Anatomy.pdf

 NATOMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ANATOMICAL POSITION ↳ upright stance - Head , eyes and toes directed forward , ~ Arms adjacent to the sides with palms fa...

 NATOMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ANATOMICAL POSITION ↳ upright stance - Head , eyes and toes directed forward , ~ Arms adjacent to the sides with palms facing forward ↳ Lower limbs close together with feet Parallel Note : -Gravity causes a downward shift of internal organs when the recumbent, lying on the back , upright stance is assumed : a face forward People usually examined the e position - are in - Prone position - > lying on the abdomen , face downward ANATOMICAL PLANES · Median Plane(median sagittal plane): Sagittal · Planes : vertical planes parallel to the median plane · Transverse Planes : divides the body into superiors interior part · Frontal Planes (coronal Place) : divides the body into posterior anterior The main use of anatomical planes is to describe sections: Longitudinal sections - - Transverse sections Oblique ~ - sections mem & Terms of Relationship and/ Comparison · Superior : nearer to the vertex /Cranial (towards me headon e) · Interior : nearer to the sole of the foot / Candal : towards te feet or tail region) · Posterior (dorsal) : back of the body nearer to the back , · Anterior (ventral) : front of the body , nearer to the front · Rostral : anterior but for brain · Medial : nearer to the median plane Rostral - from Rostrum (meaning beak)  · Lateral : farther away from the median plane · Dorsum : superior part of a body part that protrudes anteriorly - from the body > - posterior surface of hands 3 feet · Intermedial : nearer to the feet and median plane. · Superolateral : nearer to the head and farther away from the median plane terms undependent of the anatomical positions or planes · Superficial : nearer to surface · Deep : farther from surface · Intermediate : between a superficial and deep structure Internal : outside of · or farther from the center of an organ or cavity independent · Internal : inside or closer to the center 3 of direction · Proximal : nearer to the trunk or attachment of a limb · Distal : farther from the trunk or attachment of a lime Terms of Laterality · Bilateral : when the structures are paired, having right and left members · Unilateral : structure occurs on only one side · Ipsilateral : structure on the same side as another structure · Contralateral : structure on the opposite side of another structure Terms of Movement occurs in the anterior · Flexion : decreasing the angles between bones or parts of the body direction except in the knees where ita m the posterior direction direction e · Extension : Increasing the angles between bones or parts of the body musmepostero , · Dorsiflexion : flexion at the ankle joint lifting the front of the foot and toes up i , · Plantarflezion : flexion at the ankle joint , standing on your toes lime · Hyperextension : extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit · Abduction : moving away from the median plane · Adduction : moving toward the median plane Abduction (digits) : Spreading the apart digits · - Hyperextension of the neck is called whiplash · Adduction (digits) : bringing the spread digits together & · Aleral flexion (neck and trunk) : tilting the head andlor shoulders to the right /left The thumbnail faces laterally instead of posteriorly in I I the anatomical position, the thumb is rotated 90° relative to the other digits. Therefore, the thumb flexes and extends in the frontal plane and abducts and adducts in the sagittal plane. - · Circumduction : movement of a body part in a. This movement circle involves flexion abduction, extension and adduction. , · Rotation : moving a part of the body around its longitudinal azis & Medial (internal) rotation : anterior surface of the limb moves towards centernal median plane the. ↳ Lateral rotation : anterior surface of the limb moves away from the Cforearms hand) median Plane · Pronation : M - radius is rotated medially Palm of the handy posterior dorsum - is anterior · Supination (forearm 3 hand): radius is rotated laterally - - palm of the hand is anterior Memory device: You can hold soup in the palm of your hand when the flexed forearm is supinated but are prone [likely] to spill it if the forearm is then pronated! · Eversion : the sole of the foot is turned laterally When the foot is. fully everted , it is also dorsiflexed · Inversion : the cole of the foot is turned medially When. the foot is fully inverted, it is also plantarfixed · Pronation (foot) : eversion and abduction· Supination (foot): inversion and adduction  Clst digit) · Opposition : Pad of the thumb, is moved to another digit pad · Reposition : movement of thumb from the position of opposition back to the anatomical position. · protrusion : anter , or movement leg in lips, tongue, chin · Retrusion : Posterior movement (eg in lips, tongue chin) , · Protraction (scapula) : anterolateral movement · Retraction (scapula) Posteromedial : movement · Elevation : moving a body part (eg superiorly in shoulders, upper eyelid, tongue) · Depression : lowers a body Interiors part leg in shoulder upper , eyelid, tongue