Energy and Electricity PDF

# Energy and Electricity ## Energy - The ability to do work or cause change. - **Work:** The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object and the object moves in the direction of the force. Measured in joules. - **Law of Conservation of Energy:** Energy cannot be created or...

# Energy and Electricity ## Energy - The ability to do work or cause change. - **Work:** The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object and the object moves in the direction of the force. Measured in joules. - **Law of Conservation of Energy:** Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. ### Types of Energy - **Kinetic Energy:** Energy an object has due to its motion. - **Potential Energy:** Stored energy based on an object's position or condition. - **Mechanical Energy:** The total energy of motion and position of an object. - **Thermal Energy:** Energy related to the temperature of an object, often referred to as heat energy. - **Electrical Energy:** Energy caused by the movement of charged particles (electrons). - **Radiant (Electromagnetic) Energy:** Energy carried by electromagnetic waves, including light and X-rays. - **Sound Energy:** Energy carried by sound waves. - **Gravitational Potential Energy:** Energy stored due to an object's height and mass. - **Chemical Energy:** Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. - **Nuclear Energy:** Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom, released during nuclear reactions. - **Elastic Energy:** Energy stored when an object is stretched or compressed. ## Sources of Energy - **Renewable Energy:** Energy that comes from sources that can be naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water. - **Nonrenewable Energy:** Energy from sources that exist in limited quantities and cannot be replaced quickly, like fossil fuels. ## Electricity - The flow of electric charge, typically through a conductor, used to power devices. ### Electrical Charge - **Negative Charge:** An electrical property of particles (like electrons) that have more electrons than protons. - **Positive Charge:** An electrical property of particles that have more protons than electrons. - **Static Electricity:** The buildup of electric charge on the surface of an object due to friction. ### Electrical Circuits - **Insulator:** A material that does not allow electricity to flow easily. - **Conductor:** A material that allows electricity to flow easily. - **Current:** The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amps. - **Amps:** The unit of measurement for electric current. - **Voltage:** The electrical force or pressure that pushes electrons through a circuit, measured in volts. - **Volts:** The unit of measurement for voltage, indicating the potential difference in a circuit. - **Resistance:** The opposition to the flow of electric current in a material, measured in ohms. - **Ohms:** The unit of measurement for electrical resistance. - **Ohm's Law:** A rule stating that the current in a circuit equals the voltage divided by the resistance. - **Electromagnetic Induction:** The process of generating electricity by moving a wire through a magnetic field. - **Battery:** A device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy. - **Anode:** The negative terminal of a battery where electrons flow out. - **Cathode:** The positive terminal of a battery where electrons flow in. - **Electrolyte:** A substance inside a battery that allows ions to move between the anode and cathode. - **Series Circuit:** A circuit where components are connected end to end, forming a single path for the current. - **Parallel Circuit:** A circuit where components are connected in multiple paths, allowing current to flow through different branches independently. ## Power - **Fossil Fuel:** Fuels formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals, including coal, oil, and natural gas. - **Oil:** A liquid fossil fuel used for transportation and producing various products. - **Gas:** A fossil fuel, often in the form of natural gas, used for heating and electricity. - **Coal:** A solid fossil fuel used primarily for electricity generation. - **Nuclear Power:** Energy generated by splitting atoms, usually uranium, in a controlled nuclear reaction. - **Fission:** The process of splitting the nucleus of an atom to release energy. - **Biofuel Power:** Energy produced from organic materials like plants, crops, or waste. - **Geothermal Power:** Energy generated from the heat stored within the Earth. - **Wind Power:** Energy generated by harnessing the movement of air using turbines. - **Solar Power:** Energy harnessed from sunlight using solar panels. - **Hydropower:** Energy generated by the movement of water, usually through dams. - **Kärnkraft:** Energy that is generated through splitting atoms, usually uranium, in a controlled nuclear reaction. - **Fission:** The process of splitting the nucleus of an atom to release energy. - **Biobränslekraft:** Energy produced from organic material such as plants, crops, or waste. - **Geotermisk energi:** Energy generated from the heat stored in the Earth. - **Vindkraft:** Energy that is generated by harnessing the movement of air using wind turbines. - **Solenergi:** Energy harnessed from sunlight using solar panels. - **Vattenkraft:** Energy generated from the flow of water, usually through dams.