Biology Homework Sheet 2 Translation PDF

Genetics Homework Sheet 2- MAKING PROTEINS ========================================== Use the and the following PowerPoint videos to help you answer these questions: - Transcription: - - Transcription and translation: - - Proteins: 1. What are the building blocks of...

Genetics Homework Sheet 2- MAKING PROTEINS ========================================== Use the and the following PowerPoint videos to help you answer these questions: - Transcription: - - Transcription and translation: - - Proteins: 1. What are the building blocks of proteins:\ \ Amino acids. 2. How many amino acids are used to make your body's proteins:\ \ 20 amino acids. 3. What is a long chain of amino acids called: A polypeptide. 4. When the long chain of amino acids bends/folds and twists to make a 3D-model it is called a:\ \ Protein 5. What determines the shape and function of a protein:\ \ \ The sequence of amino acids (its primary structure). DNA/RNA: DNA cannot leave the nucleus to give instructions to a ribosome to make a protein. The cell needs to make a photocopy of the gene that can move out of the nucleus to a ribosome. 1. What is considered to be a 'photocopy' of DNA: mRNA (messenger RNA) 2. Name 2 ways that RNA is different from DNA: RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded. RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose. RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) found in DNA. 3. What are each of the following RNA's involved in: a. mRNA- Carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. b. rRNA- Forms the core of ribosomes and helps translate the mRNA into proteins. c. tRNA- 0 Translation 1. After the mRNA is finished it needs to travel to either a ribosome, or a ribosome that is attached to the free floating, endoplasmic reticulum. 2. What is the purpose of 'Translation'? - **[Summarise the Steps in Translation:]{.smallcaps}** a. b. c. 3. The following is a table used to determine the amino acids that will be joined based on the mRNA sequence. The first and second letters determine which box to look at, and the third letter will tell you which row in that box.\ \ If the Sequence a cell needs to translate is: (A-U-G)-(C-G-G)-(G-G-U)-(A-U-U)-(A-U-C)- (U-U-U) -- (U-G-A) a. **How many codons are there in the mRNA strand above?** 7 codons b. **What will the sequence of amino acids be?\ **AUG: Methionine (Start) CGG: Arginine GGU: Glycine AUU: Isoleucine AUC: Isoleucine UUU: Phenylalanine UGA: Stop codon**\ \ **So, the amino acid sequence will be: Methionine - Arginine - Glycine - Isoleucine - Isoleucine - Phenylalanine.**\ ** The tRNA brings specific amino acids that depend on the mRNA codon that match its anticodons. The bases (AUCG) that mRNA and tRNA will match with are based on **complementary base pairing**. This is where C will always pair complementary to G and U with A. For example: If a codon has the code AUG, then the complementary anti-codon will be UAC. c. **What would be the anti-codon of the second codon of the mRNA strand above?\ \ **The second codon is CGG, so its anticodon will be GCC.