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Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 DOLE OSH FRAMEWORK...

Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 DOLE OSH FRAMEWORK BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (BOSH) Pursuance with Republic Act No. 11058, Its IRR DO 198-2018 Day 1 1 2 Introduction Course Objectives COURSE TITLE: TERMINAL OBJECTIVE: BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND To provide participants the basic knowledge HEALTH (BOSH) for General Industry and skills on the basic concepts and TYPE OF COURSE: Basic; Mandatory principles of Occupational Safety and METHODOLOGY: Lecture & discussions, Health (OSH) that will enable Safety Officers exercises, workshop, presentation and reporting to develop and implement their company’s DURATION: 5 Days (40-Hours) Safety and Health Program 3 4 Course Objectives Course Objectives SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Identify existing & potential safety and health hazards and describe their effects to the human Describe the importance of effective OSH body; communication (OSH trainings and meetings); Relate the effects of occupational illnesses and Explain the Roles of Safety Officers in the overall accidents to individuals, their families, management of OSH program; communities and workplaces; Identify the components of an OSH program; and Determine the appropriate control measures for Develop a workplace-specific OSH re-entry plan. specific hazards; 5 6 [email protected] 1 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 What is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)? Focus of Occupational Safety & Health Occupational Safety and Health is a discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields: 7 8 BOSH Framework OSH Situationer MODULE 1 9 10 Why The Need For OSH? OBJECTIVES At the end of the session, the participants will be able to: Explain the current Philippine OSH situation; Every worker has Describe the OSH situation in their own workplaces; the right to a SAFE and HEALTHY Enumerate the roles of safety officers play in OSH implementation. Identify the risk assessment workplace! steps/processes and Define unsafe / unhealthy acts and conditions 11 12 [email protected] 2 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Global OSH Data: ILO Report The OSH Situation As work patterns changed, trends The aggregate figures on accidents and diseases may also indicate an overall increase in the number reflect how workers are affected. of deaths attributed to Musculo work: Skeletal Mental health From 2.33 million Disorders disorder deaths in 2014 to (MSDs) 2.78 million deaths in 2017 ….. are on the rise! Source: https://safety4sea.com/ilo-2-78-million-workers-die-from-occupational-accidents-annually/ 13 14 ILO PHILIPPINES OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES (OID): 2019 Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Safety And Health At Work In The Philippines Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 Occupational accidents and diseases cause human suffering and loss. Their economic cost is high, with some: A total of 37,513 occupational 2 million workers dying each year from work-related accidents were reported in all accidents and diseases, and the figure is on the increase in industries in the Philippines in spite of efforts to make inroads. 2019. Around 10.9 percent 2.2 million Filipino workers in medium and large (4,186) of the total 38,305 enterprises enjoy effective occupational safety and health establishments employing 20 or (OSH) protection and services 38.8 million do not benefit from acceptable working more workers experienced work- conditions related accidents. (Table 1) Source: https://www.ilo.org/manila/areasofwork/safety-and-health- at-work/lang--en/index.htm Source: https://psa.gov.ph/isle/releases/node/167577 15 16 OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES (OID): 2019 OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES (OID): 2019 Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 Among cases of occupational injuries, around one percent were fatal cases while about 42.7 percent were reported as non-fatal cases with lost workdays. A great majority (56.6%) of all occupational injuries were cases without lost workdays or those cases that required first-aid or medical These occupational accidents resulted to roughly 40,892 cases of treatment only on the day of the occupational injuries in 2019. Notably, both the number of occupational accident and was able to perform again duties of the job one day after accidents and cases of occupational injuries decreased compared to the the accident. (Table 1) 2017 data by -1.9 percent and -11.6 percent, respectively. Source: https://psa.gov.ph/isle/releases/node/167577 Source: https://psa.gov.ph/isle/releases/node/167577 17 18 [email protected] 3 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES (OID): 2019 OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES (OID): 2019 Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 These occupational accidents By major industry group, resulted to roughly 40,892 cases of manufacturing contributed the occupational injuries in 2019. highest share of occupational Notably, both the number of injuries at 42.7 percent of the total occupational accidents and cases of cases. The administrative and occupational injuries decreased support service activities came next compared to the 2017 data by -1.9 at 11.1 percent and was followed by percent and -11.6 percent, construction services at 9.5 percent respectively. (Figure 1 and Table 1) share. (Table 2) Source: https://psa.gov.ph/isle/releases/node/167577 Source: https://psa.gov.ph/isle/releases/node/167577 19 20 CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES WITH WORKDAYS LOST BY CLASSIFICATION CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES WITH WORKDAYS LOST BY CLASSIFICATION Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 TYPE OF INJURY OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Of the total 17,762 cases of occupational A total of 54,551 occurrences of injuries with workdays lost in 2019, open occupational or work-related wounds was recorded as the most diseases in establishments common type of occupational injuries employing 20 or more workers which accounted for 40.5 percent of the were reported in 2019, a total cases reported. Other common significant drop of about -46.4 types were superficial injuries at 22.4 percent from 101,851 reported percent; and burns and corrosions at 7.6 cases in 2017. percent. 21 22 CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES WITH WORKDAYS LOST BY CLASSIFICATION CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES WITH WORKDAYS LOST BY CLASSIFICATION Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES The most common work-related Workers engaged in manufacturing disease experienced and suffered by industry had the biggest share of workers was back pain contributing cases with work-related diseases at to roughly 39.0 percent of the total 31.8 percent. This was followed by cases. Other predominant administrative and support service occupational diseases include neck- activities (24.3%) and human health shoulder pains at 12.1 percent and and social work activities except occupational dermatitis at 9.4 public health activities (9.8%). percent. 23 24 [email protected] 4 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 COMMUTING ACCIDENTS Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE) Reference Number: 2022-107 Release Date: June 20, 2019 OSH Issues and Concerns A total of 5,899 accidents occurred on the habitual routes of workers Low compliance rate to OSH to/from their place of work, place of Standard (OSHS) work-related training, place where the worker usually takes his/her Limited coverage of OSH Standard meals or the place where he/she Absence of strict penalties usually receives his/her remuneration. These resulted to Fragmented OSH Administration 6,170 workers injured during the time Outdated OSH Standard of the commuting accidents. 25 26 DO 198-2018 - EFFECTIVITY Signed: 06 December 2018 Published: 09 January 2019 Effectivity: 25 January 2019 27 28 What happened inside our COST OF THE ACCIDENT (Iceberg Theory) organization because of this accidents? The answer to that question will be the starting point for categorizing the direct and indirect cost factors of the accident. 29 30 [email protected] 5 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Why NOT OHS? 4 REASONS TO MAKE OSH IMPORTANT ROLES OF SAFETY OFFICER 31 32 SAFETY OFFICER OBJECTIVES To learn the DO 198-2018 SEC 3: requirement to become Refers to any employee or officer of the a Certified Safety company trained by DOLE or DOLE- Officer; and to Accredited Training Organization and tasked understand the role of by the employer to implement an OSH being a Safety Officer in program and ensure that it is in accordance OSH implementation with the provisions of OSH standards. 33 34 DO 198-2018: Section 14: SAFETY OFFICER DO 13 Section 7: Construction SH Officer Position Concept of a Safety Officer The Site Safety Officer Is Responsible Developing and executing an effective program of Safety Officer safety engineering and industrial hygiene within the plant, with the appropriate procedures. To ensure that a safety and health Developing and directing safety engineering and program is duly followed and safety inspection personnel associated with the enforced, covered workplaces shall construction site. have safety officers who shall: Developing and directing safety training programs and procedures within the construction site. 35 36 [email protected] 6 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Accountability of a Safety Officer Other Duties of a Safety Officer Reduction of the frequency and severity of accidents. Secretary to the Health and Safety The same criteria for measurement must be consistently Committee: used throughout the construction site.  