Ibn Sina University First Year Biology Lecture 2 Biomolecules PDF

IBN SINA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE FIRST YEAR BIOLOGY  Any molecule containing carbon is called an (Except CO2). The molecules that found in living organisms are and they called  Levels of Organization Macromolecule...

IBN SINA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE FIRST YEAR BIOLOGY  Any molecule containing carbon is called an (Except CO2). The molecules that found in living organisms are and they called  Levels of Organization Macromolecule Molecule Atom  composed mainly of , and. Other Elements Include: Nitrogen, Sulphur, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium. are large polymers formed by polymerization of small subunits called monomers.  There are four types of macromolecules:  Carbohydrates are. The most abundant organic molecule. Found in Chocolate, Bread, Pasta, Fruits, Vegetables (ALL FROM PLANTS). Primary energy source our body needs.  C, H, O. (building blocks): Monosaccharides. Polysaccharides.  Monosaccharide = Single Sugar Disaccharide = 2 Monosaccharides Polysaccharide = 3 or more Monosaccharides  Used for energy storage in plants.  Potatoes, pasta and rice are starches.  They provide a quick form of for the body. Used for storage in animals. Glycogen stored in liver cells  Provides structural support in plants (found in the cell wall).  Found in exoskeletens of arthropods (insects, spiders)  Found in cell wall of some fungi.  Lipids are. Store Insulates your body, and make up the. C-H-O. Lipids are (water fearing) and do not dissolve in water.  (Building blocks): glycerol & 3 fatty acids. Phospholipids, triglycerides Steroids, cholesterol, fats, Oils, Nuts, Waxes, and make up part of the cell membrane.  Lipids can be: : The bonds between all the carbons are single bonds. - Solid at room temperature. - Mainly animal fats (bacon grease, lard). : There is at least one double or triple bond between carbons present. - Liquid at room temperature. - Mainly plant based fats (olive oil, peanut oil) as well as oily fish (Tuna, Sardines).  Proteins make up the structure of living things. Hair, nails, skin, bones, muscle, etc are all built by proteins. Transport molecules in and out of the cell. Control the speed of chemical reactions. Used for growth and repair.  C-H-O-N (Building Block): Amino Acids (20 Different Ones). Proteins. Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells, Albumin In Eggs, Enzymes That Control Reactions In The Body, And Antibodies. Fish, Eggs, Meat.  These biomolecules are not obtained from food. Nucleic acid either to be DNA or RNA. Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid. Ribo Nucleic Acid.  Provide our genetic information Holds the instructions to make proteins. C-H-O-N-P nucleotides A nucleotide is made up of: Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base: A, T, G, C, and U  DNA, RNA and ATP. is the genetic material of all living organisms. is a protein synthesis molecule. (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) is an energy carrier molecule (it is not a nucleic acid, but it composed of nucleotides). Why are Macromolecules important to the Human Body?  Home Work Write about: 1. Phospholipids. 2. Functions of Proteins in animal cell.