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All Question Mid 2022/2023 1) Secondary data can almost always be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost than __________data. (a) Tertiary, (b) Collective, (c) Research, (d) Primary 2) A condition or characteristic that can tak...

All Question Mid 2022/2023 1) Secondary data can almost always be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost than __________data. (a) Tertiary, (b) Collective, (c) Research, (d) Primary 2) A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___. (a) Constant, (b) a variable, (c) a cause-and-effect relationship, (d) a descriptive relationship 3) A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): (a) categorical variable, (b) dependent variable (c) independent variable, (d) intervening variable 4) Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships? (a) nonexperimental Research, (b)experimental Research 5) Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables? (a) age, temperature, income, height (b) grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance. (c) gender, religion, ethnic group, (d) both a and b 6) If you have a specific idea about what is to be researched you should (a) Talk to your supervisor. (b) Follow the twelve steps of selecting a research problem. (c) Write a research proposal, (d) Formulate research objectives. 7) The formulation of a research problem is the most crucial part of the research journey as the quantity and vanity of the project entirely depends upon it. (a) True, (b) False 8) What is a function of a literature review? (a) To provide reliable research findings., (b)To identify a research problem. (c) To demonstrate that you can use the internet. (d) To provide a theoretical background to the study 9) A literature review helps to (a) Bring clarity and focus to a research problem. (b) Improve the research methodology. (c) Broaden your knowledge base in your research area., (d) All of the above 10) The main sources of literature for most students are__________. (a) Books, dissertations, and your supervisor. (b) Books, journal articles and the internet. (c) Newspaper articles and documentaries., (d) Google and Wikipedia 11) The literature review serves two important functions (1) it provides theoretical background to a study and (2) it helps contextualise the findings by comparing them with what others found out in relation to the enquiry. (a) True, (b) False 12) A good review of the research literature aims at: (a) Subjective analysis of the content (b) Providing information about the authors and their affiliations (c) Generating research questions and validating those questions (d) Conducts multiple task-based screening. 13) Which of the following problems require research? (a) Why brand Z is more popular than brand Y? (b) Why people of Assam preferred Tea than Coffee? (c) How price affects sale of any product? (d) All of the above. 14. The purpose of literature review is to: (a) Get some idea about the project., (b) Helps in framing research questions and hypothesis. (c) Get an idea about the availability of data and materials about the proposed areas., (d) All of the above. 15. Research is based on: a. Primary data., (b) Secondary Data., (c) Both a & b., (d) None of the above 16 Formulation of research problem is the: (a) First stage in research process., (b) Last stage in research process. (c) Middle stage in research process. 17) Article published in research journal are… (a) Reference sources, (b) Secondary sources (c) Primary sources, (d) Tertiary sources 18) What is a Patent? (a) An agreement to the Government, (b) Document of the library (c) An agreement between the inventor and the Government (d) An agreement between library and Publisher 19) Research periodicals are which category of sources? (a) Primary, (b) Secondary, (c) Tertiary, (d) Non documentary. 20) Which of the following is not the documents? (a) Manuscript, (b) Book, (c) Inscription, (d) Periodical 21) The importance of measurement in quantitative research is that: (a) it allows for exact estimates of the degree of relationship between concepts. (b) it provides a consistent device or yardstick. (c) it allows us to delineate fine differences between people or cases. (d) all of the above. 22) How might qualitative research facilitate quantitative research? (a) By providing hypotheses that can later be tested. (b) By helping with the design of survey questions. (c) By informing the schedule of a structured interview., (d) All of the above. 23) How might quantitative research support qualitative research? (a) By identifying specific groups of people to be interviewed. (b) By utilising a rigorous positivist framework. (c) By combining laboratory experiments with structured participant observation. (d) By showing the occurrence of different responses to a survey. 24) Why do you need to review the existing literature? (a) To make sure you have a long list of references. (b) Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count. (c) To find out what is already known about your area of interest. (d) To help in your general studying 25) A systematic literature review is: (a) One which starts in your own library, then goes to on-line databases and, finally, to the internet. (b) A replicable, scientific and transparent process (c) One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area (d) A responsible, professional process of time-management for research 26) What is the first stage of a systematic review? (a) Assess the relevance of each study to the research question(s) (b) Define the purpose and scope of the review. (c) Appraise the quality of studies from the previous step. (d) Survey all of the literature contained within a single library. 