Prepare minutes of the meeting Reduction of costs stemming from accidents. "Weightings" must be used to correct for dissimilarities  Report status of recommendation made; between operations in different areas of the  Notify members of the meetings construction site.  Submit to the employer a report of the The efficiency and smoothness of a department's activities of the committee, including operations within operations of the construction site as recommendations made. a whole. 37 38 Other Duties of a Safety Officer Other Duties of a Safety Officer  To assist, advise or guide the employer in complying with the provisions of this Standards, including the development of  Coordinates all health and safety training programs for health and safety programs. the employees and employer.  Acts in an advisory capacity on all matters pertaining to health  To make at least a quarterly appraisal of programs and and safety for the guidance of the employer and the workers. safety performance of the establishment, including  Conducts health and safety inspection as member of the the activities of the safety committee. committee.  For purposes of effectiveness in a workplace where  Maintains or helps in the maintenance if an efficient accident full-time safety man is required, he shall report record system and coordinates action taken by supervisors to directly to the employer. eliminate accident causes. 39 40 Other Duties of a Safety Officer Site Planning: Introduction to Temporary Facilities HIRAC Medical Services/Supplies An overview of the Risk Assessment Housekeeping Drinking Water and Washing Facility Health & Sanitation 41 42 [email protected] 7 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 What is a Risk Assessment? OBJECTIVES To understand hazards & its classification in the HIRAC Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard workplace RISK ASSESSMENT identification). To assess or measure the is a term used to Analyze and evaluate the risk associated impact to the occupation of with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk the organization describe the overall evaluation) To Develop a preventive process or method Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard or control the risk when the approach to establish safe job procedures where you: hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control). 43 44 WHEN TO CREATE HIRAC? (5) Five Steps to Risk Assessment? Every activity / task should have a corresponding HIRAC, 1. Identify the hazards prioritizing the following considerations: 2. Decide who might be harmed and how 1. High Frequency of Accidents 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions 2. Increase occurrence of Near-Misses 4. Record your findings and implement them. 3. History of Serious Accidents / Fatalities 5. Review your risk assessment and update if necessary 4. Potential for Serious Harm 5. New Jobs or New Equipment 6. Changes in Procedures or Standards 45 46 STEP 1: Hazard Identification? Workplace Hazards First you need to work out how people could be HAZARD harmed. When you work in a place every day it is Any source easy to overlook some hazards, so here are some tips of potential to help you identify the ones that matter. Process of damage, finding and identifying: Hazardous agents (situations, products etc.) That could harm, or contribute adverse To provoking an occupational accident or/and disease health effect The groups of workers potentially exposed to these on people. hazards. 47 48 [email protected] 8 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 STEP 2: Decide who might be harmed and how? STEP 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions For each hazard you need to be Putting the results of your risk clear about who might be harmed; assessment into practice will it will help you identify the best way make a difference when looking of managing the risk. That doesn’t after people and your business. mean listing everyone by name, but When writing down your results, rather identifying groups of people. Keep It Short & Simple (K.I.S.S.) 49 50 How are Risk Ranked or Prioritized? How are Risk Ranked or Prioritized? Severity Criteria Severity Criteria 51 52 STEP 4: Record your findings and implement them HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS Having spotted the hazards, you then must decide what to do about them. The law requires you to do everything ‘reasonably practicable’ to protect people from harm. 53 54 [email protected] 9 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 STEP 5: Review your risk assessment and update if necessary CLEAR POINTS Have there been any changes? When conducting HIRAC, it may Are there improvements you still help to work as a team and include need to make? both people familiar with the work area, as well as people who are not Have your workers spotted a - this way you have both the problem? experienced and fresh eye to Have you learnt anything from conduct the inspection. accidents or near misses? 