BIF03 Exam 2019 PDF

BIF03: The Maintenance of Life PACIFIC TECHNICAL AND FURTHER EDUCATION College of Science and Technology Final Examination Semester 2 2019...

BIF03: The Maintenance of Life PACIFIC TECHNICAL AND FURTHER EDUCATION College of Science and Technology Final Examination Semester 2 2019 Blended and Print Mode Duration of Exam: 3 hours + 10 minutes Reading Time: 10 minutes Writing Time: 3 hours Instructions: MARK VALUE: 100 (50% of final grade) TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 21 MINIMUM MARK: 40/100 (20%/50%) to pass this paper NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: A – Multiple Choice - 20 marks B – Short Answer Questions 40 marks C – Paragraph Writing 20 marks D – Essay Question 20 marks NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED Answer all questions in Section A, B and C. Answer ONLY 1 question in section D NOTES TO CANDIDATES Section A – Circle the correct answer on the table provided on page 3. For sections B, C and D answer all the questions in the spaces provided. This is a closed book exam. HAND IN THIS EXAM PAPER AFTER THE EXAM STUDENT NAME: STUDENT ID: CAMPUS/CENTER: MODE OF STUDY:  For Official Use Only SECTION MARKS SCORED TOTAL MARK A 20 B 40 C 20 D 20 TOTAL 100 STUDENT NAME: ________________________________________ STUDENT ID: ________________________________________ MODE: ________________________________________ Page 2 of 21 Section A. Multiple Choice 20 Marks Circle the correct answer 1 A B C D 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D 12 A B C D 13 A B C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16 A B C D 17 A B C D 18 A B C D 19 A B C D 20 A B C D Page 3 of 21 Section A Multiple Choice 20 marks Answer the multiple choice questions in the answer sheet in page 3. 1. Cyanide is a deadly poison that binds to one of the protein complexes in the electron transport chain and prevents the passage of electrons to oxygen. Which of these process will be affected. A. Production of ADP B. Production of ATP C. Production of NAD+ D. Production of NADH 2. In liver cell, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5 times the area of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and about 17 times of the cell’s plasma membrane. What purpose must the enlarge membrane area serve? A. It allows for increased rate of glycolysis. B. It allows for increased rate of the citric acid cycle. C. It increases the surface for oxidative-level phosphorylation. D. It increases the surface for substrate-level phosphorylation. 3. In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react to form ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. Near the end of a marathon, a runner notices that she is unable to maintain her fast pace, and her legs feel very cramped and tired. Which of the following explains the runner's observations? A. More ATP is being released. B. Aerobic respiration is causing too much oxygen to stay in her muscle cells. C. Too much ethanol is building up in her muscles. D. Lactic acid has been produced from anaerobic respiration. 4. The site of light reaction in the diagram is the A. Grana B. Stroma C. Thylakoid D. Inner membrane Page 4 of 21 5. Calvin cycle is found in A. only C3 plants. B. only photophillous plants. C. all C4 plants. D. all photosynthetic plants. 6. Apples are generally wrapped in waxed paper to A. prevent sunlight from changing its colour. B. prevent aerobic respiration by stopping the entry of oxygen. C. prevent ethylene formation due to injury. D. Make the apple look attractive. 7. An advantage of a closed circulatory system is that: A. It is less energetically costly than an open system. B. It enable effective delivery of oxygen due to high blood pressures. C. It lower hydrostatic pressure. D. The circulatory fluid also bathe the body cells. 8. A person suffer a puncture in their chest cavity, without any damage to the lungs. The effect could be ______________. A. reduced breathing rate. B. increased in breathing rate. C. no change in respiration. D. cessation of breathing. 9. The diagram below shows some food in an organ of the human digestive system. Which of the following describes the primary role of the structure above? A. It releases enzymes that break down food B. It makes enzymes used in the digestion of food. C. It mechanically digest food into macromolecules. D. It pushes food toward an organ that breaks down macromolecules 10. Which of the following is the best example of homeostasis? A. Heart rate increases when a person exercises. B. The chest cavity expands when the diaphragm contracts. C. The biceps muscle relaxes when the triceps muscle contracts. D. Digestive enzymes are secreted when food enters the stomach Page 5 of 21 11. Scientists have observed that different species of bats hunt insects at different times of the night. Some of these bat species hunt insects high above lakes, and others hunt insects among the trees. How does hunting at different times of