ATA 57 Wings Maintenance Training Manual PDF - January 2023

BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) ATA 57 - WINGS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY B1/B2 MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 1 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION The wing-box structure has: • • • • • Attachments for the lateral f...

BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) ATA 57 - WINGS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY B1/B2 MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 1 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION The wing-box structure has: • • • • • Attachments for the lateral flight control surfaces Nacelle support structure Ailerons Spoilers Trailing edge flaps It is also is used for fuel storage including the collector and surge bays. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 2 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS The integral fuel tanks are part of the wing-box and extend outboard from the fuselage. The fuel tanks include the collector and surge bays. GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED The wing is a cantilever unit installed through the upper fuselage. It includes a centre and outer section as well as wing tips and wing leading edges. The skin assemblies have stringers attached to the skins to improve fatigue resistance. The leading edges are made of composite material with integral lightweight pneumatic de-icing boots. Composite shrouds fitted to the rear spar ahead of the flaps and ailerons give access to these systems. The wing incorporates: • • • • • • • • • Integral Fuel Tanks Nacelle Mounting Structure Centre Wing Outer Wing Wing Tip Wing Leading Edge Trailing Edge Devices and Flaps Ailerons Spoilers The ribs are machined from aluminium plate. The upper skin panel is made from aluminium. The upper skin machined pockets vary in thickness. Machined Z and T stringers add stiffness to the upper skin and are attached to the skin by countersunk rivets and Hi-Lite fasteners. The skin has a constant machined thickness of 0.190 in (4.83 mm). The lower skin is formed from aluminium. Machined Z stringers add stiffness to the lower skin and are attached to the skin by countersunk rivets and Hi-Lite fasteners. The internal wing panel surface and structure is protected with anodic coating and integral fuel tank epoxy primer. The exterior skins are anodized, epoxy primed and painted with enamel top coat for added protection. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 3 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED The wing-box structure has a straight centre section of constant chord tapering by 3.87° from wing Sta.YW 00.00 to Sta.YW 191.0 left and right. The front and rear machined spars are connected by machined ribs and upper and lower skins to form the wing-box. The spars are the mounting structure for the fuselage, nacelles and several components for the various aircraft systems. The spars also have the jacking pads. The wing structure is attached to fittings on the fuselage section with tension bolts. The wing-box has composite shrouds for the trailing edge flap assembly and metal composite leading edges. The outer wing-box section has a constant tapered chord extending from Sta.YW 191.2 to Sta.YW 535.019. The wing dihedral of the outboard wing is 2.5°. The front and rear machined spars are connected by machined ribs and upper and lower skins to form the wing-box. The spars are the mounting structure for: • • • • • • • Composite leading edges Composite shroud assemblies Flap actuator attachment brackets Fuel components Hydraulic components Electrical components Aileron attachment fittings TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 4 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - CENTRE AND OUTER WING DETAIL TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 5 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED CENTRE WING The centre wing has a one piece machined aluminium upper and lower skin. Access panels are attached by screws to access cut-out surround structures in the upper skin. Gang channels with dome nut plates are attached to the lower surface flange for attachment of the access panels. The front and rear spar attachment fittings and strut attachment fittings for the wing to fuselage are made from corrosion resistant steel. The spar caps are part of the machined spar assembly. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 6 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - CENTRE WING SECTION DETAIL TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 7 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED WING TIP The wing tip encloses the outboard end of the wing structure and gives a smooth profile to reduce drag. It also supplies attachment points for the wing tip position lights. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 8 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - WING TIP LOCATOR TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 9 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED WING LEADING EDGE The leading edge is a sandwich structure made of aluminium facings and core. Pneumatic deice boots are bonded to the leading edges. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 10 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - INBOARD WING LEADING EDGE LOCATOR TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 11 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED WING LEADING EDGE CONTINUED The outboard leading edges start outboard of the nacelles and extend toward the wing tip. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 12 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - OUTER WING LEADING EDGE LOCATOR TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 13 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED WING LEADING EDGE CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION The centre wing leading edge is a sandwich structure made from an inner and outer aluminium skin facing and an aluminium honeycomb core. It extends from the fuselage Sta.YW 55.2 to the inboard side of the nacelle Sta.YW 155.2. It is attached by screws to the upper and lower cap flanges of the front spar. Two ribs one at each end stiffen the leading edge locally. The two ribs are made from aluminium and are attached only to the leading edge itself. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 14 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - LEADING EDGE CROSS-SECTION TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 15 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED TRAILING EDGE DEVICES/FLAPS Each wing has an inboard and an outboard flap surface. The inboard flap is installed between the fuselage structure and the engine nacelle inboard structure. The outboard flap is installed between the engine nacelle outboard structure and the aileron. The inboard flap has a constant cord and the outboard flap is tapered. When the flaps are retracted, they fit into the flap shrouds along the trailing edge of the wing to form an aerodynamically clean wing surface. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 16 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - INBOARD AND OUTBOARD FLAPS LOCATOR TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 17 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED AILERONS The aileron assembly has three hinge fittings. A fourth outer hinge attaches to the wing rear spar hinge arms. The aileron structure has the: • • • • • • Skins Ribs Stiffeners Actuator fittings Trim Gear tab hinge attachment points The aileron box, trailing edge, gear and trim tabs are made of aluminium. The leading edge and aileron tip are of composite construction. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 18 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - AILERONS LOCATOR TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 19 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONTINUED SPOILERS There are two hydraulically powered roll spoilers on each wing. The roll spoilers operate with the ailerons to give lateral control of the aircraft in flight. The inboard spoilers are located forward of the outboard flaps and are hinged to the upper surface of the wing. The spoiler Power Control Units (PCU), are supplied with hydraulic pressure for extending or retracting the panels. The outboard spoilers are located forward of the outboard flaps. They are hinged to the upper surface of the wing. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 20 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - INBOARD AND OUTBOARD SPOILERS LOCATOR TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 21 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CENTRE WING The centre wing has attaches to the upper fuselage. It includes the dry bay and nacelle support structures. The inboard flaps also attach to the aft end of the centre wing. It is also is used for some of the fuel storage, and houses the fuel collector bay. This gives the minimum displacement of the centre of gravity during fuel burn. The centre wing section extends outward to the outboard side of the nacelles. The skin assemblies use metal bonding techniques to attach stringers to the skins. This improves fatigue resistance. The leading edges are made of composite material with integral lightweight pneumatic de-icing boots. Composite shrouds are fitted to the rear spar, forward of the flaps. The Centre section has: • • • Centre Wing Access Panels Centre Wing Fairings Centre Wing Leading Edge The centre wing section has a straight centre section of constant cord tapering by 3.87° from wing station Sta.Y 00.00 to Sta.Y 191.0 left and right. The front and rear machined spars are joined by machined ribs and upper and lower skins to form the wing-box. The spars are mounting structure for the fuselage and nacelles, and also have jacking pads. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 22 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - CENTRE WING SECTION TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 23 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED CENTRE WING CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION The upper skin panel is a one piece machined aluminium section from Sta.Y 191.2 to Sta.Y 425.019 LH/RH. The upper skin varies from 0.100 to 0.195 in (2.54 to 4.95 mm) with machined pockets vary from 0.065 to 0.140 in (1.65 to 3.56 mm) in thickness. Machined Z and T stringers add stiffness to the upper skin, and are attached to the skin by countersunk rivets and Hi-Lite fasteners. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 24 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - OUTER WING ACCESS PANELS PAGE 1 TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 25 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED CENTRE WING CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION CONTINUED The access cut-out surround structure from wing station Sta.Y 191.2 to Sta.Y 443.019 is integral of the machined upper skin. It has a constant machined thickness of 0.15 in (3.85 mm). Gang channels integrated with dome nut plates are attached to the lower surface flange for attachment of the access covers. The lower skin is a one piece aluminium machined section with same dimensions as upper skin. The lower skin is 0.1 in (2.54 mm). Machined Z stringers add stiffness to the lower skin, and are attached to the skin by countersunk rivets and Hi-Lite fasteners. The internal wing panel surface and structure is protected with anodic coating and integral fuel tank epoxy primer. The exterior skins are anodized, epoxy primed and painted with enamel top coat for added protection. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 26 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - OUTER WING ACCESS PANELS PAGE 3 TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 27 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED WING TIP The wing tip encloses the outboard end of the wing structure and gives a smooth profile to reduce drag. It also supplies attachment points for the wing tip position lights. The wing tip includes: • • Wing Tip Access Panels Wing Tip Fairings The wing tip has these access panels: • • 528AL, 628AR - left and right side lens covers for the position lights give access to the primary and secondary wing tip position lights and related wiring harnesses 528CB, 628CB - left and right side access panels on the bottom side of the wing tip fairing give access to the wing tip structure TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 28 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - WING TIP ACCESS PANELS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 29 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED WING TIP CONTINUED The wing tip has these access panels: • 528BL, 628BR - left and right side wing tip fairing. The entire wing tip fairing can be removed to give access to electrical wiring harnesses and to the No.4 aileron hinge TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 30 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - WING TIP FAIRINGS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 31 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED WING TIP CONTINUED WING TIP FAIRING The wing tip fairing