55 56 CLEAR POINTS There is no one simple or single way to determine the level of THE CAUSES OF risk nor will a single technique ACCIDENTS (UNSAFE ACTS & CONDITIONS) apply in all situations. The organization must determine which technique will work best for each situation. 57 58 OBJECTIVES ACCIDENT Is an unexpected, To define unforeseen, unplanned and Unsafe or unwanted occurrence or unhealthy event that causes damage or loss of materials or acts and properties, injury or death. conditions. 59 60 [email protected] 10 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 HAZARD & RISK INCIDENT HAZARD RISK A dangerous A source or situation A combination of with a potential to the likelihood of an condition or event cause harm in terms occurrence of a that occurred that of injury, ill health, damage to property, hazardous event with and the severity could lead to an damage to the of injury, harm, ill environment or a health or damage to accident. combination of these. property 61 62 UNSAFE ACT UNSAFE CONDITION oUnaware o Unnoticed oUnable o Uncorrected oUnmotivated Examples of Unsafe Acts Operating equipment without authority Examples of Unsafe Conditions Removing safety devices Inadequate guards or protection Using Defective equipment Defective tools or equipment Improper or Nonuse of PPE Congested or blocked exits Horse playing Inadequate warning systems Working while under the influence of Slippery floors alcohol or drugs Hazardous environmental condition 63 64 Mr. Heinrich's Survey Heinrich’s Domino Model of Accident Causation 88% Unsafe or Unhealthy Acts 10% Unsafe or Unhealthy Conditions Therefore: REMEMBER: 98% of Accidents are Preventable ACCIDENTS 2% Non-Preventable are caused... ACCIDENTS Any Unsafe Act & Condition The removal of the central can be prevented constitute the central factor factor makes the action of in the accident sequence preceding factors ineffective 65 66 [email protected] 11 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Accident Causation DOMINO THEORY Refers to the factors that are Scientific Approach to Accident or Prevention the primary reasons behind an “Accident” is one factor in a sequence that may lead to injury. accident. Knowing the concepts is a For occupational health and shortcut safety professionals, Without prior knowledge determining causation factors in that accidents can happen in any workplace injury or a particular way, accident is the key. investigations may miss the real cause of accident. 67 68 CLEAR POINTS CLEAR POINTS Every workplace has different hazards, Accidents and injuries result to losses of risk, and level of exposures. Tailor fit your lives, limbs, time and property. Most OSH response. accidents at work could have been Safety Officers play a key role in the prevented. Immediate causes of accidents overall management of programs in their are unsafe and unhealthy acts and companies. conditions. Every workplace has different hazards, Conduct workplace risk assessment risk, levels of exposure. Tailor fit your OSH through hazards IDENTIFICATION, response. EVALUATION and CONTROL. 69 70 LET’S PRACTICE! Identify: the unsafe acts or conditions and the hazards Workplace Safety Hazards 71 72 [email protected] 12 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 SINCE… OBJECTIVES Describe hazards from poor housekeeping Explain the causes and extent of fire incidents; Identify causes and effects of machine related accidents; 73 74 Categories of Hazards Hazards are Identified HAZARD Walk through survey or ocular Any source inspection of potential damage, Review of processes involved harm, or Knowing the raw materials used, adverse products and by products health effect Gathering of workers’ complaints on people. Safety Data Sheet 75 76 Occupational Safety Hazards POOR HOUSEKEEPING This are practices frequently contribute to incidents. A Poor Housekeeping messy workplace is a sign of an inefficient business Fire Hazard Use of Machine Low Low Morale Productivity Working with Electricity Material Handling & Disadvantages of Poor Storage Housekeeping Fire 77 78 [email protected] 13 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 What are the signs of disorder? What are the signs of disorder? Cluttered and poorly Dusty floors and work surfaces Tools and equipment left in arranged areas work areas Untidy piling of materials Overflowing waste bins and Presence of items no longer containers needed or in excess Overcrowded/disorderly shelves and storage areas Blocked aisles and exits Presence of spills and leaks 79 80 ACCIDENTS FROM POOR HOUSEKEEPING FIRE HAZARD Are workplace hazards that either involve the presence of a flame, increase the probability that an uncontrolled fire will occur, or increase the severity of a fire should one occur.. FIRE The active principle of burning, characterized by the heat and light of combustion (RA 9514). It is a rapid oxidation process accompanied with the evolution of light and heat of varying intensities 81 82 Common Fire Losses THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON Loss of customer or client. Loss of return on Capital Investment. Loss of profits on finished products or completed works. Loss of trained personnel who transferred to other job. Cost of hiring temporary quarters. Loss of patterns valuable records. Inability to defend against unjust claims due to loss of records. 