Biochemistry PDF

Biochemistry Chemistry ofLivingBeings Studyofstructure composition chemicalreactionofsubstances Chemicalprocessoccurin LivingBeings Biomolecule Iiii.ee ii...

Biochemistry Chemistry ofLivingBeings Studyofstructure composition chemicalreactionofsubstances Chemicalprocessoccurin LivingBeings Biomolecule Iiii.ee ii gji ionagroups.Tiij it ii ftp.eitias iin.roge i.wlafe compounds 9amEralsTa ffariates.Fias fromtenst n Acia majorbiomolecules Simappelowmw large highmolecularweight complexstructure subunits Monomer sister two mating Madeof linking mono polymer m holdtwoatomstogether Chemical bonding Joiningoftwoatoms Ionic t Metallic donaterecieve gnare movefreely Electron b wnonmetal metal b w nonmetal Metal Stereoisomers molecules thathavethesamemolecularformula of sequence bondedatoms Stereochemistry study the 3 Dimensionalarrangement atoms of of same molecularformula butdiff geometery respect to nonvotatingdoublebond Thisside Tacross Carbonwith4diffsubstituent asymmetriccarbons chiralcenters Carbohydrates mostabundant C H oatoms of source energy manycompoundsmade fromit Monosaccharides Oligosaccharides Polysaccharide Basicunitofcarb can be brokenfurther nonsoluble tasteless cannot bebrokendown 2 10monosaccharide on noncrystalline 3 6carbons simple hydrolysis more then10monosaccharide CnCHaon soluble sweet onhydrolysis aqueoussol inclosed from5C ringstarting 1 Disaccharide sugars 2mono Based on noOfc 2 Trisaccharide13mono Tri 3 Tetrosesa 3Tetra saccharide umond Hex6 I p found.in all didpoly Based on functional group saccharides Aldoses fg Aldehyde CHO ketoses fg ketone co fruitsugar rioses glycerose acetone Dihydroxy found in milk Tetroses Erythrose Erythrulose convertsintoglucosein body  vitstructure of source energy hormonestructure essentialfor estersojjattj.at aicna Lipids nettijéiÑ infolube inwatersolubeinorgansigents Simple compound Derived Triglyceride waxes Phospholipid Glycolipid steroids sterols cartenoids storeenergy formcellmembrane skeleton carbon morehydroxyl song of acid chains fatty hydrophilichead hydrophobictail of consist ausearing groupnocarbonyl esterofta glycerol Itail saturated unsaturated cholesterol orcarboxyl group glycerol acid fatty madeofcarboxylgroup faith.toigher 5597 Proteins enzyme digestive hydrocarbonchain 1ormorepoiieiie support muscle t.rsif expressiongonaaarn p mono gg w tnm Ep.animaifats it mfff ff piantagist.at twisted.gov.sacoiled poly Aminoacidycarboxyl aminogroup differinpropertyduetotheremains AAlinkedpeptidebond group car Iffron Nucleic acids NucleicAcids polynucleotides polymers off L wophosphate It p gfpntose sugar nucleoside esdirectionforow III Is synthesis ofmRNA throughmrna proteinsynthesisiscontrolled cells have water thusthe Water most abundant 65 weightin cellular shape body Water Polar 398899 1 48 oneend 1 charge otherend f charge hydrogen 1watermolecule 2hydrogen partialpositivecharge 1oxygen hdoavegaf.ee t ofwatermoleculetoben thiscauseoneend dati ffffy ofadiff d.jo 9k rge attractedto the end hydrogen watermolecule oxygenattractselectronsmore diffwatermolecule Y ofthewater than hydrogen more electronegative 1molecule binds Liquid watermolecules with 4diffwaters state 1017118fwm makewaterligatroomtemp highermelting boilingpoint heatofvaporization 941mg IEffstaticattraction enableswatertobondwith othermoleculescontaining BonddissociationEnergy energyrequiredtobreakabond f N Hbondcontains Pdesketones molecules  waterhating Eff ater An P a phobicregions Water is a polarsolvent easilydissolvesmost biomolecules dissolves Nacl byhydrating stablizing Natactions also dissolvescharged biomolecules Amphiatic mixedwithwater thepolarphilicregiondissolves Smembrane theplarphobicregiondoesn't bio clusterstogether ffgatner watevpf.FI p together Osmosis outside fifth passage ofwaterfromregion typoton watermove in ceepands higherconcen Lowerconcentration of isotonic dsa en movement Osmoticlysis inwardmovementofwaterthat causeit toexpand brust iii's Hypertonic Adhesion and cohesion attraction toothersurfacessubstances waterattracted to water Chemical bonding and electron valences attractionb w 2molecules jointogether electron onatoms are at diffenergylevel Jionic strongestofallbonds transfer of level valenceelectrons morestable highestenergy reactive less electronsfromamolecule another ION atomwhichloses t orgain electrons Solution 2 covalent homogenous mix of 2 ormoresubstances onlybond n bones Solute substancedissolved solvent dissolv Double triple concentration amount solute in asolvent figests.geffgffnan of Typesofsolution bond 3 hydrogen weakest ionic 1 Aq solvent water 2 NonAg Solvent otherthanwater attraction partial t molecule to a 3 Unsaturated more solute candissolveat a giventemp of partialC molecule a saturated containmaxamountofsolutethatcandissolve 5Supersaturated moresolutethen satursolution crystalcreation 6 Diluted Solvent move Soluteless 7 concentrated Solvent Less solute more Factors affecting the dissolving process 1 howmuchsolute is dissolved typeofsolventsolute polarsolvent polardionicsolutes Temp Solid Temp solubility gases Temptsolubility nonpolar11 Nonpolar covalentsolutes Pregyes P solubility PL51 iKET moregasescapes 2 Rateofsolubility temp iÉÉÑÉipIÉ Area ratedparticlesized stirring surface rate Separating mixture Byphysical means 1 Filtration separatepuresubstance whereparticle islargeenough tonot passthrough filterpaper fliterpaper solute beaker solvent i 2 Distillation 2liquid Asolid liq with diff boilingpointseparated the subwith lower bpevaporates reachestop condenses leavesbehindtheothersubstance difference in speeds attraction to chromatogram substance move at 1 1,9 9japhy moles m farmass Effme Law of thermodynamic LivingorganismsExistin a dynamicsteadystate neveratequilibrium flow energy continous of of if constancy concentration s omethingissynthesized itis alsotaken System born it fff If everything in adefined space fromsunlight opentmff.isemnejy isolated 2closedenergyexchanged 3 no orenergyisexchanged matter matter eschang Thermodynamic studyofrelationbinneatworktempenergy heatenergyis intootherformsofenergynowmatteriseffected 1zeroethlaw 2 withthird sys sysinthermalequiwitheachother 2firstlaw energynotcreatednordestroyed changesitsforms 3 2Law Entropy ofuniverse isolatedalwaysincreases 4 3law AperfectsolidatabsolutezerohasEntropyofabsolutezero Entropyofsys constant if tempabsolutezero Entropy measureofthedisorderof asystem ΔS change s whenever asolidsubstance is liquid thefreedomofmovement increase thusentropyincreases Enthalpy measure ofenergy heatcontentofasystemat aconstant pressure Gibes free energy G quantityusedtomeasurethemaxamountof donein athermodynamic work systemwhentemp pressure areconstant Energyavailabletopreformwork ΔG ΔH TAS Peg 38in fjaneou O G Atequilibruim ifproducts pflowerthanreactant ifproduct a higherthan reactant nonspon