Biomolecules PDF

Biomolecul es CARBOHYDRAT ES  Carbohydrates Monomers/Polymers Slang: “Sugars” Polymers Monomers – C6H12O6 Carbohydrates 1:2:1 Monosaccharide Simple sugar Polysaccharid Ex. - Glucose, Fructose es...

Biomolecul es CARBOHYDRAT ES  Carbohydrates Monomers/Polymers Slang: “Sugars” Polymers Monomers – C6H12O6 Carbohydrates 1:2:1 Monosaccharide Simple sugar Polysaccharid Ex. - Glucose, Fructose es 1.Starch Dimers 2.Glycogen Disaccharides 3.Cellulose Ex. - Sucrose, Lactose 4.Chitin Which molecules did we see in the activity that were CARBOHYDRATES ? How do you know?  Carbohydrates Chemical Structure Carbohydrates are… Often a Ring Have –OH group Polar C:H:O / 1:2:1 Dimer:12:24:12 ???? In reality 12:22:11 Lose a H2O in joining to make larger molecules Carbohydrates Function 1. Energy Storage Polysaccharide Plants – Starch 1. Energy Source Monosaccharide Glucose 1. Structure Cellulose Cell Wall  Carbohydrates Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis Dehydration Synthesis – how biomolecule monomers join together to make a dimer or a polymer Hydrolysis – How long chains of biomolecules break down from polymers to monomers Uses –OH group from monomers to link, to make polymers  Lipids Monomers/Polymers Slang: “Fats” Lipids (Found in many forms, worry about 4) 1. Fats 2. Oils 3. Waxes 4. Phospholipids Monomers Glycerol Fatty Acids Which molecules did we see in the activity that were LIPIDS? How do you know?  Lipids Chemical Structure Carboxyl group Long Hydrocarbon Chain Hydrocarbon chain can have double bonds – 0 - saturated 1 – unsaturated 2+ - polyunsaturated  Lipids Function Long Term energy storage – Fats Membrane Structural components –Help create cell membranes Glycerol & Fatty Acids PROTEINS  Proteins Monomer/Polymer Polymer Protein Polypeptide Monomer Amino Acid Dimer Dipeptide Which molecules did we see in the activity that were PROTEINS? How do you know?  Proteins Chemical Structure All proteins have a Central Carbon Attached to that Carbon… An Amino Group A Carboxyl A Hydrogen A R Group –There are 20 Different R-Groups –R groups have different properties –THUS 20 Different Amino Acids Proteins Function Enzymes Structure Ex. - muscle, bone Antibodies Hormones Etc.  Proteins Linking Long chains of amino acids link together via Dehydration Synthesis We call this Primary Structure  Proteins Linking Neighboring Amino Acids exert forces on each other, causing bending or folding This is Secondary Structure  Proteins Linking As protein starts to coil, further Amino Acid forces cause protein to form a globular shape This is Tertiary Protein Structure  Protein Linking Multiple Tertiary proteins interacting form the Quaternary Structure of the protein NULCEIC ACIDS  Nucleic Acids Monomer & Polymer Polymer DNA/RNA - DeoxyriboNucleic Acid - RiboNucleic Acid Monomer Nucleotide But what is a Nucleotide?  Nucleic Acids Chemical Structure 5- sugar backbone Ribose Deoxyribose Nitrogen Base Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Uracil in RNA for Thymine Phosphate Group Nucleic Acids  Nucleic Acids Function Source of Genetic Information