83 84 [email protected] 14 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Important Point to Remember About Liquid Fuels The Classes of Fire 85 86 MODE OF FIRE PROPAGATION (Heat Transfer) FIRE DEVELOPMENT & BEHAVIOR CONDUCTION Heat transfer to another body or within Ignition Stage a body by direct contact. (Incipient Stage) CONVECTION The point at which the The transfer of heat through a four elements in the fire circulating medium, such as hot air and gases. tetrahedron come together, materials reach RADIATION their ignition The transfer of heat by the emission and propagation of heat energy in the form temperatures, and a fire of rays or electromagnetic waves. is started. 87 88 FIRE DEVELOPMENT & BEHAVIOR FIRE DEVELOPMENT & BEHAVIOR Growth Stage Fire begins to grow, Flashover other combustibles Presence of huge smoke heat up, liberate which indicates the rapid flammable gases, and change of situation and ignite, the chain of Increasing level of reaction to other smoke with decreased flammables and visibility. resulting in an increase in size. 89 90 [email protected] 15 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 FIRE DEVELOPMENT & BEHAVIOR Causes of Fire Deaths Fully Developed Faulty or Overloaded Electrical Stage (Free-Burning System Stage) Open flames and candles This stage is recognized Neglected Electrical Devices or as the point at which all Appliances the contents within the LPG, Smoking and matches perimeter of the fire’s Lightning & Sparks boundaries are burning. Friction & Spontaneous combustion 91 92 FIRE PREVENTION ELECTRICAL HAZARD Refers primarily to Can be defined as a serious measures directed towards workplace hazard that avoiding the occurrence of exposes workers to burns, fire. Effective fire prevention work will mean electrocution, shock, arc better security, less fire flash or arc blast, fire, or losses and less tragedies. explosions. https://www.clipartkey.com/view/xbiiR_exercise-clipart-variations-electric-shock-clipart/ 93 94 ELECTRICITY & IT’S KIND CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS ELECTRICITY is composed of the simplest form of matter, the electron. Electrons spin around the nucleus of an atom are easily broken away when sent to a circuit, we have an electrical system. 95 96 [email protected] 16 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 The Main Hazards With Electricity Electrical Accidents Contact with live parts causing There are three direct and two indirect types of shock and burns. electrical accidents: Faults which could cause fires. Direct Indirect Fire or explosion where Electrocution or death Falls due to electrical shock electricity could be the source of ignition in a potentially Electrical Shock Electrical Fire flammable or explosive atmosphere. Electrical Burns 97 98 Clues That Electrical Hazards Exist ELECTRICITY & WATER Electrical Hazards The likelihood of being shocked Tripped circuit breakers or blown is greatly multiplied in damp fuses locations Warm tools, wires, cords, People are excellent conductors connections, or junction boxes Circuit breaker that shuts off a Never use electrical equipment circuit in damp or wet areas Worn or frayed insulation around Do Not spray water around any wire or connection electrical source 99 100 ELECTRICAL FIRE Electricity is one of the most FLOW OF CURRENT THROUGH common causes of fires both in THE BODY DEPENDS UPON… the home and in the workplace. Voltage of the circuit. Electric short circuiting, arcing, Insulating quality of the place. sparks, overloading, use of Resistance of the skin. defective or misused electrical Area of contact. equipment are major causes of Pressure of contact. electrical fires. 101 102 [email protected] 17 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 SHOCK is the most serious electrical Severity of the shock depends on: hazard. SHOCK This happens when you touch a live wire, a tool or a machine with poor insulation. Path of current through You then become a conductor. The shock that It is the most you feel is the electrical current going through the body your body. Amount of current serious flowing through the body SHOCK may cause : electrical Pain (amps) Loss of muscle control and coordination hazard. Internal bleeding Duration of the shocking Nerve, muscle or tissue damage current through the body. Cardiac arrest or Death 103 104 OSH Standard Rule 1210 MACHINE HAZARD Are created as a result of either powered or manual The employer must train (human) use of tools, equipment or machinery and employees in safe work practices plant. in working with electrical equipment. WHAT IS A MACHINE? The training rules distinguish An assemblage of parts that transmit forces, motion and between workers & Authorized energy in a predetermined