ANE 10W Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2024 (UCLA) PDF

ANE 10W Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2024 (UCLA) Prepare by giving a short definition for each date and term. Use both lecture and assigned readings. The exam includes fill-in-the-blanks and short answer questions. A timeline is highly recommended. Know the events that took place on the following...

ANE 10W Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2024 (UCLA) Prepare by giving a short definition for each date and term. Use both lecture and assigned readings. The exam includes fill-in-the-blanks and short answer questions. A timeline is highly recommended. Know the events that took place on the following dates and terms. Sample answers for short answer questions are included. Key Dates (CE) 70: Destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans. 135: End of the Bar Kokhba Revolt; Jerusalem becomes Aelia Capitolina. 313: Edict of Milan issued by Constantine, legalizing Christianity. 325: Council of Nicaea unifies Christian doctrine. 451: Council of Chalcedon defines Christ's nature. 570: Birth of Prophet Muhammad in Mecca. 610: Muhammad receives his first revelation. 632: Death of Muhammad; rise of Caliphate under Abu Bakr. 638: Caliph Umar captures Jerusalem. 661: Death of Caliph Ali; Umayyad Caliphate begins. 691/2: Dome of the Rock completed. 705: Al-Aqsa Mosque completed. 1095: Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade. 1099: Crusaders capture Jerusalem. 1187: Saladin recaptures Jerusalem. Term IDs Golgotha/Calvary: Site of Jesus' crucifixion. Foundation Stone: Sacred stone central to Jewish and Islamic traditions. Nea Church: Byzantine church built by Emperor Justinian. Surah 53: Qur'anic chapter referencing Muhammad's Night Journey. Josephus: Historian who recorded the fall of the Second Temple. Aelia Capitolina: Roman city built by Hadrian on Jerusalem's ruins. Surah 17/Night Journey: Qur'anic account of Muhammad's miraculous journey to Jerusalem. Western Wall: Last remaining structure of the Second Temple. Gospel of Luke: Biblical narrative of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. Church of the Anastasis/Holy Sepulcher: Site of Jesus' crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. Egeria: Christian pilgrim documenting 4th-century Jerusalem. Benjamin of Tudela: Jewish traveler who chronicled medieval Jerusalem. Pilgrim of Bordeaux: Early Christian pilgrim documenting Jerusalem in 333 CE. Lamentations Rabbah: Jewish Midrashic commentary on the Book of Lamentations. Antiochus IV/Epiphanes: Hellenistic ruler who desecrated the Second Temple. Cardo Maximus: Main Roman thoroughfare in Aelia Capitolina. Herod 'the Great': Builder of the Second Temple and major structures in Jerusalem. Hadrian: Roman emperor who rebuilt Jerusalem as Aelia Capitolina. Prophet Muhammad: Founder of Islam, whose Night Journey includes Jerusalem. Idumea: Region south of Judea; annexed by the Hasmoneans. Pompey: Roman general who captured Jerusalem in 63 BCE. Eusebius: Early Christian historian and bishop of Caesarea. Gospels: Biblical accounts of Jesus' life, central to Christian belief. Council of Nicaea: Defined orthodox Christian beliefs, particularly on Christ's divinity. Temple of Aphrodite: Roman temple built on the site later identified as the Holy Sepulcher. Council of Chalcedon: Defined the dual nature of Christ. Mount Sion: Religious and historical area in Jerusalem. Dome of the Rock: Islamic shrine built on the Temple Mount. Revelation: Biblical prophecy, often interpreted in Christian eschatology. Aqsa Mosque: Islamic mosque on the Temple Mount. Haram esh-Sharif: Islamic term for the Temple Mount. Justinian: Byzantine emperor known for building projects in Jerusalem. Madaba Map: Byzantine mosaic map depicting the Holy Land. Caliph 'Umar: Conqueror of Jerusalem in 638. Edict of Milan: Granted religious tolerance to Christians. True Cross: Relic believed to be the cross of Jesus. Gethsemane: Garden where Jesus prayed before his arrest. Old City Walls: Fortifications of Jerusalem rebuilt by Suleiman the Magnificent. Constantine: First Christian Roman emperor, promoted Christianity. Temenos: Sacred precinct, often referring to the Temple Mount. Arch of Titus: Roman triumphal arch commemorating the capture of Jerusalem. Helena: Mother of Constantine, associated with Christian relic discoveries. Short Answer Questions 1. **Byzantine Reconfiguration & Luke 19-24**: The Byzantine city reflects Luke's narrative of Jesus' last week through key sites: - Mount of Olives: Where Jesus prayed and entered Jerusalem. - Golgotha: Commemorated by the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. - Gethsemane: Jesus' arrest location. **Sample Answer**: The Byzantine reconfiguration of Jerusalem highlights locations from Luke 19-24. The Mount of Olives, Jesus' crucifixion at Golgotha, and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher are key reflections of Christian pilgrimage and devotion. 2. **Hadrian's Aelia Capitolina**: Hadrian rebuilt Jerusalem as a Roman city: - Introduced the Cardo and Decumanus streets. - Constructed a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount. **Sample Answer**: Hadrian's Aelia Capitolina transformed Jerusalem into a Roman city with a grid structure and a temple to Jupiter, signifying Roman dominance and suppressing Jewish identity. 3. **Dome of the Rock**: The Dome of the Rock is an Islamic monument symbolizing: - Connection to Abrahamic traditions. - Political assertion of Islam in Jerusalem. - Early Islamic art and ideology. **Sample Answer**: The Dome of the Rock reflects Islamic claims to Jerusalem. It emphasizes connections to Abraham, asserts political power, and represents early Islamic artistry.