night and at different locations most likely benefit the different bat species? A. It prevents the bat species from breeding with each other. B. It reduces competition among the bat species for food sources. C. It protects the bat species from different types of flying predators. D. It decreases the diversity of the insect population’s bat species prey on. 12. Some protozoans, such as Amoeba and Paramecium, have special organelles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the protozoan is adapted to live in _________. A. a terrestrial environment B. human blood C. a freshwater environment D. the ocean 13. The sum of all Earth's ecosystems is called the __________. A. stratosphere B. lithosphere C. biosphere D. hydrosphere 14. Counter current exchange in the gills of a fish _____. A. speeds up the flow of water through the gills B. maintains a gradient that enhances diffusion C. enables the fish to obtain oxygen while swimming backward D. means that blood and water flow in the same direction 15. An example of integration by the nervous system is A. the feel of hot air outside on a summer day. B. flushing and sweating of your skin in response to the heat. C. perceiving the sound of an ice cream truck coming down the street. D. the decision to run into the house to get money to buy ice cream. 16. Neurotransmitters transmit electrical impulses in nerves by: A. opening calcium channels when the action potential reaches an axon terminal. B. diffusing across the synapse to bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron. C. activating the sodium-potassium pump within the neuron. D. increasing permeability of the membrane to intracellular potassium ions. 17. You see a donut on a plate displayed at your local bakery, and your mouth starts salivating. Which division of the nervous system allows this to happen? A. Somatic B. Parasympathetic C. Sympathetic D. Central Page 6 of 21 18. Some male birds that did not find a mate will help raise the offspring of a relative. This self-sacrifice is best known as: A. altruistic behaviour. B. selfish behaviour. C. spiteful behaviour. D. cooperative behaviour. 19. A family lives near a very loud train but doesn't seem to notice when it roars by their house. However, whenever people come to visit, they are disturbed by the sound of the train going by the house. This is an example of: A. Classical conditioning. B. Habituation. C. Operant conditioning. D. Imprinting. 20. The biome with the greatest diversity of life is A. Tundra. B. Taiga. C. Tropical rain forest. D. Desert. Section B start on the next page …………………… Page 7 of 21 Section B Short Answer Questions 40 marks  Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Question 1 Cell Biology (5 marks) A. The diagram shows the formula of a molecule of an organic compound. (i) To which group of organic compounds does this molecule belong? (1 mark) (ii) Give one way in which this molecule differs from other compounds in the same group. (1 mark) B. The table shows some of the organic compounds found in a bacterial cell. Compound Percentage of total Number of different types dry mass of molecule Protein 55 1050 RNA 20.5 463 DNA 3.1 1 Lipids 9.1 4 Glycogen 2.5 1 (i) Glycogen and protein are both polymers. Explain why there can only be one type of glycogen molecule, but there can be many types of protein. (2 marks) (ii) Explain why there are many types of RNA found in this cell. (1 mark) Page 8 of 21 Question 2 Photosynthesis (5 marks) Study the diagram to answer the following. (i) Which group of plants based on photosynthetic mechanism, exhibit these two types of cells? (1 mark) (ii) What is the first product of C4 cycle? (1 mark) (iii) Which enzyme is there in the bundle sheath and mesophyll cell? (1 mark) (iv) Describe the importance of this type of anatomical features. How does the anatomical features provide an advantage over the structure of C3 plants? (2 marks) Page 9 of 21 Question 3 Plant Hormone (5 marks) The diagram below shows a young plant growing with a sufficient supply of nutrients in normal light. (i) What type of growth response is being shown by the plant? (1 mark) (ii) Describe the mechanism for the response in (i). (2 marks) (iii) Describe the role of the hormone that is responsible to the response above on fruit formation and leaf spacing. Fruit formation: Leaf spacing: (2 marks) Page 10 of 21 Question 4 Plant Transport (5 marks) The diagrams show the underside of a leaf of a bean plant on a cool day and on a warm day. (i) Name the part labelled X within the guard cell. (1/2 mark) (ii) What is the process by which water is lost via part labelled X? ` (1/2 mark) (iii) Describe how the process in (ii) above assists in the transport of water and minerals from root to leaf. (2 marks) (iv) Explain how changes to the guard cells on a hot day help the plant to survive. (2 marks) Page 11 of 21 Question 5 Gas Exchange (5 marks) A. Lungs contain clusters of alveoli used for gas exchange. The diagram below shows