Anaphy Lab PDF

ANAPHY LAB JOHN MARIE P. FAMOSO UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN ACTIVITY 1 JOHN MARIE P. FAMOSO PHINMA UI ANATOMY THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES OF THE BODY THE WORD “ANATOMY” COMES FROM A GREEK ROOT THAT MEANS “TO CUT APART” PHYSIOLOGY THE STUDY OF THE PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY. GROSS ANATOMY...

ANAPHY LAB JOHN MARIE P. FAMOSO UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN ACTIVITY 1 JOHN MARIE P. FAMOSO PHINMA UI ANATOMY THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES OF THE BODY THE WORD “ANATOMY” COMES FROM A GREEK ROOT THAT MEANS “TO CUT APART” PHYSIOLOGY THE STUDY OF THE PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY. GROSS ANATOMY (ALSO TERMED AS MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY) - STUDY OF THE LARGER STRUCTURES FO THE BODY, THOSE VISIBLE WITHOUT THE AID OF MAGNIFICATION. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY MICRO-SMALL”, STUDY OF ANATOMY THAT CAN BE ONLY OBSERVED THROUGH A MICROSCOPE. (IT INCLUDES STUDY SUCH AS CYTOLOGY- STUDY OF CELLS, AND HISTOLOGY WHICH IS THE STUDY OF TISSUES.) 6 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION 1. CHEMICAL – INVOLVES HOW ATOMS INTERACT AND COMBINE INTO MOLECULES 2. CELL – BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF ORGANISMS 3. TISSUE – A GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS AND THE MATERIAL SURROUNDING THEM 6 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION 4. ORGAN – COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE TISSUE TYPES THAT TOGETHER PERFORM ONE OR MORE COMMON FUNCTIONS 5. ORGAN SYSTEM – A GROUP OF ORGANS CLASSIFIED AS A UNIT BECAUSE OF A COMMON FUNCTION OR SET OF FUNCTIONS 6. ORGANISM – A COMPLEX OF ORGAN SYSTEMS THAT ARE MUTUALLY DEPENDENT UPON ONE ANOTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS 1. INTEGUMENTARY 2. SKELETAL 3. MUSCULAR 11 4. NERVOUS 5. ENDOCRINE 6. CARDIOVASCULAR 7. LYMPHATIC 8. RESPIRATORY 9. DIGESTIVE 10. URINARY 11. REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL POSITION - REFERS TO A PERSON STANDING UPRIGHT WITH THE FACE DIRECTED FORWARD, THE UPPER LIMBS HANGING TO THE SIDES, AND THE PALMS OF THE HANDS FACING FORWARD. SUPINE WHEN LYING FACE UPWARD PRONE WHEN LYING FACE DOWNWARD. BODY PARTS AND REGIONS CENTRAL REGION OF THE BODY CONSISTS OF THE HEAD, NECK, AND TRUNK. TRUNK CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THORAX (CHEST) ABDOMEN (BELLY) AND PELVIS (HIPS) BODY PARTS AND REGIONS THE UPPER LIMB IS DIVIDED INTO THE ARM, FOREARM, WRIST, AND HAND. ARM - EXTENDS FROM THE SHOULDER TO THE ELBOW FOREARM - EXTENDS FROM THE ELBOW TO THE WRIST. BODY PARTS AND REGIONS THE LOWER LIMB IS DIVIDED INTO THE THIGH, LEG, ANKLE, AND FOOT. THIGH - EXTENDS FROM THE HIP TO THE KNEE LEG - EXTENDS FROM THE KNEE TO THE ANKLE QUADRANTS THE ABDOMEN IS OFTEN SUBDIVIDED SUPERFICIALLY