BIO 150 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Lab Practical 1 Study Guide Fall 2024 PDF

BIO 150 –Human Anatomy and Physiology I Study Guide for Lab Practical 1 – Fall 2024 Students do not need to bring safety glasses or calculators to the practical. Calculators will be provided when needed. It is recommended that students study using a variety of materials: 1. Lab man...

BIO 150 –Human Anatomy and Physiology I Study Guide for Lab Practical 1 – Fall 2024 Students do not need to bring safety glasses or calculators to the practical. Calculators will be provided when needed. It is recommended that students study using a variety of materials: 1. Lab manual exercises and lab reports including calculations and graphical data interpretation 2. Mitosis Histology slides, bone models, and human skeleton model in the Downingtown Learning Commons. Note that the full human skeleton model is not used on the practical 3. Resources in Connect. Connect access is require to access these resources for Practical 1. There is no word bank, no multiple choice, and correct spelling is required for all terms, structures, equipment, etc. There is no partial credit for spelling. Each station will have 3-4 questions. You have 2 minutes to answer the questions at each station. You cannot return to the stations. There are a total of 75 questions. The number of questions on the practical from a specific exercise is proportionate to the amount material in that exercise. You can expect more questions from exercises with more material in them. If you have special accommodations please speak with your instructor in advance of the practical date for further instructions. Note that there are assigned “seats” for the practical. Note that students who are late for the practical will miss questions. For example, six minutes late means about six question are missed. Students are expected to take the practical on the scheduled date. See the policy on the syllabus. Unlike missed lecture tests, makeups of missed practicals are given only in the event of a hardship circumstance and must be taken (no exceptions) on the specific date and time listed in Canvas Lab #1 Lab Safety Be able to name all the equipment pictured in the Lab #1 Exercise. Lab # 2 Scientific Method, Metric System, Directional Terms, and Significant Figures A. Understand the purpose of the scientific method and name the 6 steps of the scientific method. B. Know the base units used in the metric system and the abbreviations used for each. C. Know the different prefixes used in the metric system (e.g., kilo-), the abbreviation used for each (e.g., kg), D. Be able to measure common everyday items in grams, milliliters, centimeters, and millimeters (as you had to perform in Lab 3 and Lab 5) 1  E. Understand why significant figures are used and know how to correctly assign significant figures to calculations. F. Know how to round off numbers correctly. G. Know how to correctly round off the answer to a mathematical calculation involving numbers with different significant figures. H. Given a data set, be able to calculate the mean (average). I. Know the anatomical position and understand how it’s used. J. Understand how to use directional terms properly. K. Be able to identify the different body planes. L. Be able to identify the different body cavities M. Be able to identify the four body quadrants. N. Be able to identify the nine abdominopelvic regions. Lab # 3 pH and Buffers A. Know the definitions of an acid, base, and salt, and be able to identify simple molecules as being an acid, base, or salt. B. Understand how the pH scale works and be able to distinguish stronger acids, weaker acids, stronger bases, and weaker bases based on their pH. C. Identify and understand how to properly use the pH meter. D. When comparing solutions with different pH values, be able to determine which solution would contain more hydrogen ions and which solution would contain fewer hydrogen ions. E. Describe what happened to the pH when HCl was added to an unbuffered solution in Experiment 1 and correctly interpret the data from the graph you generated. F. Describe what happened to the pH when you added HCl to a buffered solution in Experiment 2 and correctly interpret the data from the graph you generated. G. Explain why your experimental data demonstrates the action of buffers. H. Given a simple data set, be able to construct and properly label a data table. I. Given a data table, be able to retrieve specific information from the table. J. Given a simple data set, be able to construct and properly label a line graph including: Figure number and title Y-axis with dependent variable description and units X-axis with independent variable description and units K. Given a line graph, be able to properly interpret the data and retrieve data from the graph. 2 Lab # 4 Human Skeleton A. Be able to identify all the bones and bone markings listed Lab Exercise # 4. B. Know the meaning of the bony landmarks (surface markings) listed in the table in Lab #4 Exercise (e.g., a meatus is a canal-like opening). C. Know the specific anatomical differences between the male and female pelvis as listed in the table in the Lab #4 Exercise. Be able to distinguish between a male and female pelvis. Lab # 5 Osmosis and Diffusion A. Osmosis Experiment – Dialysis Tubing 1. Understand how you set up the experiment using dialysis bags in beakers. 2. Be able to identify solutions as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic. 3. Understand which bags gained weight and why. 4. Understand which bag lost weight and why. 5. Understand which bag stayed the same and why. 6. Understand the impact of different concentration gradients (i.e., the steepness of the gradient) on the rate of osmosis. 7. Given a graph like the one you created for your lab report, be able to correlate lines on the graph with each beaker set-up and explain what was happening in each beaker experiment. B. Diffusion Experiment - Demonstration 1. Understand how the experiment was set up using petri dishes 2. Know which chemicals were used and how mass (molecular weight) of the chemical affects the rate of diffusion. Lab # 6 Microscope, Cells, and Mitosis A. Be able to identify the parts of the microscope and know their major functions. B. Be able to calculate total magnification, depending on which objective is used. C. Understand how to properly use, focus, and put away the microscope. D. Understand how to make a wet mount, stain, and identify buccal (cheek) cells. E. Be able to identify the following structures on a slide of buccal (cheek) cells: nucleus, nuclear envelope, cytoplasm, cell membrane. F. When observing mitosis microscope slides be able to identify interphase cells, as well as cells in the 4 stages of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). G. When observing mitosis microscope slides, be able to identify the following structures: Interphase cells - cell membrane, nucleus, Prophase cells - cell membrane, chromosomes, cytoplasm Metaphase cells – chromosomes, metaphase plate, cytoplasm, cell membrane, Anaphase cells - chromosomes, spindle fibers, cytoplasm, cell membrane, 3  Telophase cells - chromosomes/chromatin, cleavage furrow, cytoplasm, cell membrane. H. Given the doubling times for various types of cells, be able to determine which cells would have the fastest and slowest mitotic rates. 4