manner. It can be simple or Personnel. compound 105 106 Where Mechanical Hazard Occurs? IN-RUNNING NIP POINT HAZARDS This are caused by the rotating parts on machinery. There are three main types of in-running nips. Parts can rotate in opposite directions while their axes are parallel to each other. These parts may be in contact (producing a nip point) or near. In the latter case the stock fed between the rolls produces the nip points. This danger is common on machines with intermeshing gears, rolling mills, and cylinders. Nip points are also created between rotating and tangentially moving parts. Some examples would be the point of contact between a power transmission belt and its pulley, a chain and a sprocket, and a rack and pinion. Nip points can occur between rotating and fixed parts which create a shearing, crushing, or abrading action. Examples are spoked handwheels or flywheels, screw conveyors, or the periphery of an abrasive wheel and an incorrectly adjusted work rest. 107 108 [email protected] 18 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 An individual making unwanted contact with a moving part of a Loss of trained and skilled employee machine. Loss in productivity Causes Of Something flying from the machine. Causes Of Damaged equipment Machine A machine malfunction, including Machine They are exposed to hazards through Related mechanical and electrical energy sources failure. Related inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or absorption through skin. Accidents Workpiece movement during a Accidents Toxic or corrosive chemicals forming or cutting process Airborne substances Can result to severe injuries 109 110 Material Handling ILO, 20% - 50% of work accidents are A technique which includes the attributed to material art of lifting, moving, and MATERIAL handling. storing materials HANDLING It refers to any method used ACCIDENTS for moving materials o by people o by people using equipment http://clipart-library.com/clipart/1127637.htm 111 112 TYPES OF MATERIALS HANDLING HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERIALS HANDLING Manual Handling Is the of lifting, transporting and packaging of products using own physical strength. Hand operated handling, transporting and packaging of products. Mechanical Handling Pertains to more rigid, powered and non- powered mechanics mainly for handling bulky and heavy items 113 114 [email protected] 19 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 General Hazards On Storages CLEAR POINTS These could include: COMMON HAZARDS: A deteriorating housekeeping may be the first Fire. Explosion. evidence of a deteriorating safety and health program Unsafe racking. Sudden release of pressure (for Top heavy racking. instance, if a tank of compressed Smoking near flammable goods. Lifting and moving things at work is something you gas is punctured) Improper storage of liquid petroleum gas. probably do every day. Unfortunately, it’s also an Reactivity (fire, explosion, or Ladders with damaged or broken rungs. everyday cause of disabling injuries and even deaths! release of dangerous gases that Standing on boxes instead of ladders to can result from contact between reach items on shelves. To produce fire, three things must be present at the Inadequate lighting. particular chemicals and certain time: Fuel, Heat and Oxygen. Lack of routine cleaning. other chemicals or air or water) 115 116 CLEAR POINTS Mechanical hazards occur: Workplace o At The Point Of Operation, Heath o Power Transmission Components And o Other Exposed Moving Parts Of The machine. Hazards Failure to ensure a safe design, proper work procedures, proper servicing and maintenance of electrical equipment often result in bodily harm or death, property damage or both. 117 118 Industrial Hygiene OBJECTIVES “INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE is the science of the To explain the principles Anticipation, Recognition, Evaluation and Control of of Industrial Hygiene hazards arising in or from the workplace, and which To identify Health could impair the health and well-being of workers, also Hazards in the workplace taking into account the possible impact on the surrounding communities and the general environment.” Source: ILO, https://www.iloencyclopaedia.org/part-iv- 66769/occupational-hygiene-47504 119 120 [email protected] 20 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Concerns of Industrial Hygiene COMPANY RESPONSIBILITIES DETECTION, MEASUREMENT and A safe working environment. EVALUATION of hazards in the workplace. A safe system of work. PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION of Provide adequate facilities for the measures to improve environment. welfare of their employees. Provide information, training and The CONSERVATION OF HEALTH & supervision to ensure employees’ PROSPERITY of the workers and his safety from injury and health risk. community. 