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Questions and Answers
What is the minimum mark required to pass this examination?
What is the minimum mark required to pass this examination?
In which section of the examination are students required to answer all questions?
In which section of the examination are students required to answer all questions?
What is the total mark value of the final examination?
What is the total mark value of the final examination?
Which of the following sections requires the highest number of marks?
Which of the following sections requires the highest number of marks?
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What mode of study is indicated in the examination instructions?
What mode of study is indicated in the examination instructions?
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Which process is indicated if lactic acid has been produced in muscle cells?
Which process is indicated if lactic acid has been produced in muscle cells?
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Where does the Calvin cycle take place in photosynthetic organisms?
Where does the Calvin cycle take place in photosynthetic organisms?
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Why are apples often wrapped in waxed paper?
Why are apples often wrapped in waxed paper?
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Which advantage is a characteristic of a closed circulatory system?
Which advantage is a characteristic of a closed circulatory system?
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What could be a likely effect of a puncture in the chest cavity without lung damage?
What could be a likely effect of a puncture in the chest cavity without lung damage?
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What is the main role of the structure that releases digestive enzymes in the human digestive system?
What is the main role of the structure that releases digestive enzymes in the human digestive system?
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Which option best illustrates the concept of homeostasis in the human body?
Which option best illustrates the concept of homeostasis in the human body?
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How does hunting at different times and locations benefit various bat species?
How does hunting at different times and locations benefit various bat species?
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The presence of organelles that eliminate excess water in protozoans indicates that they are adapted to live in _________.
The presence of organelles that eliminate excess water in protozoans indicates that they are adapted to live in _________.
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What is the term used for the sum of all Earth's ecosystems?
What is the term used for the sum of all Earth's ecosystems?
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Counter current exchange in fish gills primarily serves to _______ .
Counter current exchange in fish gills primarily serves to _______ .
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An example of integration by the nervous system occurs when a person experiences ______.
An example of integration by the nervous system occurs when a person experiences ______.
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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in transmitting signals between neurons by ______.
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in transmitting signals between neurons by ______.
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What division of the nervous system causes salivation when seeing a donut?
What division of the nervous system causes salivation when seeing a donut?
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Self-sacrifice in male birds who help raise relatives' offspring is termed ______.
Self-sacrifice in male birds who help raise relatives' offspring is termed ______.
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The greatest diversity of life among biomes can be found in ______.
The greatest diversity of life among biomes can be found in ______.
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Which type of organic compound is characterized by having a single type of molecule, such as glycogen?
Which type of organic compound is characterized by having a single type of molecule, such as glycogen?
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What distinguishes proteins from glycogen in terms of molecular diversity?
What distinguishes proteins from glycogen in terms of molecular diversity?
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In the context of RNA in bacterial cells, what is a reason for the presence of many different types?
In the context of RNA in bacterial cells, what is a reason for the presence of many different types?
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Which adaptation is associated with C4 plants that provides an advantage over C3 plants?
Which adaptation is associated with C4 plants that provides an advantage over C3 plants?
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What is the first product generated in the C4 cycle of photosynthesis?
What is the first product generated in the C4 cycle of photosynthesis?
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Which enzyme is primarily involved in both the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of C4 plants?
Which enzyme is primarily involved in both the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of C4 plants?
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What type of growth response is depicted in a young plant growing in optimal conditions?
What type of growth response is depicted in a young plant growing in optimal conditions?
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What role does the main hormone play in the growth response of the young plant, particularly in fruit formation?
What role does the main hormone play in the growth response of the young plant, particularly in fruit formation?
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Which animal is expected to survive the longest in a hot, dry environment based on body water loss?
Which animal is expected to survive the longest in a hot, dry environment based on body water loss?
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What is the primary mechanism by which evaporative cooling reduces body temperature?
What is the primary mechanism by which evaporative cooling reduces body temperature?
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What is one advantage of panting over sweating in mammals?
What is one advantage of panting over sweating in mammals?
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What is meant by the term 'population distribution'?
What is meant by the term 'population distribution'?
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Which type of population distribution is often characterized by clusters of individuals?
Which type of population distribution is often characterized by clusters of individuals?
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Which of the following is an abiotic factor that may influence population distribution?
Which of the following is an abiotic factor that may influence population distribution?
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Which of the following is a common physiological adaptation for mammals living in hot, dry environments?
Which of the following is a common physiological adaptation for mammals living in hot, dry environments?
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Why is the population of the world not evenly distributed?
Why is the population of the world not evenly distributed?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
- Organic compound molecule with a hydroxyl group belongs to the group of alcohols.
- The molecule differs from other compounds in the same group by having a carboxyl group.
- Glycogen is a single type of polymer made of repeating glucose subunits.
- Proteins are made up of different sequences of amino acids, resulting in numerous variations.
- RNA's diverse types arise from variations in their nucleotide sequences and the presence of different types of RNA.
Photosynthesis
- Plants with C4 photosynthetic pathway have bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells.
- The first product of the C4 cycle is oxaloacetate.
- Both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells contain the enzyme PEP carboxylase.
- C4 plants have specialized anatomical features that separate the initial carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle.
- This spatial separation increases efficiency in carbon dioxide uptake and reduces photorespiration, providing an advantage over C3 plants.
Plant Hormone
- The plant demonstrates phototropism, growth curvature in response to light.
- Auxin, a plant hormone, is unevenly distributed in the plant, causing cell elongation on the shaded side, leading the plant to bend towards the light.
- Auxin also influences fruit development by stimulating cell division and enlargement, resulting in fruit formation.
- It promotes leaf spacing by inhibiting the growth of axillary buds, allowing for optimal light absorption by the leaves.
Nervous System and Endocrine System
- The nervous system uses electrical impulses for communication, while the endocrine system uses chemical messengers (hormones).
- The nervous system transmits information quickly through specialized nerve cells (neurons).
- The endocrine system transmits information slowly via hormones that travel through the bloodstream.
Osmotic and Ionic Regulation
- Camels have a higher tolerance for water loss than cattle and sheep, allowing them to survive longer in hot, dry environments.
- Evaporative cooling involves converting liquid water into vapor, removing heat from the body.
- Water can be lost through urination, defecation, and respiration.
- Panting is an efficient method of evaporative cooling because it bypasses the need for sweating, which can lead to salt loss.
- Mammals in hot, dry environments have adaptations like concentrated urine and efficient kidneys to conserve water.
Population
- Population distribution refers to the spatial pattern of individuals within a population.
- The map depicts a clumped population distribution, where individuals are concentrated in specific areas.
- Factors like food availability (biotic) and suitable climate (abiotic) can contribute to clumped distribution.
- Uneven distribution can result from variations in factors like resources, habitat suitability, and human activities.
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Description
Test your understanding of cell biology, photosynthesis, and plant hormones. This quiz covers organic compounds, protein structures, C4 photosynthetic pathways, and the roles of various plant hormones. Challenge yourself with questions on these essential biological concepts.