27) The literature review will examine: (a) only opinions., (b) all aspects of a topic. (b) only facts., (d) only one side of the main argument 28) Why do you need to review the existing literature? (a) To make sure you have a long list of references. (b) Because without it, you could never reach the required word – count. (c) To find out what is already known about your area of interest. (d) To help in your general studying. 29) Yearbooks are also known as (a) Handbook, (b) Annual, (c) Directory, (d) Dictionary 30) The person who provides reference service is called (a) Chief librarian, (b) Grade One Librarian, (c) Deputy Librarian, (d) Reference Librarian Question of Doctor 1) Research is any organized inquiry carried out to provide information for solving problems. (a) True (b) False 2) Secondary data can almost always be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost than __________data. (a) Tertiary (b) Collective (c) Research (d) Primary 3) Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of reality? (a) quantitative research (b) qualitative research (c) mixed research (d) none of the above 4) Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings? (a) quantitative research (b) qualitative research (c) mixed research (d) none of the above 5) Which of the following best describes quantitative research? (a) the collection of nonnumerical data (b) an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses. (c) research that is exploratory (d) research that attempts to generate a new theory. 6) A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___. (a) constant (b) a variable (c) a cause-and-effect relationship (d) a descriptive relationship 7) A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): (a) categorical variable (b) dependent variable (c) independent variable (d) intervening variable 8) All the following are common characteristics of experimental research except: (a) it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data. (b) it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect. (c) it uses the deductive scientific method. (d) it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment. 9) Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except: (a) it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest. (b) it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and pictures. (c) it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world. (d) it uses the inductive scientific method. 10) Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships? (a) nonexperimental Research (b) experimental Research 11) What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research? (a) extraneous variables are never present. (b) a positive correlation usually exists. (c) a negative correlation usually exists. (d) manipulation of the independent variable 11) In _____, random assignment to groups is never possible and the researcher cannot manipulate the independent variable. (a) basic research (b) quantitative research (c) experimental research (d) causal-comparative and correlational research 12) What is the defining characteristic of experimental research? (a) resistance to manipulation (b) manipulation of the independent variable (c) the use of open-ended questions (d) focuses only on local problems 13) A positive correlation is present when _______. (a) two variables move in opposite directions. (b) two variables move in the same direction. (c) one variable goes up and one goes down (d) several variables never change. 14) Research in which the researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative research within a stage or across two of the stages in the research process is known as ______. (a) action research (b) basic research (c) quantitative research (d) mixed model research 15) Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables? (a) age, temperature, income, height (b) grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance. (c) gender, religion, ethnic group (d) both a and b Quiz-1 2022/2023 1. A researcher must have a clear idea with regards to what it is that s/he wants to find out about and not what s/he thinks s/he must find. (a) True (b) False 2. If you have a specific idea about what is to be researched you should a) Talk to your supervisor. b) Follow the twelve steps of selecting a research problem. c) Write a research proposal. d) Formulate research objectives 3. The research problem determines a) How good your research skills are. b) What methodology will be used. c) How long the report will be. d) The amount of support you get from your supervisor. 4. The study population is information about a) Problem. b) Phenomenon. c) Programme. d) People 5. The formulation of a research problem is the most crucial part of the research journey as the quantity and vanity of the project entirely depends upon it. (a) True (b) False 6. The formulation a research problem is the most _________ part of the research journey because the quality and relevance of the project entirely depends upon it. a) Trivial. b) Important. c) Motivating. d) Repetitive 7. What helps when developing a research question? a) Specific guidelines in other books. b) Knowledge of the subject area. c) Formulating objectives. d) A big budget 8. Developing a researchable question would not involve a) Assessing the work involved. b) Bearing in mind your technical expertise in the area of research. c) Deciding what statistical software to use. d) Considering the time and resources available to you 9. What is a function of a literature review? a) To provide reliable research findings. b) To identify a research problem. c) To demonstrate that you can use the internet. d) To provide a theoretical background to the study 10. A literature review helps to a) Bring clarity and focus to a research problem. b) Improve the research methodology. c) Broaden your knowledge base in your research area. d) All of the above 11. A review of the literature should sort out the information into a ______________framework. a) Selective. b) Conceptual. c) Universal. d) Theoretical 12. The