Apayao Summary PDF

APAYAO  APAYAO 1570s: became a refuge from foreign influence and social issues 1900s: became a sub-province of Cagayan, then part of the Mountain Province 1967: Kalinga-Apayao Province formed, fostering Apayao's identity. Martial Law era: Apayao Solidarity Movement prom...

APAYAO  APAYAO 1570s: became a refuge from foreign influence and social issues 1900s: became a sub-province of Cagayan, then part of the Mountain Province 1967: Kalinga-Apayao Province formed, fostering Apayao's identity. Martial Law era: Apayao Solidarity Movement promoted development. 1995: Apayao became a separate province, focusing on community development.Apayao's history reflects resilience, culture, and progress. Apayao's culture thrived despite administrative changes and challenges.  ETHNOLOINGUISTIC GROUPS Calanasan and Kabugao: the only Isnag-dominated areas. Other towns: are inhabited by various ethnic and linguistic groups. Isnags are classified by dialect accents: Mandayas (Calanasan, parts of Luna and Flora) Mallods (Kabugao, Pudtol, parts of Luna) Nagbuangan (Conner, Southern Kabugao) Early Isneg Education ▪ Children foster physical independence from infancy. ▪ Moral education prioritized over vocational training. ▪ Corporal punishment and shame used for discipline. ▪ Vocational skills like kaingin work taught through hands-on learning. Formal Education in Apayao Early education began at home. Missionaries introduced Christian values. 1914: First school (Talifugo Dormitory) established 1916: Namaltugan Settlement Farm School opened 1930: Agricultural high school founded in Kabugao 1948: established Apayao High School, later renamed Apayao Christian Academy Apayao State College (ASC) Founded as Conner Vocational High School in 1971. Expanded to offer post-secondary courses in 1978 (KASAT). Became Apayao State College (ASC) in 1998 through R.A. 8563. Offers various degree programs and serves through instruction, research, and community outreach.  Isnag Literature ▪ Rich in riddles, epics, proverbs, and moral stories reflecting cultural pride, wisdom, and resilience. a. Banbane-u (riddles) encourages critical thinking b. The epic Madalapang explores love, betrayal, and redemption c. Pagsasao (proverbs) impart life lessons and values d. Adodit stories entertain and offer moral insights Songs, Musical Instruments, and Dances Disodis and Uggayam: express emotions and life experiences. Dances include the Talip (rooster dance) and Taddo (courtship dance), performed to rhythmic gongs and drums. Festivals Panagapit ken Panagyaman: Celebrates unity and abundance in Luna Panagbunga: Celebrates the fruit harvest in Conner Lapat Festival: Honors Isnag heritage and livelihood in Calanasan Kabinulig Festival: Celebrates banana production in Flora Balangkoy Festival: Highlights cassava industry in Sta. Marcela Agricultural Rituals Rice culture involves a one-year crop cycle with activities like land preparation (manatalun, tadaw, si-dug) and planting (magtungo). Dreams are often believed to indicate bountiful or poor harvest, Activities like magaggi (threshing palay) and dudu (weeding) are crucial. Socio-Cultural Ceremonies Say-am: A major socio-cultural ceremony for family reunions, thanksgiving, and anniversaries. Pildap: Smaller ceremonies involving animal slaughter for community activities. Marriage Marriage rituals emphasize harmony and respect, with moral and social obligations. Settlement of Disputes Reconciliation practices involve material and emotional compensation Treating the Sick Health issues are seen as caused by supernatural beings, with treatments relying on natural remedies and specialists. Burying the Dead a. Rituals include coconut tree felling b. Sagsag: beheading a dog c. Magabobat ritual: removal of mourning clothes General Beliefs and Practices Abbit Syndrome: patting or tapping someone accidentally harmed (e.g., stepped on, spat on). Saying "abbit" is necessary to avoid matuluod (ill-fate) and accusations. Manglabag: Observing the movements of omen animals encountered on the way to work. Magtagenap (Dream Observation): Dreams serve as premonitions for future activities.  Social Justice Palnah Purpose: An indigenous intertribal pact among the Isnags aimed at enhancing economic stability, social security, and preserving cultural heritage. Administration: Managed by the Council of Elders; similar to the Bodong of Kalinga Conflict Resolution: Involves democratic principles with elders facilitating compromises, guided by the moral law Scope: Addresses conflicts such as land disputes, trespassing, and minor offenses. Process: The council listens to both parties and recommends resolutions; if fines are agreed upon, parties share a meal as a symbol of friendship. Limitations: More serious conflicts may require government judicial involvement; some agreements have lost significance over time. Pumiyaan (Conner Conflict Settlement) Overview: A conflict settlement practiced in the Municipality of Conner, promoting peace and resolving community conflicts with government intervention. Establishment: Pumiyaan office was created under the Mayor's Office, functioning as a semi-government quasi-judicial body for arbitration and mediation. Consultative Council: Pumiyaan Consultative Council (CPCC) is a member of the Municipal Peace and Order Council (MPOC), established in September 2011. Conflict Process: When litigants seek an out-of-court settlement, conflicts are endorsed to Pumiyaan; if mediation fails, cases go to judicial courts. Effectiveness: High likelihood of resolving conflicts in one or two sessions, promoting ancestral and customary laws in intra-tribal and inter-tribal conflicts.