INTO FOUR SECTIONS, OR QUADRANTS. TWO IMAGINARY LINES —ONE HORIZONTAL —ONE VERTICAL THAT INTERSECT AT THE NAVEL THE QUADRANTS FORMED ARE THE RIGHT-UPPER, LEFT-UPPER, RIGHT- LOWER, AND REGIONS THE ABDOMEN IS SOMETIMES SUBDIVIDED INTO REGIONS BY FOUR IMAGINARY LINES —TWO HORIZONTAL —TWO VERTICAL. THESE FOUR LINES CREATE AN IMAGINARY TIC-TAC-TOE FIGURE ON THE ABDOMEN, RESULTING IN NINE REGIONS. REGIONS 1. EPIGASTRIC 2-3. RIGHT AND LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC 4. UMBILICAL 5-6.RIGHT AND LEFT LUMBAR 7. HYPOGASTRIC 8-9. RIGHT AND LEFT ILIAC PLANES ▪ TRANSVERSE / HORIZONTAL PLANE – RUNS PARALLEL TO THE SURFACE OF GROUND, DIVIDING THE BODY INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PARTS ▪ FRONTAL / CORONAL PLANE – RUNS VERTICALLY FROM RIGHT TO LEFT & DIVIDES THE BODY INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PARTS PLANES ▪ SAGITTAL PLANE – RUNS VERTICALLY THROUGH THE BODY AND SEPARATES IT INTO RIGHT AND LEFT PARTS ▪ MEDIAN PLANE – A SAGITTAL PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE MIDLINE OF BODY, DIVIDING IT INTO EQUAL RIGHT & LEFT HALVES ▪ PARASAGITTAL PLANE - UNEVEN SAGITTAL PLANE. A B C D SECTIONS ▪ LONGITUDINAL – A CUT ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE ORGAN ▪ TRANSVERSE / CROSS SECTION – CUTS COMPLETELY THROUGH AN ORGAN, SIMILAR TO CUTTING A HOT DOG INTO ROUND PIECES ▪ OBLIQUE – A CUT IS MADE DIAGONALLY ACROSS THE LONG AXIS TRUNK CAVITIES ▪ THORACIC CAVITY – SURROUNDED BY RIB CAGE & IS SEPARATED FROM THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY BY THE MUSCULAR DIAPHRAGM ▪ ABDOMINAL CAVITY – BOUNDED PRIMARILY BY ABDOMINAL MUSCLES; CONTAINS STOMACH, INTESTINES, LIVER, SPLEEN, PANCREAS & KIDNEYS TRUNK CAVITIES ▪ PELVIC CAVITY – A SMALL SPACE ENCLOSED BY THE BONES OF THE PELVIS; CONTAINS THE URINARY BLADDER, PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE, AND THE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. FQ TIME! FUN QUIZ TIME!  FUN QUESTIONS 1. THE HEAD IS _________ TO THE NECK 2. THE STERNUM IS ________ TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 3. THE THUMB IS ________ TO THE FINGERS 4. THE SKIN IS _________ TO THE BONES 5. THE SCAPULA IS _______ TO THE CLAVICLE 6. THE WRIST IS ________ TO THE RADIUS 7. THE EARS ARE ________ TO THE NOSE 8. THE MUSLCES ARE ______ TO THE SKIN 9. THE RIGHT ARM AND LEFT ARM ARE ______ 10. THE LEFT KIDNEY IS _____ TO THE LEFT LUNG  FUN QUESTIONS 1. THE HEAD IS SUPERIOR TO THE NECK 2. THE STERNUM IS ANTERIOR TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 3. THE THUMB IS LATERAL TO THE FINGERS 4. THE SKIN IS SUPERFICIAL TO THE BONES 5. THE SCAPULA IS POSTERIOR TO THE CLAVICLE 6. THE WRIST IS PROXIMAL TO THE RADIUS 7. THE EARS ARE LATERAL TO THE NOSE 8. THE MUSLCES ARE DEEP TO THE SKIN 9. THE RIGHT ARM AND LEFT ARM ARE CONTRALATERAL 10. THE LEFT KIDNEY IS IPSILATERAL TO THE LEFT LUNG THANK YOU ACTI VI TY 1 J OHN MARI E FAMOSO