internet should not be used for finding published literature (a) True (b) False 13. The main sources of literature for most students are__________. a) Books, dissertations, and your supervisor. b) Books, journal articles and the internet. c) Newspaper articles and documentaries. d) Google and Wikipedia 14. The literature review serves two important functions (1) it provides theoretical background to a study and (2) it helps contextualise the findings by comparing them with what others found out in relation to the enquiry. (a) True (b) False 15. Writing a literature review should be thematic in nature, based on main themes, follow a logical progression and various arguments should be substantiated from the literature and adhere to an acceptable academic referencing style. (a) True (b) False 16.The literature review will examine: a. only opinions. b. all aspects of a topic. c. only facts. d. only one side of the main argument Extra Questions (1) Published information in a particular subject area is discussed in? (A) Journals B) Research proposal C) Literature review D) Bioethics E) All of them (2) There are ________ basic elements of a literature review. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 7 (3) Which one is not element of a literature review? A) Headings B) Introduction C) Body D) Conclusion E) Recommendations (4) Summarize & synthesize are characteristics of? A) Research design B) Literature review C) story writing D) Journalism E) All of them (5) Who should write a literature review? A) Scholar B) Teacher C) Supervisor D) Co-ordinator E) Consultant (6) Sources of Literature review are all, except? A) Books B) Journals C) Articles D) Magazines E) Discussions (7) Which of the following is characteristic of poor L.R? A) Critical evaluation B) Clarity C) Conciseness D) Narrow & Shallow E) None of them (8) Which of them is a characteristic of good L.R? A) Confusing B) Critical evaluation C) Longwinded D) Confined to description E) All these (9) The purposes of Literature review are all, except? A) Copy pasting B) Discovering C) Synthesizing D) Identifying E) Establishing (10) L.R is written _________ of the thesis. A) In the start B) At the end C) After introduction D) In the middle (E) After references (11) The method that consists of collection of data through observation and experimentation, formulation and testing of hypothesis is called_______ method. A) Empirical B) scientific C) Scientific information D) practical knowledge E) none of these (12) All research processes start with________ A) Observation B) hypothesis C) Experiments D) deduction E) analysis (13) A Research is a_________ A) Lab experiment B) systematic and scientific inquiry C) Report D) procedure E) hypothesis (14) Which one of the following is/are not the characteristic of research? A) Systemic B) logical C) Empirical D) replicable E) non-systematic (15) The purpose of research is to: A) Review or synthesize existing knowledge B) Investigate existing situations or problems C) Provide solutions to problems D) Explain new phenomenon E) All of these (16) On the basis of objective point of view how many types of research? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 7 (17) Applied research is a type of research on the basis of ________ A) Application B) objective C) Types of information sought D) Application and objective E) None of these (18) Which of the following is/are the type of research on objective point of view? A) Basic B) applied research C) Explanatory research D) Qualitative E) Quantitative research (19) All of the following are the types of research on the basis of objective EXCEPT: A) Exploratory B) descriptive C) Correlation research D) applied research E) Explanatory (20) On the basis of information sought there are 2 types of research which are: A) Exploratory research & explanatory research B) Descriptive research & correlation research C) Qualitative research & quantitative research D) Basic research & applied research E) Basic research & explanatory research (21) Which of the following statement is not correct about a questionnaire? A) A technique for collecting data B) Large amounts of information can be collected C) Its quick and easy to collect results D) An expensive method to collect data E) Set of questions for the purposes of a survey or statistical study (22) Which of the following is a first step of designing a questionnaire? A) Identify the goal of a questionnaire B) Choose a question type or types C) Identify a target demographic D) Restrict the length of your questionnaire E) Develop questions for a questionnaire (23) Types of commonly used questions in a questionnaire are: A) Yes/no question B) agree/disagree C) Open-ended D) Rank-order / scale e) All of the above (24) By writing a questionnaire you should avoid the following thing: A) Restrict the length of your questionnaire B) Explain the purpose of the questionnaire C ) Ask more than one question at a time D) Beware of asking for private or “sensitive” information E) Put the most important questions at the beginning of your questionnaire (25) Which of the following is a first step in writing a questionnaire? A) Explain the purpose of the questionnaire B) Self introduction C) Estimate time D) Reveal what will happen with the data you collect E) Describe any incentives that may be involved (26) Common ways to distribute questionnaires are: A) An online site B) using the mail C) Conduct face-to-face interviews D) using the telephone E) All of these (27) Advantages of questionnaire are: A) Inexpensive B) a practical way to gather data C) its quick and easy to collect results D) Allow you to gather information from a large audience E) All of the above (28) A systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena is called A) Applied research B) basic research C) explanatory D) qualitative E) quantitative (29) Which research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problem? A) Basic