is located between Sta.YW 535.019 and Sta.YW 559.958. It is attached by screws to the: • • • Wing box structure Aileron shroud Outer wing leading edge The fairing has an external skin assembly which is made up of the top skin, the bottom skin and the leading edge skin. The skin assembly is a composite structure using nine different laminated layers of E-glass, Kevlar and honeycomb. The leading edge skin is enclosed by a closing rib assembly where it meets the outer wing leading edge. The forward part of the fairing has a spar assembly which is an extension of the wing front spar. A canted rib assembly extends fore and aft on an angle from the leading edge skin, through the spar, to the rear of the fairing. The rear part of the fairing is enclosed by a closing member assembly where it meets the wing structure. The outboard end of the fairing has a flange for the attachment of the position light lens. The canted rib has two brackets where the primary and secondary position lights are attached. There is an access panel on the bottom skin. A static discharge wick is attached to the outboard, aft corner of the fairing. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 32 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - WING TIP LOCATOR TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 33 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED FLAPS The wing flaps increase wing lift to reduce the stalling speed. FLAP SHROUDS The outboard upper shroud closure panel assembly is located between the nacelle and the aileron. It is attached by screws to the upper cap flange of the rear spar and by struts also connected to the rear spar. In the fully retracted position, the leading edge of the flap aligns with the upper flap shroud on the wing to give an aerodynamically smooth wing surface. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 34 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - OUTBOARD FLAP CLOSURE PANELS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 35 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS The aileron box, trailing edge, gear and trim tabs are made of aluminium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED The leading edge and aileron tip are of composite construction. The aileron box is a metallic structure that has a: AILERON SURFACES The aileron surfaces give roll (lateral) control of the aircraft in flight. There are two aileron control surfaces. One is installed on the outboard end of the left wing. The other is installed on the outboard end of the right wing. Front spar Rear spar Horn spar Reinforced top and bottom skins Stiffeners and ribs The ribs are located in the hinges, actuator and horn areas. The Aileron Surfaces has: • • • • • • • The aileron has horn and leading edge mass balance. Aileron Access Panels Aileron Shrouds Each wing has an aileron with a span of 135 in (3.4 m), outboard of wing station Sta. YW 425.669. The aileron is connected to the wing through 4 hinges. All the hinges transfer loads in the X and Z directions, and hinge No.2 at Sta.Y 477.039 also transfers load in the Y direction. Aileron movement is defined by the control system and is translated to the aileron by a push rod connected to the aileron actuator bracket. The aileron actuator bracket is located at the front spar, at the inboard No.1 hinge position. The aileron has these components: • • • • • • Aileron box Leading edge Trailing edge Aileron tip Gear tab Trim tab right hand aileron only TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 36 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - AILERONS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 37 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS They are attached by three hinge fittings on the aft face of the rear wing spar. A spoiler actuator link connects the middle hinge attachment to the actuator on the spoiler Power Control Unit (PCU). DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED The spoiler panels fair with the wing top skin when retracted and extend upwards up to a maximum of 75° when operated. SPOILERS The roll spoilers are a secondary flight control system. They operate with the aileron control system to give lateral control of the aircraft in flight. The roll spoilers also have a ground mode which decreases the lift after the aircraft has touched down. INBOARD SPOILERS Each wing has inboard roll spoilers. The hydraulically powered roll spoilers operate with the ailerons to give lateral control of the aircraft in flight. Hand wheel movement operates a cable system connected to pushrods, levers, clutches and quadrants, which supply a mechanical input to hydraulic actuators to extend or retract the spoiler panels. Roll spoilers move in conjunction with and in proportion to the up going aileron. The No.1 hydraulic system supplies power to operate the inboard spoilers. There are three modes of spoiler operation: • • • Flight Mode Ground Mode Taxi Mode The spoilers are located on the upper surface of each wing forward of the outboard flaps. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 38 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - INBOARD SPOILERS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 39 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) WINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION CONTINUED SPOILERS CONTINUED OUTBOARD SPOILERS Each wing has outboard roll spoilers. The hydraulically powered roll spoilers operate with the ailerons to give lateral control of the aircraft in flight. Hand wheel movement operates a cable system connected to: • • • • Pushrods Levers Clutches Quadrants These supply a mechanical input to hydraulic actuators to extend or retract the spoiler panels. Roll spoilers move in conjunction with and in proportion to the up going aileron. The No.2 hydraulic system powers the outboard spoilers. The spoilers are located on the upper surface of each wing forward of the outboard flaps. They are attached by three hinge fittings on the aft face of the rear wing spar. A spoiler actuator link connects the middle hinge attachment to the actuator on the spoiler Power Control Unit (PCU). The spoiler panels fair with the wing top skin when retracted and extend upwards up to a maximum of 75° when operated. TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 40 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) STRUCTURES - WINGS - OUTBOARD SPOILERS TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 41 of 42 BOMBARDIER DHC 8-400 (PWC PW150) INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TO BE USED FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ATA 57 - WINGS Issue 6 - January 2023 Page 42 of 42