2. UN & International Organizations.pdf

UN & INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS UN System The United Na,ons is part of the UN system, which, in addi,on to the UN itself, comprises many funds, programmes and specialized agencies, each of which have their own area of work, leadership and budget. The programmes and fund...

UN & INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS UN System The United Na,ons is part of the UN system, which, in addi,on to the UN itself, comprises many funds, programmes and specialized agencies, each of which have their own area of work, leadership and budget. The programmes and funds are financed through voluntary rather than assessed contribu,ons. (Assessed contribu,ons are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organiza,on) The Specialized Agencies are independent interna,onal organiza,ons funded by both voluntary and assessed contribu,ons. The UN coordinates its work with these separate UN system en,,es, which cooperate with the Organiza,on to help it achieve its goals. Funds and Programmes The funds and programmes are established by a resolu,on of the UN General Assembly and have a focused mandate UN funds and programmes are supported by voluntary contribu,ons 1. UNDP 2. UNEP 3. UNFPA 4. UN - Habitat 5. UNICEF 6. WFP UNDP-United Na=ons Development Programme Headquarters: New York City, USA Forma=on: 22 Nov 1965 Head: Administrator - Achim Steiner To eradicate poverty, reduce inequali,es UNDP plays a cri,cal role in helping countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. UNEP-United Na=on Environment Programme Headquarters: Nairobi, Kenya Forma=on: 5 June 1972 Head: Execu=ve Director - Inger Andersen The acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable development of the global environment. UNFPA - United Na=on Popula=on Fund Headquarters: New York City, USA Forma=on: 1969 Head: Execu=ve Director - Dr. Natalia Kanem Lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, and every young person's poten,al is fulfilled. UN – Habitat United Na=ons Human SeTlement Programme Headquarters : Nairobi, Kenya Founded: 1978 Head: Execu=ve Director - Maimunah Mohd Sharif To promote socially and environmentally sustainable human seQlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter for all UNICEF (United Na=ons Children’s Fund) Headquarters: New York City, USA Forma=on: 11 Dec 1946 Head: Execu=ve Director - Catherine M. Russell UNICEF works to save children’s lives, to defend their rights, and to help them fulfill their poten,al, from early childhood through adolescence. WFP- World Food Programme Headquarters: Rome, Italy Forma=on: 19 Dec 1961 Head: Execu=ve Director - Cindy H. McCain To eradicate hunger and malnutri,on. Works to help people who cannot produce or obtain enough food for themselves and their families The World Food Programme was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020. UN Specialized Agencies The UN specialized agencies are autonomous interna,onal organiza,ons working with the United Na,ons. All were brought into rela,onship with the UN through nego,ated agreements. 1 Specialized Agencies - FAO, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, ITU, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WIPO, WMO, WHO, World Bank FAO-Food and Agriculture Organisa=on Headquarters: Rome, Italy Forma=on: 16 Oct 1945 Head: Director General - Qu Dongyu Its goal is to achieve food security for all and make sure that people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead ac,ve, healthy lives. ICAO (Interna=onal Civil Avia=on Organiza=on) Headquarters: Montreal, Canada Forma=on: 4 April 1947 Head: Secretary-General : Mr. Juan Carlos Salazar Develops standards for global air transport and assists Member States in sharing the world’s skies to their socio-economic benefit IFAD (Interna=onal Fund for Agricultural Development) Headquarters: Rome, Italy Forma=on: 15 December 1977 Head : President : Alvaro Lario Focused exclusively on rural poverty reduc,on in developing countries, to eliminate hunger and malnutri,on; raise their produc,vity and incomes ILO- Interna=onal Labour Organisa=on Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 1919 (under League of Na=ons) Head: Director General - Gilbert F. Houngbo To advance social and economic jus,ce through se^ng interna,onal labour standards. IMF- Interna=onal Monetary Fund Headquarters: Washington DC Forma=on: 27 Dec 1945 Head: Managing Director - Kristalina Georgieva Promote interna,onal monetary co-opera,on, facilitate interna,onal trade, foster sustainable economic growth IMO (Interna=onal Mari=me Organiza=on) Headquarters: London, United Kingdom Forma=on: 17 March 1948 Head : Secretary-General : Kitack Lim Creates a comprehensive shipping regulatory framework, addressing safety and environmental concerns, legal maQers, technical coopera,on, security, and efficiency ITU (Interna=onal Telecommunica=on Union) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 17 May 1865 Head : Secretary-General : Doreen Bogdan-Mar=n Facilitate interna,onal connec,vity in communica,ons networks, allocate global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, develop the technical standards, and strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communi,es worldwide. UNESCO- United Na=on Educa=onal, Scien=fic and Cultural Organisa=on Headquarters: Paris, France Forma=on: 16 Nov 1945 Head: Director General - Audrey Azoulay It contributes to peace and security by promo,ng interna,onal coopera,on in educa,on, sciences, culture, communica,on and informa,on. UNIDO (United Na=ons Industrial Development Organiza=on) Headquarters: Vienna, Austria Forma=on: 17 November 1966 Head : Director-General : Gerd Müller Promotes industrial development for poverty reduc,on, inclusive globaliza,on and environmental sustainability. UNWTO (United Na=ons World Tourism Organiza=on) Headquarters: Madrid, Spain Forma=on: 1 November 1974 Head : Secretary-General : Zurab Pololikashvili Responsible for the promo,on of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism UPU (The Universal Postal Union) Headquarters: Bern, Switzerland Forma=on: 9 October 1874 Head: Director-General : Masahiko Metoki Primary forum for coopera,on between postal sector players. It helps to ensure a truly universal network of up-to-date products