research B) applied research C) explanatory D) correlational E) descriptive (30) Preliminary data collection is a part of the_______ research. A) Qualitative B) exploratory C) explanatory D) correlational research E) descriptive research (31) The purpose of which of the following research is to help in the process of developing a clear and precise statement of research problem rather than in providing a definitive answer? A) Exploratory B) descriptive C) explanatory D) basic research E) applied research (32) Which type of research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how – but not why. A) Correlational B) descriptive C) explanatory D) basic research E) applied research (33) Which of the following best describes quantitative research? A) The collection of non-numerical data B) an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses C) Research that is exploratory D) research that attempts to generate a new theory E) None (34) A research in which the principal objective is to know and understand the trait and mechanisms of the relationship and association between the independent and dependent variable is called…. A) Correlation B) descriptive C) Explanatory research D) basic research E) Applied research (35) Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? A) Deductive process B) Control over the context C) Fixed research design D) Inductive process E) None of these (36) Deductive Reasoning is applied in: A) Qualitative B) Action research C) Quantitative research D) Applied E) All of above (37) One step not included in a research planning study is: A) Identifying researchable problem B) a review of current research C) Statement of research D) Developing a research plan E) None (38) The feasibility of research study should be considered in light of: A) Cost and time required to conduct research B) skill required of researcher C) Potential ethical concerns D) All of the above E) None (39) The research participant described in detail in which section of research plan: A) Introduction B) method C) data analysis D) discussion E) All of above (40) A research plan ________? A) Should be detailed B) should be given to other for review and comments C) Sets out the rationale for a research study D) all of the above E) None (41) The method section of research plan typically specifies: A) The research participants B) the result of prior studies that address the phenomena of interest C) the apparatus instruments and materials for research study D) The planned research procedure E) A, C and D (42) The introduction section of research of research plan. A) Gives overview of prior relevant study B) contains a statement of purpose of study C) Both A and B (D) None (43) Pick out odd one.probability sampling can be: A) Simple random sampling B) Systemic random sampling C) Stratified random sampling D) Convenience sampling E) None (43) A subset that is chosen from large population? A) Parameter B) Variable C) Sample D) Statistic E) None of them (44) Individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance such each individual has the same probability of chosen? A) Systemic random sampling B) Simple random sampling C) Stratified random sampling D) Complex sampling E) Non-sampling (45) Which of the following sampling method required complete information about the entire individual of population? A) Systemic random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Simple random sampling D) Convenience sampling E) All of above (46) Sampling technique used when population under study is heterogeneous? A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Systematic random sampling D) Snowball E) All of above (47) A specific plan or protocol for conducting research that allow researcher to transform conceptual hypothesis into practical one is________. A) Research B) Basic research C) Study design D) Research problem D) None (48) The basic epidemiological study designs are of_______ types. A) Two B) Three C) Seven D) Eight E) Ten (49) Pick individual based descriptive research: A) Cross sectional B) Cohort C) Case report D) RCT`s E) Quassi experiments (50) Pick population based descriptive research: A) Case-control B) RCT`s C) Case series D) Cohort E) Ecological research (51) Pick observational based analytical study design: A) Case report B) Case series C) Ecological D) Cohort E) All of above (52) Pick experimental/interventional study design: A) RCT`s B) Quassi experiments C) Case control D) Cohort E) Both A & B (53) Which one is not an analytical study? A) Ecological B) Cohort C) Case-control D) RCT`s E) Quassi experiments (54) A single patient clinical history is described in detail in_________ A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Case study D) Case series E) All of above (55) Snapshot of population at a point of time is________. A) Case report B) Cross-sectional C) Cohort D) Quassi E) RCT`s (56) Screening surveys is example of________ study design. A) Cross-sectional B) Lab tests C) WHO screening D) Community screening E) RCT`s (57) _________ study is part of social sciences, not general research. A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Case study D) Case series E) Cross-sectional (58) Temporal relation doesn`t exist in __________ study design. A) Case report B) Case series C) Cohort D) None of these E) Both A & C (59) The variable being tested & measured in a scientific experiment is_________. A) Dependent B) Independent C) Subjective D) Fixed E) None-statistical (60) A_________ variable is changed & controlled in a scientific experiment. A) Dependent B) Independent C) Subjective D) Fixed E) Non-statistical (61) Which of the following is non-probability sampling technique? A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Snowball sampling D) Cluster sampling E) Systematic random sampling (62) Ethics is the branch of________. A) Philosophy B) Social sciences