Introduction to Biochemistry PDF

Evolve. Adapt. Overcome. CEFI is now ready. INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY HAZEL DOROTHY CESAR-VILAN, RCHE, MSC. College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATI...

Evolve. Adapt. Overcome. CEFI is now ready. INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY HAZEL DOROTHY CESAR-VILAN, RCHE, MSC. College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. OBJECTIVES After this lecture, you should be able to: 1. Explain the characteristics of living matter; 2. Describe the relationship between biochemistry and the living state; 3. Differentiate biomolecules in terms of structure and function; No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. OUTLINE I. Characteristics of Living Matter II. Biochemistry and the Living State III. Biomolecules IV. Energy Transformation V. Chemical Reactions No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER No single characteristic can completely delineate living matter from non-living matter. Some living matter shares common traits with non-living matter. Despite some common traits, there are distinctions that we can classify living matter with non-living matter No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER They are made up of unit building blocks called cells. They can reproduce. They are based on the universal genetic code. They grow and develop They obtain and use materials and energy. They respond to their environment. They maintain a stable internal environment. Taken as a group, living things change over time. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE LIVING STATE Living organisms like humans, and even the individual cells that compose them, are extremely complicated and varied. From the simplest bacterium to a human being, certain unifying characteristics are a common denominator of all living things. All of them use the same type of biomolecules and all of them use energy. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE LIVING STATE No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE LIVING STATE No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. BIOMOLECULES Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CARBOHYDRATES No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CARBOHYDRATES No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. LIPIDS No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. NUCLEIC ACIDS No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. PROTEINS No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Cells are in a dynamic state, which means that compounds are constantly being synthesized and then broken down into smaller fragments. Thousands of different reactions take place at the same time. Metabolism is the sum total of all the chemical reactions involved in maintaining the dynamic state of the cell. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION We can classify metabolic reactions into two broad groups: CATABOLISM – the process of breaking down molecules to supply energy. ANABOLISM – the process of synthesizing molecules needed by the cells. The same compounds can be produced in one part of the cell and then broken down in different parts of the cell. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CHEMICAL REACTIONS There are important chemical reactions that lead to the breaking down of biomolecules into their monomeric units or the building up of molecules. Condensation Reaction Hydrolysis Esterification No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. CONDENSATION REACTION A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger one by liberating a small molecule, usually water. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. HYDROLYSIS Hydrolysis refers to the reaction of a compound with H2O, in which the compound splits into two or more fragments. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer.  COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, SCIENCES & EDUCATION Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. ESTERIFICATION REACTION Esterification reaction is the reaction of the carboxylic acid with an alcohol or phenol to produce an ester. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author or lecturer. Evolve. Adapt. Overcome. CEFI is now ready. Thank you for listening!