and services WHO- World Health Organisa=on Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 7 April 1948 Head: Director General – Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus WHO is the direc,ng and coordina,ng authority on interna,onal health WIPO (The World Intellectual Property Organiza=on) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 14 July 1967 Head : Director-General : Daren Tang Protects intellectual property throughout the world through 23 interna,onal trea,es WMO (The World Meteorological Organiza=on) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 23 March 1950 Head : General Secretary : Prof PeTeri Taalas (Celeste Saulo will be the first female Secretary-General of WMO from 1 January 2024) Role: Dedicated to interna,onal coopera,on and coordina,on on the state and behaviour of Earth’s atmosphere, its interac,on with land and oceans, the weather and climate it produces, and the resul,ng distribu,on of water resources. World Bank Headquarters: Washington, DC, USA Forma=on: July 1944 President: Ajay Banga CFO & MD: Anshula Kant Provides financing, policy advice, and technical assistance to governments of developing countries The World Bank Group comprises: IBRD: Interna,onal Bank for Reconstruc,on and Development IDA: Interna,onal Development Associa,on IFC: Interna,onal Finance Corpora,on UN RELATED ORGANIZATIONS 1. CTBTO 2. IAEA 3. ICC 4. IOM 5. OPCW 6. UNFCCC 7. WTO 8. ITC CTBTO (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organiza=on) Headquarters: Vienna, Austria Forma=on: 19 November 1996 Head: Execu=ve Secretary - Dr Robert Floyd Bans nuclear explosions by everyone, everywhere: on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere, underwater and underground. CTBT almost universal but has yet to become law. IAEA- Interna=onal Atomic Energy Agency Headquarters: Vienna, Austria Forma=on: 29 July 1957 Head: Director General - Rafael Mariano Grossi It is world's centre for coopera,on in the nuclear field. The Agency works with its Member States and mul,ple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies. ICC- Interna=onal Criminal Court Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands Forma=on: 2002 Head: President- Judge Piotr Hofmański (Poland) The ICC is a criminal tribunal. Its purpose is to inves,gate and prosecute war criminals. IOM ( Interna=onal Organiza=on for Migra=on) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 1951 Head: Director General - Amy E. Pope Ensure the orderly and humane management of migra,on, to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people. OPCW (Organisa=on for the Prohibi=on of Chemical Weapons) Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands Forma=on: 29 April 1997 Head: Director General - Ambassador Fernando Arias OPCW Member States work together to achieve a world free of chemical weapons. UNFCCC (United Na=ons Framework Conven=on on Climate Change) Headquarters: Bonn, Germany Forma=on: July 1944 Head: Execu=ve Secretary : Simon S=ell Responds to the threat of climate change. WTO- World Trade Organisa=on Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 1 January 1995 Head: Director-General - Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (first woman & first African to hold this post) A forum for governments to nego,ate trade agreements ITC- Interna=onal Trade Centre Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 1964 Head: Execu=ve Director - Pamela Coke-Hamilton ITC works towards global prosperity by connec,ng small businesses in developing countries to interna,onal. OTHER UN ENTITIES 1. UNAIDS 2. UNCTAD 3. UNHCR 4. UNOPS 5. UNRWA 6. UN-WOMEN UNAIDS (The Joint United Na=ons Programme on HIV/AIDS) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 26 July 1994 Head: Execu&ve Director, Winnie Byanyima Leads and inspires the world to achieve zero new HIV infec,ons, zero discrimina,on and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNCTAD (United Na=ons Conference on Trade and Development) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 30 Dec 1964 Head: Secretary General - Rebeca Grynspan (first woman to serve as UNCTAD’s secretary-general) Part of the United Na,ons Secretariat dealing with trade, investment, and development issues UNHCR (United Na=ons High Commissioner for Refugees) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 14 December 1950 Head: High Commissioner for Refugees, Filippo Grandi UNHCR protects refugees worldwide and facilitates their return home or reseQlement. UNOPS (United Na=ons Office for Project Services) Headquarters: Copenhagen, Denmark Forma=on: December 1973 Head : Execu=ve Director - Jorge Moreira da Silva of Helps the UN, governments and other partners to manage projects, and deliver sustainable infrastructure and procurement in an efficient way UNRWA (United Na=ons Relief and Works Agency for Pales=ne Refugees in the Near East) Headquarters: Amman, Jordan Forma=on: 8 December 1949 Head : Commissioner-General : Philippe Lazzarini Supports the relief and human development of Pales,nian refugees UN Women Headquarters: New York City, USA Forma=on: 2 July 2010 Head: Execu=ve Director - Sima Sami Bahous Focus exclusively on gender equality and women’s empowerment. UN Research & Training Organiza=ons 1. UNIDIR 2. UNITAR 3. UNSSC 4. UNU UNIDIR (United Na=ons Ins=tute for Disarmament Research) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 1980 Head: Director, Robin Geiss Generates ideas and promotes ac,on on disarmament and security UNITAR (United Na=ons Ins=tute for Training and Research) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Forma=on: 11 December 1963 Head: Execu=ve Director, Nikhil Seth Provides innova,ve learning solu,ons to individuals, organiza,ons and ins,tu,ons to enhance global decision- making and support country-level ac,on for shaping a beQer future UNSSC (United Na=ons System Staff College) Headquarters: Turin, Italy Forma=on: 1 January 2002 Head: Director : Dr. Jafar Javan It designs and delivers learning programmes for staff of the UN system and its partners UNU (United Na=ons University) Headquarter: Tokyo, Japan Forma=on: December 1972 Head: Rector : Prof. Tshilidzi Marwala Academic and Research arm of the United Na,ons - mission is to help resolve global issues related to human development and welfare through collabora,ve research and educa,on.