C) Statistics D) Biostatistics E) Bio-medics (63) A field of study concerned with the ethics & philosophical implications of certain biological & medical procedures, technologies & treatments is called_________. A) Bio-medics B) Biotechnology C) Biogeography D) Biology E) Bioethics (64) Research should be driven only by desire to establish the ________. A) Information B) Conclusion C) Truth D) Planning E) All of these (65) Who provided Helsinki declarations for guidance of medical research community? A) WHO B) UNO C) OIC D) World medical association E) None (66) General ethical principles include: A) Beneficence B) Non-maleficence C) Respect for person D) All A, B & C E) Only A & C (67) Informed consent is also a part of: A) Social sciences B) Research ethics C) Lab tests D) TV shows E) Social media (68) The process of identifying & reporting unethical or unsound research is called_______. A) Research ethics B) Research misconduct C) Study design D) Scholarity E) None (69) _______ is making up data or results & recording or reporting them. A) Plagiarism B) Falsification C) Publication D) Fabrication E) Jurisdiction (70) The appropriation of another person`s ideas, processes, results or words without giving appropriate credit is called________. A) Falsification B) Fabrication C) Publication D) Jurisdiction E) Plagiarism (71) The answers from respondents of the questionnaire are run in software called,________. A) BLAST B) SPSS C) APSSP D) MEGA5 E) Google scholar (72) SPSS software can also detect the magnitude of _________. A) Plagiarism B) Study design C) Research ethics D) Literature review E) None (73) Our research starts with the first step of________. A) Research type B) Research ethics C) Research problem D) Plagiarism E) Both A & C (74) A research scholar is guided by a trained scholar or _________. A) Pharmacist B) Supervisor C) Parents D) Colleagues E) School friends (75) A research normally ends with some _________. A) Recommendations B) Conclusions C) Summary D) Both A & B E) Only C (76) Expansion of knowledge is possible & the result of_________ research. A) True research B) Systematic research C) Complete research D) All A, B & C E) Only A (77) Step by step & proper method is called ________. A) Systematic approach B) Non-systematic C) Logical step D) Inferences E) None of these (78) What isn`t included in research? A) Only info: gathering B) No contribution to new knowledge C) Innovative D) Both A & B E) None (79) The 5 key characteristics of a research include all, except_________. A) Systemic B) Logical C) Reproductive D) Empirical E) Replicable (80) Smoking & lung cancer is an example of ________research. A) Descriptive B) Exploratory C) Explanatory D) Basic research E) Correlational (81) Unstructured or semi-structured techniques & non-statistical analysis is part of ________. A) Quantitative B) Qualitative C) Action research D) Applied research E) All of these (82) The data acquired from internet or medical record is _________ data. A) Primary B) Qualitative C) Quantitative D) Secondary E) Both C & D (83) A person is given a questionnaire for inquiring his health status, the data provided is ________. A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) Indirect data E) Analytical data (84) Measurement the height of students of class 7th & writing it as 4 ft, 4.5 ft, 4.7 ft, this is ________. A) Qualitative research B) Applied C) Quantitative D) Descriptive E) Basic (85) The following type of research is used to recommend a final course of action: A) Action research B) Basic C) Qualitative D) Quantitative E) Both C & D (86) Which step isn`t included in doing before writing a literature review? A) clarity B) Narrowing topic C) Finding model D) Avoid focus E) Consider organization (87) Keeping own voice in writing research is a part of writing -_______. A) Literature review B) Introduction C) Recommendations D) Conclusions E) All of these (88) In writing each piece, considerations should be given to all, except_______. A) Provenance B) Vigilance C) Objectivity D) Value E) Persuasiveness (89) Which one is not part of research methodology? A) Collecting info; B) Writing L.R C) Drawing conclusions D) Follow up E) Publication (90) The part where credit is given to any author of previous work is called________. A) Introduction B) Conclusion C) References D) Publication E) All of these (91) Strength of association is studied in which study design? A) Analytical B) Observational C) Interventional D) Both A & C E) Both B & C (92) Testing of hypothesis is done in_________. A) Analytical B) Observational-analytical C) Interventional D) Both A & C E) Both B & C (93) Developing the hypothesis is an objective of _______ study. A) Analytical B) Interventional C) Observational D) Experimental E) Descriptive (94) No examination of association b/w exposure & health outcome, select true study design: A) Analytical B) Descriptive C) Interventional D) Observational E) Experimental (95) A study that helps in developing an etiological hypothesis: A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Case report D) Cross-sectional comparative E) Case study (96) When you are searching different search engines & assessing published materials. It is a ________. A) Literature review B) Literature search C) Internet surfing D) Both A & B E) None (97) Outline approach is used in which part of research? A) Questionnaire B) Research ethics C) Study design D) L.R E) All of these (98) ‘’Do you treat your children with kindness like a good parent should do?’’ This is a______ question. A) Confusing B) Double-barrelled C) Loaded or bias D) Fine E) Invalid (99) Do you like cats and dogs? This is a ________ question. A) Confusing B) Double-barrelled C) Loaded or bias D) Fine E) Invalid (100) You should start your questionnaire with a question that is more________ to topic. A) Relevant B) Exhausting C) Strong D) Endless E) Confusing ‫لو وصلت لهنا متنسانيش في‬