Anatomy Exam 3 PDF

At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified? ○ 25 years At the ankle joint, what movement that brings the foot closer to the shin? ○ Dorsiflexion What shape of bone is listed with an incorrect example? ○ Flat bone - thigh bone Where on a long bone is articul...

At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified? ○ 25 years At the ankle joint, what movement that brings the foot closer to the shin? ○ Dorsiflexion What shape of bone is listed with an incorrect example? ○ Flat bone - thigh bone Where on a long bone is articular cartilage found? ○ On the outer surface of the epiphyses A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the ○ Maxillae What is a sprain? ○ Overstretched or torn ligaments in a joint Which of the following is not a synovial joint? ○ Symphysis The sternum is composed of three parts: the lower manubium, the middle body, and the upper xiphoid? ○ False Bones are classified as irregular, flat, short or long? ○ True A landscaper accidentally had their leg crushed by a tree. Their femur was impacted with such force that a section of the bone completely shattered into fragments. What type of break is this? ○ A comminuted fracture What three bones fuse to form the hip bone? ○ The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis Closed, fluid-filled sacs that function as cushions are called bursae? ○ True The atlas is one of the ______ vertebrae. ○ Cervical Red bone marrow functions in the formation of ______. ○ Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Turning the head to look at something over your shoulder, is an example of what type of motion? ○ Rotation of the head What is the process by which a bone grows in thickness? ○ Deposit of compact bone beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis Joints can be classified as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic. What characteristic was used to classify the joints? ○ Degree of movement possible at the joint In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in ______, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ______. ○ Rickets; retardation of bone development What are the secondary curves of the vertebral column? ○ Cervical and lumbar curvatures Osteoblasts are _______, whereas osteocytes are _______. ○ Bone-forming cells; mature-bone cells  If the sinus cavities located within the skill were instead completely filled with bone, the skull would be much heavier. ○ True The first cervical vertebra is the axis and second is the atlas. ○ False Lordosis is an excess curvature of the thoracic part of the vertebral column. ○ False Fontanels in the fetal skull permit some bone movement, enabling the fetus to pass more easily through the birth canal during childbirth. ○ True Which of the following is not an abnormal curvature of the spine? ○ Multiple sclerosis Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis? ○ Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging The pectoral girdle consists of two scapulae and two clavicles. ○ True Which of the following correctly pairs a term with its definition? ○ Abduction – lifting the arm out to the side of the body so that it is parallel to the ground What is a compound fracture? ○ A broken bone exposed to the outside What are the primary curves of the vertebral column ○ Thoracic and sacral curvatures What two bones form the hard palate? ○ Maxillary and palatine bones Which of the following is not associated with spongy bone? ○ Osteons What is the effect of exercise on bones ○ Results in thickening and strengthening bones Bone remodeling occurs as osteoblasts resorb bone tissue and osteoclasts replace the bone ○ False Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilage are called _____ ribs. ○ True (ribs) The parietal bones meet each other along the sagittal suture. ○ True What movements are permitted by the elbow joint located between the humerus and the ulna? ○ Flexion and extension Which of the following bones are found witing the axial skeleton? ○ The skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column In which of the following is rotational movement possible? ○ Ball-and-socket joint Kyphosis is an excess curvature in the thoracic part of the vertebral column. ○ True What is the process by which a bone grows in length?  ○ Increased activity within the epiphyseal plate Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of _______, which in turn decreases the rate of cell division of _______. ○ Growth hormone; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate What is the acetabulum? ○ A depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur Which of the following is the most abundant form in which calcium is found in the inorganic matrix of the bone? ○ Hydroxyapatite Which of the following describes a female’s pelvis compared to a male’s pelvis? ○ A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with lighter bones. A six-month-old baby is admitted to the hospitel with a broken bone. This is the third fracture in the otherwise healthy clild. The parents are arrested on charges of child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests indicate which of the following conditions? ○ Osteogenesis imperfecta What are the phalanges? ○ Finger and toe bones It is possible to determine if a child’s long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the bone and looking for a(n) _________. ○ Epiphyseal plate What type of tissue comprises articular cartilage? ○ Hyaline cartilage Which of the following correctly lists the steps of fracture repair in sequence? ○ A hematoma forms, granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, cony callus forms.