the direction flow - We will talk further throughout the lessons about what is actually moving throughout the wire. - Direction: - "Conventional" direction is the charges leave the battery at the "positive" end (red spot) and re-enter at the "negative" end (blue spot). - Stuck from the days of Ben Franklin and is used world-wide. - The other method says that the moving electrons move from the negative end of the battery back into the positive end. - Both are used to this day and debates still occur from this discussion. direction in which electrons flow \... Electron flow, also known as electron current, and conventional current are both related to the flow of electricity, but they flow in opposite directions:  - Electron flow: electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a voltage source. This is because electrons are negatively charged particles.  - Conventional current: also known as current, flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. This is because conventional current behaves as if positive charge carriers cause current to flow. The type of charge carrier is not important in conventional current.  Current is determined by the number of electrons that pass through a conductor\'s cross-section in one second. The international unit for measuring current is the ampere (amp).  - Video: **Conductor:** a material that permits the bulbs to light - Conductors are metals except pencil "lead" is graphite. **Insulator:** a material that prevents the bulbs from lighting - Insulators are nonmetals. **Light bulbs:** flow comes in either from the threaded section or from the tip and flows through the filament and back out the other end (either through the threaded section or the tip). - The gas is usually argon. - The filament vibrates and "excites" the atoms in the gas causing them to "light". - The electrons in the atoms of the gas jump up an energy level. When they "fall" back down, we see light.