a simplified model of one alveolus and the capillary that surrounds it. Please answer the following questions based on this diagram. (i) Identify the main gas that diffuses from the alveolus to the capillary. (1/2 mark) (ii) Explain why the gas you identified in part (i) diffuses in this direction. (1 mark) (iii) How is this gas transported to all cells? (1 mark) (iv) Identify the main gas that diffuses from the capillary to the alveolus. (1/2 mark) (v) Identify the concentration (high or low) of the gas you identified in part (iv) at point “X”, and describe what happens in the body cells to produce this concentration. (1 mark) (vi) Describe how the gas in part (iv) is transported to the alveoli. (1 mark) Page 12 of 21 Question 6 Nervous and Chemical Coordination (5 marks) Homeostasis is essential for the survival of any organism (i) What is homeostasis? (1 mark) (ii) State one variable, other than body temperature and blood calcium levels, that is under homeostatic control in a mammal. Explain why the homeostatic control of this variable is essential for survival. Variable: Explanation: (2 marks) (iii)The nervous system and the endocrine system work together to maintain homeostasis. A comparison between one aspect of the nervous system and the endocrine system is given in the table below. Complete the table with reference to two other aspects of the nervous and endocrine systems. Aspect Nervous System Endocrine System 1 Type of message Electrical Chemical 2 3 (2 marks) Page 13 of 21 Question 7 Osmotic and Ionic Regulation (5 marks) A. A study was carried out comparing camels, cattle and sheep. The average amount of body water the mammals lost per day when the temperature was 42ºC was calculated. The results are shown in the table below. Mammal Body water loss each day camel 1-2% cattle 7-8% sheep 4-6% (i) Using the information given in the table above, explain which animal will survive for the longest time in a hot dry environment. (1 mark) B. Water can be lost from a mammal due to evaporative cooling. (i) Explain how evaporative cooling leads to a reduction in body temperature. (1 mark) (ii) Describe one other way in which a mammal may lose water. (1 mark) C. In another mammalian study, the relative contribution of sweating or panting to evaporative cooling was investigated when the animals were exposed to a hot, dry environment. (i) Describe one advantage to a mammal of panting rather than sweating. (1 mark) (ii) Mammals that live in hot, dry environments have physiological adaptations that help them to survive. Describe one of these adaptations. (1 mark) Page 14 of 21 Question 8 Population (5 marks) The map below shows the world population distribution. (i) Define the term population distribution. (1 mark) (ii) What type of population distribution is shown above? (1 mark) (iii) Identify any two factors (1 biotic and 1 abiotic) that may have caused this type of distribution pattern. (1 mark) (iv) Suggest any two reasons why the population of the world is not evenly distributed. (2 marks) Page 15 of 21 Section C Paragraph Writing 20 marks Write short notes (in point form) on all these topics. 1. Describe carbon dioxide and methane as greenhouse gases, its possible source of production on a larger scale and its harmful effects. 2. Discuss the phases of the menstrual cycle and the specific function of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone in the cycle. 3. Describe the following animal behavior with example. a. Habituation b. Imprinting c. Association d. Imitation e. Innovation 4. Describe the processing of food in the following organs of the human digestive tract. a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Anus Topic Number: ________ (5 marks) Page 16 of 21 Topic Number: ________ (5 marks) Topic Number: ________ (5 marks) Page 17 of 21 Topic Number: ________ (5 marks) Section D start on the next page …………………… Page 18 of 21 Section D Essay 20 marks In this section you are given an opportunity to show that you can:  Select ideas relevant to the topic;  Use appropriate examples; and  Communicate information clearly and logically. Write an essay of about 300-500 words on any ONE of the topics given below. Include a suitable title for your choice. 1. Discuss the characteristics of the biosphere and the different types of terrestrial biomes. Include the effects of forest loss on global climate, plant and animal diversity and nutrient cycling. 2. Describe the 8 (eight) steps of fertilisation and the major developmental stages in a human foetus. Include a brief descriptions of cleavage and gastrulation. 3. Describe the five types of cells, three types of tissues and the five classes of hormones found in plants. Then explain how they assist in daily functioning of the plant. 4. Compare the internal transport systems (circulatory systems) found in insects, fish and humans. Choice - _____ Title: ____________________________________________________ Page 19 of 21 Page 20 of 21  THE END Page 21 of 21