International Organizations PDF

International Organizations in the World Prof. Francis Michael B. Sagun  Inter-Organization 1. UN (United Nation) 2. EU (European Union) 3. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 4. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 5. APEC (Asia-Pacific Econom...

International Organizations in the World Prof. Francis Michael B. Sagun  Inter-Organization 1. UN (United Nation) 2. EU (European Union) 3. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 4. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 5. APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 6. ICC (International Criminal Court) 7. WTO (World Trade Organization) 8. UNICEF- (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) 9. WHO (World Health Organization) 10. IMF (International Monetary Fund) 11. WB (World Bank) 12. BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)  UNITED NATION The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 with the aim of promoting peace, cooperation, and development among nations. It is composed of 193 member states. United Nation plays a critical role in maintaining peace and security, promoting development, protecting human rights, and fostering international cooperation. Roles and Functions of the United Nation 1. Maintaining international peace and security: The UN is responsible for preventing and resolving conflicts between nations. It achieves this through various means, including mediation, peacekeeping, and enforcement actions. 2. Promoting sustainable development: The UN works to improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world. It supports efforts to eradicate poverty, promote education, and ensure access to healthcare. 3. Protecting human rights: The UN is committed to protecting the human rights of all people. It establishes standards and norms for human rights and works to ensure that they are respected and upheld. Roles and Functions of the United Nation 4. Providing humanitarian assistance: The UN provides aid to people affected by natural disasters, conflicts, and other emergencies. It coordinates relief efforts and provides food, shelter, and other essential services. 5. Fostering international cooperation: The UN provides a forum for nations to work together on common goals. It promotes dialogue and cooperation on issues such as climate change, trade, and public health. 6. Supporting disarmament and non-proliferation: The UN works to reduce the threat of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. It promotes disarmament and non- proliferation efforts and monitors compliance with international treaties.  European Union The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 and is based on a series of treaties and agreements among its members.  Roles and Functions of the European Union 1. Economic Integration: The EU has a single market and customs union that allow for free movement of goods, services, capital, and people within the member states. This promotes trade, investment, and economic growth among its members. 2. Common Policies: The EU has developed common policies in areas such as agriculture, fisheries, environment, transport, and energy to ensure that all member states adhere to common standards and regulations. 3. Foreign and Security Policy: The EU coordinates the foreign and security policies of its member states, which includes negotiating international treaties, providing humanitarian aid, and promoting democracy and human rights. Roles and Functions of the European Union 4. Justice and Home Affairs: The EU works to coordinate policies on issues such as immigration, border control, and law enforcement, with the aim of promoting security and justice for all member states. 5. Democratic Governance: The EU has a complex institutional structure that includes the European Commission, European Council, European Parliament, and European Court of Justice. These institutions are responsible for making decisions and enforcing laws that affect all member states, and they are held accountable to the citizens of the EU through democratic processes. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nation) ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nation) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 10 Southeast Asian countries which seek to promote intergovernmental cooperation and facilities economic, political, security, military, educational and socio-cultural integration amongst its members and other Asian countries. It was established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok Thailand. The Roles and Functions of the ASEAN. 1. Economic Integration: The ASEAN promotes economic cooperation and integration among its member states through various mechanisms, including the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). These mechanisms aim to promote trade, investment, and economic growth among ASEAN member states. 2. Political and Security Cooperation: The ASEAN also promotes political and security cooperation among its member states to maintain regional peace and stability. The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting (ADMM) are among the mechanisms that facilitate such cooperation.  The Roles and Functions of the ASEAN 3. Socio-Cultural Cooperation: The ASEAN promotes socio-cultural cooperation among its member states to strengthen social and cultural ties among ASEAN peoples. The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) is a mechanism that promotes such cooperation. 4. Environmental Cooperation: The ASEAN promotes environmental cooperation among its member states to address environmental challenges facing the region, such as climate change, deforestation, and marine pollution. The ASEAN Center for Biodiversity (ACB) and the ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change (AWGCC) are among the mechanisms that facilitate such cooperation. 5. Institutional Strengthening: The ASEAN promotes institutional strengthening to enhance its effectiveness as a regional organization. The ASEAN Secretariat serves as the main institutional mechanism for coordinating ASEAN activities and programs. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military and political alliance composed of 30 member countries from North America and Europe. NATO was established in 1949 with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty, and its headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium. Roles and Functions of NATO 1. Collective Defense: NATO's primary role is to provide collective defense for its member countries. This means that an attack against one member is considered an attack against all members, and NATO will take necessary action to defend its members. 2. Crisis Management: NATO also plays a role in crisis management and conflict prevention. It has been involved in several peacekeeping and stabilization missions around the world, including in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Libya. 3. Cooperative Security: NATO promotes cooperative security by working with partner countries to enhance their defense capabilities and build relationships. It also engages in dialogue and cooperation with other international organizations, such as the United Nations and the European Union. Roles and Functions of NATO 4. Nuclear Deterrence: NATO provides a nuclear deterrence capability to protect its members from potential nuclear threats. The organization maintains a strategic nuclear posture, including nuclear weapons, as a means of deterrence. 5. Political Consultation: NATO provides a forum for political consultation among its member countries on issues related to security and defense. This allows members to discuss and coordinate their policies and actions in response to emerging security challenges. APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific. APEC’s 21 members aim to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by promoting balanced, sustainable, innovative and secure growth and by accelerating regional economic integration. APEC’s 21 Members Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America, and Vietnam. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional intergovernmental forum composed of 21 member economies from the Asia-Pacific region. APEC was established in 1989 with the goal of promoting economic cooperation and free trade in the region. WHO (World Health Organization) The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for coordinating international efforts to promote public health, prevent and control diseases, and improve health outcomes worldwide. The WHO was established on April 7, 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a critical role in promoting and protecting global health, and its work is essential to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. ICC (International Criminal Court ) The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a permanent international court located in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC is the first permanent international criminal court established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. the ICC is a crucial international institution in the fight against impunity for international crimes, and its work is essential to promoting accountability and ensuring justice for victims of these crimes. UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is dedicated to promoting the well-being of children worldwide, and to ensuring that every child has access to basic human rights, including the right to education, healthcare, and protection from violence, abuse, and exploitation. UNICEF was established in 1946, in the aftermath of World War II, to provide emergency relief to children in war-torn countries. Since then, UNICEF has evolved into a comprehensive development agency that works in over 190 countries, partnering with governments, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders to improve the lives of children and their families. UNICEF plays a crucial role in promoting the well-being of children worldwide, and in ensuring that their rights are protected and respected. IMF (International Monetary Fund) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate international trade, promote economic growth and stability, and reduce poverty. the IMF plays a crucial role in promoting international economic cooperation and stability, and in supporting its member countries in their efforts to build strong and resilient economies. It focuses on macroeconomic issues, such as exchange rates, monetary policy, and financial stability WB (World Bank) The World Bank focuses on promoting economic development and reducing poverty through financing and technical assistance to developing countries. The World Bank has 189 member countries, and decisions are made by its Board of Governors and its Executive Directors. WTO (World Trade Organization) The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that was established in 1995 to promote free and fair trade between its member countries. The WTO is responsible for negotiating and implementing international trade agreements, resolving disputes between member countries, and providing technical assistance and training to its members of the WTO plays a crucial role in promoting free and fair trade between its member countries, and in ensuring that the rules and principles of international trade are respected and enforced. BRICS- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa BRICS is an acronym for a group of emerging economies consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The group was established in 2009 with the aim of promoting economic development, political cooperation, development assistance, and cultural exchange between the five countries.