121 122 ROLE OF SAFETY OFFICER EMPLOYEES’ RESPONSIBILITIES Take reasonable care to protect Safety Officer has the role to own’s health and safety at work. classify his establishment Follow and Comply with the through proper identification company’s Health and Safety of the different health guidelines primarily, the use of hazards as part of the risk safety devices and PPE. assessment process. 123 124 What are Health Hazards? How are Health Hazards Identified? Now that we are familiar with the classification of According to medical dictionaries: hazards, we can now discuss how to identify the different hazards through a combination of the Any agent or activity posing a following methods: potential hazard to health Walk-through or ocular inspection Any organism, chemicals, conditions, Review of the process involved Knowing the raw materials, by-products, and or circumstance that may cause finished products illness Gathering workers’ complaints Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 125 126 [email protected] 21 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Health Hazards Classification Factors that Determine Disease Development PERSONAL FACTOR JOB FACTOR Age Duration of Exposure Health Habits Concentration of Agent Reproductive Route of Exposure Status Workplace and Personal Medical Hygiene History Control Measures in place 127 128 Chemical Hazard Is any substance that can cause a health problem when Is a type of How do ingested or inhaled. They chemicals Chemical include toxins, dangerous occupational become a hazard caused by hazard? Hazard chemicals, residue of excess exposure to https://www.clipartmax.com/png/middle/14-145985_scientist- cartoon-clip-art-scientist-clipart.png chemicals used in processing food products. chemicals in the When they become airborne, and the concentration is workplace. excessive… 129 130 OSHS Rule 1072.03: Threshold Limit Values for Airborne CHEMICAL HAZARDS TYPES & ROUTES OF ENTRY Contaminants (Tables) Table 8: Threshold limit values for airborne contaminants Table 8a: Mineral Dust Table 8d: Human Carcinogens: Recognized to have carcinogenic potentials 131 132 [email protected] 22 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 Occupational Exposure - Chemical Organic Solvents - VAPORS A substance diffused or suspended in the air, especially Corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous one normally liquid or solid. membranes Dermal contact may produce severe Occupational Exposure burns, ulceration, and scarring in Degreasing of metals humans Printing Oral exposure may cause corrosion of Dry-cleaning the mucous membranes, esophagus, Painting and stomach Laboratory Analysis https://images.app.goo.gl/iviWiBtAiq6ySigT6 133 134 Acids & Bases - MIST Heavy Metals - FUMES A water in the form of particles Volatilized solid that condenses when they contact air floating or falling in the atmosphere at or near the surface of the earth Occupational Exposure and approaching the form of rain. Soldering operation Occupational Exposure Welding Wastewater treatment Acids from electroplating Lead-battery making Oil mists from cutting & grinding operation Mining operation Mist from Spray painting operation 135 136 DUST - Powder / Fibers DUST - Occupational Exposure Refers to the suspension of solid particles in air. EXAMPLES OF DUSTS OR Dust are classified according to size: PARTICULATES SILICA DUST METAL DUST ASBESTOS DUST Total Dust – all dust particles in the Building Leaded paint Thermal & area materials such Grinded metal as stone, acoustic insulation bricks & Fire resistant Respirable Dust – fraction of total concrete walls & partitions dust which passes through a selector WOOD DUST Asbestos cement Flooring sheets & flooring which can be inhaled and deposited Wood fixtures in the lungs 137 138 [email protected] 23 Think Safety BOSH SO2 Online D1 GASES - GAS GASES - GAS Substances in the gaseous Occupational Exposure By-product of incomplete state at room temperature combustion (carbon monoxide) and pressure. Wastewater treatment plant (hydrogen sulfide & chlorine They do not have a gas) warning odor at a Refrigeration & fertilizer plants dangerous concentration. (ammonia) Machinery using diesel engine https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DEP8icBymJ5c&psig=AOvVaw3meRBpVWEtV5jYposXiCr2&us t=1671668594896000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCIC_3_e4ifwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE (nitrogen dioxide) 139 140 Physical Hazard - Noise Is an agent, factor or circumstance that can A form of vibration cause harm with or without Frequency – measured in conducted through (Hertz) cycle per seconds Physical contact. Solids, Liquids, or Loudness or Intensity – Hazard It include noise, Gases. measured in decibel (Db) illumination, vibration, heat Duration and cold stress, radiation Unwanted and and pressure hazards. excessive sound Harmful or Unwanted Sound 141 142 Noise Levels Prevailing in Some Manufacturing Noise Health Effects & Control Industries in the Philippines Industry Noise Levels “If two (2) people with no Textile and Weaving 102-104 dBA hearing impairment have to